JP6929788B2 - パワーモジュール装置、および電気自動車またはハイブリッドカー - Google Patents
パワーモジュール装置、および電気自動車またはハイブリッドカー Download PDFInfo
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- JP6929788B2 JP6929788B2 JP2017553691A JP2017553691A JP6929788B2 JP 6929788 B2 JP6929788 B2 JP 6929788B2 JP 2017553691 A JP2017553691 A JP 2017553691A JP 2017553691 A JP2017553691 A JP 2017553691A JP 6929788 B2 JP6929788 B2 JP 6929788B2
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- cooling
- power module
- cooling water
- radiator
- water channel
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Description
(パワーモジュール装置)
第1の実施の形態に係るパワーモジュール装置10の平面構造は、図1(a)に示すように表わされ、パワーモジュール装置10の側面(正面)構造は、図1(b)に示すように表わされる。なお、図1(b)は、図示矢印A(出力端子電極O)側から見た場合を例示するものである。
第1の実施の形態の第1変形例に係るパワーモジュール装置10に適用可能なパワーモジュール100Aとしては、図5に示すように、放熱器42が、ヒートシンクとしても機能する取付部42aと、固着具104が挿通される貫通孔42bと、取付部42aの下面(裏面)側に段部42dを有して配置された複数本の冷却ピン(放熱ピン)42cと、Oリング用の溝部42eとを備える構成としても良い。
これに対し、比較例に係るパワーモジュール装置200は、図8(b)に示すように、取付部43aの非接合面に段部がないため、放熱器43の冷却ピン43cの基端部と開口部35における装着部31aの厚さとの段差により冷却水の流れが妨げられ、特に冷却ピン43cの基端部において、冷却水路33内を流れる冷却水が滞り易くなるために効率良く冷却できなくなり易い。
また、図9に示すように、第1の実施の形態の第2変形例に係るパワーモジュール装置10に適用されるパワーモジュール100Bにおいて、放熱器44を、ヒートシンクとしても機能する取付部44aと、固着具104が挿通される貫通孔44bと、取付部44aの下面(裏面)側に設けられた段部44dと、段部44dを囲むOリング用の溝部44eとを備える構成としても良い。すなわち、放熱器44を、複数枚の冷却フィンや複数本の冷却ピンを備えない構成とした場合においても、同様に、冷却装置30に対して、段部44dの基端部(非接合面)HBが冷却水路33の最上部とほぼ同一面となるように放熱器44を取り付けることによって、冷却水の流れが妨げられるのを抑制することができるので、冷却装置30の上面部に形成された開口部35に放熱器44を装着するようにしたパワーモジュール100Bをも効率よく冷却でき、過熱による劣化を抑えることが可能となる。
次に、第1の実施の形態に係るパワーモジュール装置10に適用可能なパワーモジュール100・100A・100Bの具体例(分割リードフレーム構造)について説明する。
第1の実施の形態に係るパワーモジュール装置10に適用可能なパワーモジュール100であって、半導体デバイスQ1・Q4として適用される、SiC MOSFET 112Aの模式的断面構造は、図11(a)に示すように表わされ、IGBT 112Bの模式的断面構造は、図11(b)に示すように表わされる。
第1の実施の形態に係るパワーモジュール装置10に適用可能なパワーモジュール100として適用される半導体デバイスQ1・Q4の例であって、SiC DI MOSFET 112Dの模式的断面構造は、図14に示すように表わされる。
第1の実施の形態に係るパワーモジュール装置10に適用可能なパワーモジュール100として適用される半導体デバイスQ1・Q4の例であって、SiC T MOSFETの模式的断面構造は、図15に示すように表わされる。
(パワーモジュール装置)
第2の実施の形態に係るパワーモジュール装置10Aの平面構造は、図16(a)に示すように表わされ、図16(a)のIII−III線に沿うパワーモジュール装置10Aの模式的断面構造は、図16(b)に示すように表わされる。また、第2の実施の形態に係るパワーモジュール装置10Aに適用可能な冷却装置30Aの平面構造は、図17に示すように表わされる。
第2の実施の形態に係るパワーモジュール装置10Aを用いて構成される3相交流インバータ140において、半導体デバイスとしてSiC MOSFETを適用し、電源端子PL・接地端子NL間にスナバコンデンサCを接続した回路構成例は、図18(a)に示すように表わされる。
次に、図19を参照して、半導体デバイスとしてSiC MOSFETを適用した第2の実施の形態に係るパワーモジュール装置10Aを用いて構成した3相交流インバータ応用回路140について説明する。
(冷却構造体)
第3の実施の形態に係る冷却構造体1の鳥瞰構造は、図21に示すように表わされる。また、図21のIV−IV線に沿う冷却構造体1の模式的断面構造は、図22に示すように表わされる。
(電気自動車)
第4の実施の形態に係る電気自動車のパワーコントロールユニット500に適用可能な冷却構造体1において、モジュール用冷却系14を含む冷却機構部12の回路ブロック構成は図29に示すように表わされる。
上記のように、実施の形態を変形例と共に記載したが、この開示の一部をなす論述および図面は例示的なものであり、実施の形態を限定するものであると理解すべきではない。この開示から当業者には様々な代替実施の形態、実施例および運用技術が明らかとなろう。
10、10A…パワーモジュール装置
3A〜3D…冷却体ブロック(冷却体ユニット)
5…側面カバー
7…注水口(注入口)
9…排水口(排出口)
12…冷却機構部
14…モジュール用冷却系
16…ラジエータ
18…ポンプ
20…ゲートドライブ基板
22…挿通孔
30、30A、330A、330B、330C、330D…冷却装置(冷却体)
31、31A、331…冷却体部
31a、31Aa、331a…装着部
32、332a…取込口
33、33A、333…冷却水路
33B…最下部
33T…最上部
34、334a…取出口
35、35A、335…開口部
36、36A、108a、336…溝部
40、42、44…放熱器
40a、42a、44a…取付部
40b、42b、44b…貫通孔
40c…冷却フィン(放熱フィンまたは平板フィン)
40d、42d、44d…段部
40e、42e、44e…溝部
42c…冷却ピン(放熱ピン)
100、100A、100B…パワーモジュール
102…接合材
104…固着具
106、108…Oリング
110、602…パッケージ(封止体)
112、600…半導体パッケージ装置
112a、112b…2 in 1モジュール
112A…SiC MOSFET
112B…IGBT
112C…SiC T MOSFET
112D…SiC DI MOSFET
120、604…セラミックス基板
140、140A…3相交流インバータ
146、146A…電源もしくは蓄電池
148…コンバータ
154…3相交流モータ部
224…n+ ドレイン領域
224P…p+ コレクタ領域
226、226N…半導体基板
228…pボディ領域
230…ソース領域
230E…エミッタ領域
232…ゲート絶縁膜
234…ソース電極
234E…エミッタ電極
236…ドレイン電極
236C…コレクタ電極
238…ゲート電極
238TG…トレンチゲート電極
244、244U、244B…層間絶縁膜
300…コンデンサモジュール
331c…接合面部
500、510…パワーコントロールユニット
502、512…ECU
504…モータ
514…ハイブリッド用冷却系
516…エンジン用ラジエータ
518…ポンプ
6241 、6244 …信号基板
6221 、6224 …上面板電極
Q1〜Q6…半導体デバイス(SiC MOSFET、IGBT)
FB、PB…基端部
Claims (22)
- 電力のスイッチングを行う半導体デバイスと、前記半導体デバイスの外囲を封止する封止体と、前記封止体の一面に接合された放熱器とを有するパワーモジュールと、
冷却水が流れる冷却水路を内面に有し、前記パワーモジュールの前記放熱器が前記冷却水路の途中に設けられた開口部に装着される冷却装置と
を備え、
前記冷却装置の前記開口部のある側の内面と前記開口部のある側と反対側の内面までの高さと、前記冷却装置の前記開口部のある側と反対側の内面から前記放熱器の前記封止体との接合面に対向する面までの高さとが、同一となるように前記パワーモジュールの前記放熱器が前記冷却装置の前記開口部に装着され、
前記パワーモジュールは、前記半導体デバイスの電源端子または出力端子に接続される第1の端子群と、前記半導体デバイスの制御端子またはセンス端子に接続される第2の端子群とを備え、
前記第1の端子群は、前記封止体の側面から前記接合面と平行な方向である水平方向に露出して前記冷却水路からはみ出すように延伸し、前記第2の端子群は、前記水平方向に延出した後前記放熱器と離れる方向である垂直方向に延出することを特徴とするパワーモジュール装置。 - 前記冷却装置は箱型の直方体形状を有し、
前記直方体形状の一方の面に設けられ、冷却水を前記冷却水路内に取り込む取込口と、
前記直方体形状の前記一方の面または他方の面に設けられ、前記冷却水を前記冷却水路内より取り出す取出口と
をさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のパワーモジュール装置。 - 前記冷却装置には、前記開口部が1個または複数個配置されることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載のパワーモジュール装置。
- 前記放熱器は、前記封止体との接合面に対向する面に複数の冷却フィンまたは複数の冷却ピンを備えることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載のパワーモジュール装置。
- 前記放熱器と前記冷却水路との接触面に水密を保つためのOリング装着用の溝が形成されていることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載のパワーモジュール装置。
- 前記パワーモジュールは、IGBT、ダイオード、Si系MOSFET、SiC系MOSFET、GaN系FETのいずれかの素子、または、複数の素子を備えることを特徴とする請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載のパワーモジュール装置。
- 前記封止体の前記放熱器の接合面と反対側の面には、さらに前記パワーモジュールのスイッチングを制御するための制御回路基板が搭載されることを特徴とする請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載のパワーモジュール装置。
- 電力のスイッチングを行う半導体デバイスと、前記半導体デバイスの外囲を封止する封止体と、前記封止体の一面に接合された放熱器とを有するパワーモジュールと、
取込口および取出口と、前記取込口から前記取出口に冷却水が流れる冷却水路と、前記冷却水路の途中に設けられ、前記放熱器を装着するための開口部とを有するパワーモジュール用の冷却装置と
をそれぞれ複数個備え、
前記冷却水路の前記取込口と前記取出口とを互いに連結するようにして、複数個の冷却装置が立体的に組み立てられてなり、
前記複数の冷却装置は、前記冷却水路内に冷却水を注入するための注入口と、前記冷却水路内を流れる前記冷却水を排出するための排出口とをさらに備える同一の形状を有し、
前記複数の冷却装置のいずれか1つを除く他の冷却装置の前記注入口は閉塞され、
前記複数の冷却装置の他のいずれか1つを除く他の冷却装置の前記排出口は閉塞されることを特徴とするパワーモジュール装置。 - ケース内に収納されたコンデンサモジュールと、
冷却水を前記冷却水路内に取り込む取込口および前記冷却水を前記冷却水路内より取り出す取出口と、前記取込口から前記取出口に前記冷却水が流れるコンデンサモジュール用の冷却水路を有し、前記コンデンサモジュールが前記コンデンサモジュール用の冷却水路
の一面に装着されるコンデンサモジュール用の冷却装置と
をさらに備え、
前記冷却水路の連結の一部に組み込まれてなることを特徴とする請求項8に記載のパワーモジュール装置。 - 前記冷却装置は箱型の直方体形状を有し、
前記取込口の形成されている面と前記取出口の形成されている面とは対向する面以外で、相互に隣接する前記冷却装置の、一方の冷却装置の前記取込口と他方の冷却装置の前記取出口とが互いに連結されることにより立体的構成となることを特徴とする請求項8または9に記載のパワーモジュール装置。 - 前記放熱器は、前記封止体との接合面に対向する面に複数の冷却フィンまたは冷却ピンを備えることを特徴とする請求項8に記載のパワーモジュール装置。
- 4つの前記冷却装置を環状に連結形成してなり、
前記冷却水は1つの前記注入口から注入された後、前記冷却水路を2方向に分流し、その後合流して1つの前記排出口から排出されるように流れることを特徴とする請求項8に記載のパワーモジュール装置。 - 前記冷却装置の前記開口部のある側の内面と前記開口部のある側と反対側の内面までの高さと、前記冷却装置の前記開口部のある側と反対側の内面から前記放熱器の前記封止体との接合面に対向する面までの高さとが、同一となるように前記パワーモジュールの前記放熱器が前記パワーモジュール用の冷却装置の前記開口部に装着されることを特徴とする請求項8に記載のパワーモジュール装置。
- 前記パワーモジュールは、IGBT、ダイオード、Si系MOSFET、SiC系MOSFET、GaN系FETのいずれかの素子、または、複数の素子を備えることを特徴とする請求項8に記載のパワーモジュール装置。
- 前記封止体の前記放熱器の接合面と反対側の面には、さらに前記パワーモジュールのスイッチングを制御するためのゲートドライブ基板が搭載されることを特徴とする請求項8に記載のパワーモジュール装置。
- 前記パワーモジュールがツーインワンモジュールを構成するようにして、前記パワーモジュール用の冷却装置上に装着された第1〜第3のユニットと、
前記コンデンサモジュールが前記コンデンサモジュール用の冷却装置上に装着された第4のユニットと
を備え、
前記第1〜前記第4のユニットを四角枠状に立体的に組み立て、シックスインワンモジュールタイプのインバータを構成することを特徴とする請求項9に記載のパワーモジュール装置。 - 請求項8〜16のいずれか1項に記載のパワーモジュール装置と、前記パワーモジュール装置の動作を制御するECU装置とを搭載することを特徴とする電気自動車またはハイブリッドカー。
- 前記パワーモジュール装置により温度が上がった前記冷却水を取り込み、取り込んだ前記冷却水の温度を下げて、冷却された前記冷却水を前記冷却装置に送るための冷却系を備えることを特徴とする請求項17に記載の電気自動車またはハイブリッドカー。
- 前記冷却系は、専用のラジエータおよびポンプで構成されることを特徴とする請求項18に記載の電気自動車またはハイブリッドカー。
- 前記放熱器は、前記放熱器の前記封止体との接合面に対向する面側に形成された段部と、前記段部を基端部として配置された複数の冷却フィンまたは冷却ピンとを有し、
前記放熱器は、前記段部が収納されるようにして、前記冷却装置の上面の装着部に開口された前記開口部に装着されることで、前記冷却フィンまたは冷却ピンが前記冷却水路内に露出される、請求項1に記載のパワーモジュール装置。 - 前記段部の前記基端部が前記冷却水路の最上部と同一面となるように前記放熱器が取り付けられる、請求項20に記載のパワーモジュール装置。
- 前記制御回路基板は、前記封止体から延出される前記第2の端子群が挿通される挿通孔を有する、請求項7に記載のパワーモジュール装置。
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