JP6938507B2 - 手術支援ロボットシステム用の器械装置マニピュレータ - Google Patents
手術支援ロボットシステム用の器械装置マニピュレータ Download PDFInfo
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Description
本出願は、2015年9月9日出願の米国仮特許出願第62/216,239号明細書の利益を主張し、その全体を参照することにより本書に援用する。
様々なレベルの摩擦を生じる。摩擦の蓄積は、プル・ワイヤがもはや、結果として生じる摩擦に打ち勝つことができなくなって装置のエンドエフェクタおよび/または手首に張力を与えるまで、ワイヤロープのようにプル・ワイヤが互いの周りにきつく結び付けられるまで、回転毎に着実に増加する。
に取り付けられた手術用器具と一緒に自由に回転させることができる。他の実施形態では、第2のインターフェースも、滅菌シートに回転可能に取り付けられ得る。
図1は、手術用ロボットシステム100の実施形態を示す。手術用ロボットシステム1
00は、1つ以上のロボットアーム、例えば、ロボットアーム102に結合されたベース101を含む。ベース101は、図2を参照して本明細書でさらに説明されるコマンドコンソールに通信可能に結合される。ベース101は、ロボットアーム102が、患者に外科的処置を行うためにアクセスするように位置決めされ得る一方で、医師などのユーザは、コマンドコンソールからくつろいだ状態で、手術用ロボットシステム100を制御し得る。いくつかの実施形態では、ベース101は、患者を支持するための手術台またはベッドに結合され得る。明快にするために図1には示さないが、ベース101は、サブシステム、例えば制御エレクトロニクス、空気力学機構、電力源、光源などを含み得る。ロボットアーム102は、ジョイント111で結合された複数のアームセグメント110を含み、これにより、ロボットアーム102に多自由度、例えば、7個のアームセグメントに対応する7自由度をもたらす。ベース101は、電力源112、空気圧113、および制御およびセンサーエレクトロニクス114−中央処理装置、データバス、制御回路、およびメモリなどの構成要素を含む−およびロボットアーム102を動かすためのモータなどの関連のアクチュエータを含み得る。ベース101内のエレクトロニクス114はまた、コマンドコンソールから通信された制御信号を処理および伝送し得る。
るが、手術用ロボットシステム100は、様々な手術用器械と一緒に使用され得ることが理解される。
図2は、一実施形態による手術用ロボットシステム100用のコマンドコンソール200を示す。コマンドコンソール200は、コンソールベース201と、ディスプレイモジュール202、例えばモニタと、制御モジュール、例えばキーボード203およびジョイスティック204とを含む。いくつかの実施形態では、コマンドモジュール200の機能の1つ以上は、手術用ロボットシステム100のベース101、または手術用ロボットシステム100に通信可能に結合された別のシステムに組み込まれ得る。ユーザ205、例えば医師は、コマンドコンソール200を使用して人間工学的位置から手術用ロボットシステム100を遠隔制御する。
イスティック204は、ユーザ205に触覚フィードバックを提供し得る。例えば、ジョイスティック204は振動して、内視鏡118がある方向にさらに平行移動したりまたは回転したりはできないことを示す。コマンドコンソール200はまた、視覚フィードバック(例えば、ポップアップメッセージ)および/または音声フィードバック(例えば、ビープ音)を提供して、内視鏡118が最大平行移動または回転に到達したことを示し得る。
鏡118の透視オーバーヘッドビュー(overhead fluoroscopic view)を示す。
一実施形態に従って、図3は、手術用ロボットシステム用の器械装置マニピュレータ(IDM)300の斜視図を示し、および図4は、IDM300の側面図を示す。IDM300は、手術用器具が手術用器具の軸の周りで連続的に回転または「ローリング」できるように、手術用器具を手術用ロボットアームに取り付けるように構成されている。IDM300は、ベース302および手術用器具ホルダーアセンブリ304を含む。手術用器具ホルダーアセンブリ304は、さらに、外側ハウジング306、手術用器具ホルダー308、取付インターフェース310、通路312、および複数のトルクカップラー314を含む。IDM300は、様々な手術用器具(図3には図示せず)と一緒に使用されてもよく、これら手術用器具は、ハウジングおよび細長状本体を含んでもよく、および腹腔鏡、内視鏡、または手術用器械の他のタイプのエンドエフェクタのためのものとし得る。
カップラー314を含み、これらトルクカップラーは、取付インターフェース310から外向きに突出し、かつ手術用器具上のそれぞれの器械入力部と係合する。いくつかの実施形態では、IDM300と手術用器具との間に無菌境界を生じるために、滅菌アダプターに結合された手術用ドレープが使用され得る。これらの実施形態では、滅菌アダプターは、手術用器具がIDM300に固定されるときに、取付インターフェース310と手術用器具との間に位置決めされて、手術用ドレープが、手術用器具および患者をIDM300および手術支援ロボットシステムから分離するようにし得る。
4を含むが、他の実施形態では、個数は、手術用器具のエンドエフェクタに対する所望の数の自由度に応じて、変わってもよい。いくつかの実施形態では、滅菌アダプターに結合された手術用ドレープを使用して、IDM300と手術用器具との間に無菌境界を生じ得る。これらの実施形態では、滅菌アダプターは、手術用器具がIDM300に固定されているときには、取付インターフェース310と手術用器具との間に位置決めされ得、および滅菌アダプターは、各トルクカップラー314からそれぞれの器械入力部へ電力を伝送するように構成され得る。
図7は、一実施形態による、手術用ドレープの滅菌アダプター506に対して手術用器具500を係合および係合解除するための作動機構の拡大斜視図を示す。図3に関して説明するようなIDM300の構成に起因して、外科的処置の最中に患者へ挿入する手術用器具の軸は、手術用器具を取り外す軸と同じである。手術用器具の取り外す最中に患者の安全性を保証するために、手術用器具500は、手術用器具500を取り外す前に、滅菌アダプター506およびIDM300から関節接合を解除され得る。図7の実施形態では、複数のカップラー512は、軸方向に平行移動する、すなわち、滅菌アダプター506から離れるように突き出し、および滅菌アダプターの方へ引っ込むように構成される。複数のカップラー512の平行移動は、それぞれの器械入力部600からの複数のカップラー512の係合解除によって手術用器具500の関節接合を確実に解除される作動機構に
よって作動される。作動機構は、ウェッジ702およびプッシャプレート704を含む。
上がる(sprung−up)性質に起因して、ラッチ804、およびそれにより滅菌アダプター506が手術用器具500から引き離されるのを防止するような向きにされる。
術用器具の係合および係合解除のプロセスを示す。図9Aおよび図9Bの実施形態では、滅菌アダプター900は、手術用器具904を滅菌アダプター900に固定する外側バンド902を含み得る。図9Aおよび図9Bに示すように、手術用器具904は、ハウジング908の外表面に斜面906を含む。斜面906は、滅菌アダプター900の外側バンド902の内表面に位置決めされる円形突起912を受け入れるように構成されるノッチ910を含む。外側バンド902は、滅菌アダプター900および手術用器具904と無関係におよびそれらに対して回転できる。外側バンド902が第1の方向に回転するとき、円形突起912は、円形突起912がノッチ910内に入れ子にされるまで、斜面906の表面を上方に滑らかに動き、それにより、滅菌アダプター900および手術用器具904を一緒に固定する。外側バンド902の第2の方向の回転によって、滅菌アダプター900および手術用器具904を互いから非固定状態にする。いくつかの実施形態では、この機構は、図7〜8に関して説明されるような滅菌アダプター900上の複数のカップラー914の関節接合の解除と結び付けられ得る。
図10Aは、一実施形態による、器械装置マニピュレータ300内で手術用器具ホルダー308をローリングするための機構の斜視図を示す。図10Aに示すように、取付インターフェース310は取り外されて、ローリング機構を露出させている。この機構は、手術用器具ホルダー308を回転軸316の周りでいずれの方向にも連続的に回転すなわち「ローリング」させ得る。ローリング機構は、ステータギヤ1002およびロータギヤ1004を含む。
内周に沿ってギヤの歯を含む。ステータギヤ1002は、取付インターフェース310の後ろ側で外側ハウジング306に固定して取り付けられる。ステータギヤ1002は、ロータギヤ1004と同じピッチを有して、ステータギヤ1002のギヤの歯が、ロータギヤ1004のギヤの歯と噛合するように構成される。ステータギヤ1002は、硬質材料(例えば、金属または硬質プラスチック)で構成され得る。
図11Aは、一実施形態による、器械装置マニピュレータの内部構成要素およびそのいくつかの電気部品の部分的な分解斜視図を示す。手術用器具ホルダー308の内部構成要素は、複数のアクチュエータ1102、モータ、ギヤヘッド(図示せず)、トルクセンサー(図示せず)、トルクセンサー増幅器1110、スリップリング1112、複数のエン
コーダボード1114、複数のモータパワーボード1116、および統合コントローラ1118を含む。
らもたらされた電気的接続のための複数の電気部品を含む。スリップリング1112は、外側ハウジング306から特定の距離で、手術用器具ホルダー308の外側ハウジング306に固定され、これらの電気的接続のための空間を割り当てる。複数の同心状の溝1120は、統合コントローラに取り付けられた複数のブラシ1122と噛合するように構成される。溝1120とブラシ1122との接触によって、手術用アームおよびベースから手術用器具ホルダーへ電気出力および信号を伝達できる。
リップリング1112と外側ハウジング306との間にさらなる支持を加える。さらに、これらの構成要素は、統合コントローラ1118上の複数のブラシ1122が複数の同心状の溝1120に接触してそれに対して回転するため、スリップリング1112に安定性をもたらす。代替的な実施形態では、位置合わせピン、コイルバネ、およびシムの数は、スリップリング1112と外側ハウジング306との間に所望の支持が達成されるまで、変わってもよい。
図13は、一実施形態による、手術支援ロボットシステムのための器械装置マニピュレータ用の手術用ドレープの断面図を示す。手術用ドレープ1300は、外科的処置の最中、IDM、手術用アーム、および手術支援ロボットシステムの他の部分のための無菌境界を提供する。図13の実施形態では、手術用ドレープ1300は、手術用器具がIDM、例えばIDM300に取り付けられると、手術用器具の細長状本体を受け入れるように構成された通路を含むIDMと一緒に使用するように構成される。手術用ドレープ1300は、滅菌シート1302、第1の突起1304、および第2の突起1306を含む。
ンターフェース1310を含む。互いに結合されると、嵌合インターフェース1308および相互嵌合インターフェース1310は、無菌接合部を生じる。第2の突起1306は、硬質材料(例えば、金属または硬質プラスチック)で構成され得る。代替的な実施形態では、結合機構は、面ファスナー、摩擦嵌合チューブ、ネジ付きチューブ、および他の好適な結合機構を含み得る。
、取付インターフェース310を被覆するように構成される滅菌アダプター1400とは構造が変わってもよい、すなわち、この滅菌アダプターは、複数のトルクカップラー314に適合する構造を必要としなくてもよい。代替的な実施形態では、第1の突起1304または第2の突起1306の複数の部分は、回転可能な構成要素、例えばころ軸受または上述のような同様の内側ディスクおよび外側リング機構などを含んで、回転が、滅菌アダプターにおいてではなく、通路312内で起こるようにし得る。この構成は、内側ディスク1404の直径と比べて突起の直径が小さいことに起因して、手術用器具ホルダー308が回転している最中の安定性を改善し得る。この構成はまた、取付インターフェース310のないIDM300の端部の追加的な滅菌アダプター1406の必要性を排除し得る。
図17は、一実施形態による、手術用器具と器械装置マニピュレータとの間の電力およびデータ伝送用の光インターフェースを示す。いくつかの実施形態では、手術用器具は、手術用器具の細長状本体の近位端部で動作するカメラまたは光源などの、電力および/またはデータ伝送を必要とする能力を有し得る。他の特徴は、追跡センサーまたは張力センサーを含み得る。そのような特徴を備える手術用器具は、電力および/またはデータ伝送のためのプラットフォームの残りの部分へのケーブル接続を使用し得るため、手術用器具のローリングの能力を妨げる。これらの手術用器具のための無限回転を達成するために、電力および/またはデータ伝送は、電磁誘導電力および光インターフェースを通して発生し得る。
本開示を読むと、当業者は、本明細書の開示の原理による、さらに追加的な代替的な構造的および機能的設計を認識する。それゆえ、特定の実施形態および適用例を示しかつ説明したが、開示の実施形態は、本明細書に開示される正確な構成および構成要素に限定されるものではないことを理解されるべきである。添付の特許請求の範囲に定義される趣旨および範囲から逸脱せずに、本明細書に開示される方法および装置の配置構成、動作および詳細において、当業者には明白な様々な修正、変更および変形がなされ得る。
Claims (15)
- ベースに固定されるように構成された手術用アームと、
手術用器具ホルダーアセンブリであって、
前記手術用アームに取り付けられたハウジング、
通路を有する手術用器具ホルダー、
前記手術用器具ホルダーの第1の端部上にある取付インターフェース、および
前記手術用器具ホルダーを前記ハウジングに対して回転させる少なくとも1つのモータ
を含む、手術用器具ホルダーアセンブリと、
手術用器具であって、
前記手術用器具の第1の面上にある相互取付インターフェース、
前記相互取付インターフェースを前記手術用器具ホルダーの前記取付インターフェースに解放可能に取り付けるように構成された取付機構、および
前記手術用器具の前記第1の面から延在する細長状本体であって、前記手術用器具ホルダーの前記通路を通過可能な細長状本体
を含む、手術用器具と
を含む、手術用器械操作システム。 - 前記手術用アームが手術支援ロボットシステムによって操作可能である、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記ハウジングはシリンダー形状である、請求項1または2に記載のシステム。
- 前記手術用器具が前記手術用器具ホルダーに取り付けられているときに、前記通路、前記手術用器具ホルダーの前記細長状本体、および前記手術用器具ホルダーの回転軸は、同軸上に整列されている、請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載のシステム。
- 前記手術用器具が前記手術用器具ホルダーに取り付けられ、前記少なくとも1つのモータが前記手術用器具ホルダーを前記ハウジングに対して回転させるときに、前記通路は、前記手術用器具の前記細長状本体が前記回転軸の周りで連続的に回転できるようにする、請求項4に記載のシステム。
- 前記取付インターフェースは、前記取付インターフェースから外向きに突出する複数のトルクカップラーを含む、請求項1から5のいずれか1項に記載のシステム。
- 前記相互取付インターフェースは、前記複数のトルクカップラーと相互に噛合するように構成される複数の器械入力部を含む、請求項6に記載のシステム。
- 前記複数のトルクカップラーのそれぞれは、駆動機構に結合される、請求項7に記載のシステム。
- 各トルクカップラー用の前記駆動機構は、前記トルクカップラーを回転させ、それにより、それぞれの前記器械入力部を回転させるように構成されている、請求項8に記載のシステム。
- 複数の前記駆動機構が、前記通路の周りでリング構成に配置されている、請求項8または9に記載のシステム。
- 前記細長状本体は、内視鏡用の操縦可能なカテーテル、または腹腔鏡用の硬質カテーテルのうちの一方である、請求項1から10のいずれか1項に記載のシステム。
- 前記手術用器械操作システム用の手術用ドレープは、前記手術用器具ホルダーアセンブリと前記手術用器具との間に無菌境界を生じさせる、請求項1から11のいずれか1項に記載のシステム。
- 前記手術用ドレープは、前記手術用器具ホルダーと、前記取付インターフェースを介して前記手術用器具ホルダーに取り付けられた前記手術用器具との間に位置決めされる滅菌アダプターとを含む、請求項12に記載のシステム。
- 前記滅菌アダプターは、前記手術用器具ホルダーと前記手術用器具との間でデータ、電力、および電気信号を伝送することができる、請求項13に記載のシステム。
- 前記ハウジングに固定されたリング状ギヤと、
前記少なくとも1つのモータに結合され、前記リング状ギヤのギヤの歯に噛合する回転ギヤと、
をさらに含み、
前記少なくとも1つのモータは、前記リング状ギヤのギヤの歯に沿って前記回転ギヤを移動させることにより、前記手術用器具ホルダーの回転を駆動する、
請求項1〜14のいずれか1項に記載のシステム。
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