JP6808489B2 - 酸可溶性銅−アンモニウム錯体および銅−亜鉛−アンモニウム錯体、組成物、調製、方法、ならびに使用 - Google Patents
酸可溶性銅−アンモニウム錯体および銅−亜鉛−アンモニウム錯体、組成物、調製、方法、ならびに使用 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6808489B2 JP6808489B2 JP2016539109A JP2016539109A JP6808489B2 JP 6808489 B2 JP6808489 B2 JP 6808489B2 JP 2016539109 A JP2016539109 A JP 2016539109A JP 2016539109 A JP2016539109 A JP 2016539109A JP 6808489 B2 JP6808489 B2 JP 6808489B2
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- copper
- zinc
- ammonium
- water
- acid
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- SWPHIVWCPLHNDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N N.[Cu+2].[Zn+2] Chemical class N.[Cu+2].[Zn+2] SWPHIVWCPLHNDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title description 7
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 42
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Description
湿疹患者の皮膚から単離した黄色ブドウ球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)株(S1)を、トリプトン−大豆寒天(TSA)上で培養し、単一コロニーをRPMI−1640培地中で37℃にて一晩培養した。S1(S.アウレウス(S.aureus))培養物を、新鮮なRPMI−1640培地で1:10に希釈し、0.2ミリリットルを、TSAを含有する9センチメートルのペトリ皿上に広げ、乾燥させた。プロピオニバクテリウム・アクネス(Propionibacterium acnes)株ATCC 11828(P.アクネス(P.acnes))を、1%グルコース含有脳心臓浸出物(BHI)ブロス中で、AnaeroGenサッシェを使用する嫌気性条件下にて、37℃で72時間培養した。P.アクネス(P.acnes)培養物の0.2ミリリットルのサンプルを、BHI寒天を含有する9センチメートルのペトリ皿上に広げ、乾燥させた。
1.図1の結果では、TSA上の菌株S1(S.アウレウス(S.aureus))の増殖に対する、硫酸銅の効果とゲルに溶解した組成物Cu#1の効果を比較する。800マイクログラム/ミリリットルの硫酸銅と200マイクログラム/ミリリットルの組成物Cu#1が同じAoI(28mm2)を有するので、S1(S.アウレウス(S.aureus))の増殖阻害において、組成物Cu#1が硫酸銅よりも約4倍効力が高いことが明らかである。この結果から、酸可溶性銅−アンモニウム錯体の組成物は、驚くべきことに、硫酸銅単独よりも抗菌性が高いことがわかる。
好気性菌株アシネトバクター・バウマンニ(Acinetobacter baumannii)(A.バウマンニ(A.baumannii))、メチシリン耐性黄色ブドウ球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)(MRSA)、およびクレブシエラ肺炎桿菌(Klebsiella pneumonia)(K.ニューモニエ(K.pneumoniae))を、病棟で採取したスワブから単離した。大腸菌(Escherichia coli)(NCTC 9001;E.コリ(E.coli))は、患者の膀胱由来の臨床分離株であり;すべての株は、RPMI−1640中で培養した。マイクロプレートアッセイでの2倍希釈が1%容量/容量濃度から開始するように、試験する化合物/組成物の保存溶液を希釈した。試験する組成物の2倍稀釈液を、96ウェル組織培養プレートにおいてRPMI−1640中で調製した。細菌培養物を新鮮なRPMIで1:40に希釈し、組成物に加えた。P.アクネス(P.acnes)を実施例1(寒天プレート試験法)に記載するように培養し、サンプルを新鮮なBHIで1:100に希釈した。96ウェル組織培養プレート(100マイクロリットル)において、試験する組成物の2倍希釈液を蒸留水で上記のように調製し、希釈したP.アクネス(P.acnes)培養物の100マイクロリットルを加えた。次いで、プレートを37℃で24時間(P.アクネス(P.acnes)のために嫌気性条件下で)インキュベートした。組成物の最小阻止濃度(MIC)は、細菌増殖が視覚的に観察されない最低濃度として定義された。
1.表4に、表1および2に記載の硫酸銅、硫酸亜鉛、および種々の組成物に対するMICの結果を示す。実験#1では、試験した2種の銅ベース組成物(Cu#3およびCu#9)は、硫酸銅の2倍の活性であった。驚くべきことに、硫酸亜鉛は、銅ベース生成物のいずれよりも低いP.アクネス(P.acnes)に対するMICを示し、酸可溶性銅−亜鉛−アンモニウム製剤Cu−Zn#1は、試験した最も活性な組成物であった。Cu−Zn#1と同量の銅元素を有するが亜鉛元素が1/6であるCu−Zn#3(表2を参照のこと)の活性は、Cu−Zn#1の1/4であった。
A−431(ATCC)を、37℃で空気雰囲気中5%CO2の加湿インキュベーター中にて、10%ウシ胎児血清および2mM L−グルタミンを添加したRPMI−1640培地(完全培地)で培養した。細胞傷害性実験のために、細胞をトリプシン処理し、洗浄してカウントし、2×104細胞を、完全培地中にて平底96ウェルプレートのウェルに播種し、3日間培養してコンフルエントな単層を形成させた。試験した生成物は次のとおりであった:(i)図4に示す硫酸銅、Cu#9、Cu#10、およびCu−Zn#1、ならびに(ii)図5に示す、防腐剤を含むアロエベラゲルで希釈した組成物Cu#9およびCu−Zn#1、および以下の2種の座瘡クリーム剤:2%サリチル酸を含むCLEARASIL(登録商標)(Reckitt Benckiser LLC of Berkshire Englandの登録商標)超速効作用処置ゲルおよび10%過酸化ベンゾイルを含むCLEARASIL(登録商標)(Reckitt Benckiser LLC of Berkshire Englandの登録商標)毎日用透明座瘡処置クリーム。試験生成物はすべて、完全培地で希釈した後、コンフルエントなA−431細胞に三つ組で加え、次いでさらに24時間培養し、そこで下記のように、スルホロダミンB(SRB)アッセイを使用して、細胞傷害性/細胞生存率を定量的に評価した。
図4から、硫酸銅ならびに組成物Cu#9および#10が、ヒト皮膚細胞についてほとんど同一の細胞傷害性プロファイルを示し、50マイクログラム/ミリリットルの50%細胞傷害性濃度(CC50)を有することがわかり、銅イオンが3種の生成物の細胞傷害性効果の原因であることが示唆される。組成物Cu−Zn#1は、銅元素濃度が他の3種の生成物のわずか37.5%であるにもかかわらず、おそらく銅イオンおよび亜鉛イオンの両方が存在することにより、他の3種の生成物よりもわずかに細胞傷害性が強く(CC50=30マイクログラム/ミリリットル)、亜鉛イオンがヒト皮膚細胞に対して銅イオンよりもさらに一層細胞傷害性があること、および/または亜鉛イオンが銅イオンの細胞傷害性を増強することが示唆される。
チャララ・フラキシネア(Chalara fraxinea)分離株196/28(C.フラキシネア(C.fraxinea))、アスペルギルス・ニガー(Aspergillus niger)(A.ニガー(A.niger))、およびウドンコ病から分離した株(Pm;リンゴの葉から分離)を、ポテトデキストロース寒天(PDA)上で室温(約22℃)にて培養した。真菌増殖に対する組成物の効果を評価するために、滅菌蒸留水で希釈した試験組成物10マイクロリットルを、12ウェル組織培養プレートのウェルに入れ、各ウェルに1ミリリットルのPDAをピペットで加えた。寒天の全体にわたって均一に試験組成物が分散するようにプレートを撹拌し(蒸留水単独を対照として使用した)、次いで、寒天を凝固させた。確立した真菌培養物から真菌の菌糸を含有する寒天プラグ(3mm2)を、メスを使用して注意深く切り取り、12ウェルプレートの各ウェルの寒天の中心にある穴に挿入し、次いで室温(約22℃)で培養した。真菌の増殖速度は株に応じて異なるので、実験は、Pmについては3日後、A.ニガー(A.niger)については3〜4日の適切な間隔で、またC.フラキシネア(C.fraxinea)については約7日に評価した。真菌増殖に対する組成物の効果を評価するために、真菌の菌糸の直径を、定規を使用して90°の角度で2回測定し、平均直径をミリメートル単位で算出した。真菌増殖を視覚的に検出できない場合には、培養物を位相差顕微鏡(40倍)で観察して、視覚試験で判断されるように増殖がない(NG)ことを確認する。
1.表7に、C.フラキシネア(C.fraxinea)の増殖に対する硫酸銅および組成物Cu#16の効果を示す。おそらく抗真菌活性を有することが知られている亜リン酸による、Cu#16中の銅−アンモニウム錯体の可溶化のために(表1を参照のこと)、組成物Cu#16は、両方の時点で125マイクログラム/ミリリットルの濃度で真菌増殖を強力に阻害し、硫酸銅よりも真菌の増殖に対して約30倍阻害的であった(3.75マイクログラム/ミリリットルのCu#16による結果は、125マイクログラム/ミリリットルの硫酸銅による結果に極めて類似していた)。
カンジダ・アルビカンス(Candida albicans)(C.アルビカンス(C.albicans))の3種の株を使用した:1−1、3−1、および4−1をそれぞれ、ヒトの血液、膣、および中咽頭から単離した。クリプトコッカス・ネオフォルマンス(Cryptococcus neoformans)(C.ネオフォルマンス(C.neoformans))株CCTP13を使用した。すべての株は、RPMI−1640培地中で37℃にて培養した。硫酸銅およびCu#組成物は、200マイクログラム/ミリリットルの高濃度で開始し、一方、Cu−Zn#組成物は、保存溶液(表2)の1%となる高濃度で開始し、また硫酸亜鉛および亜リン酸は、Cu−Zn#7および#10中のものと等価な高濃度で開始して(詳細については表11の説明文を参照のこと)、組成物の2倍希釈液(100マイクロリットル)を96ウェル組織培養プレート中にてRPMI−1640で調製した。C.アルビカンス(C.albicans)およびC.ネオフォルマンス(C.neoformans)の一晩培養物をそれぞれ、40mM MOPS緩衝剤を含有する新鮮なRPMIで希釈し、90マイクロリットルをプレート中の組成物に加えた。レサズリンA(蒸留水中の0.0675%重量/容量溶液の10マイクロリットル)を、増殖の指示薬として加え、培養物を37℃で24時間インキュベートした。化合物/組成物の最小阻止濃度(MIC)は、レサズリンA指示薬が青色のままである最低濃度として定義した(生細胞は青色色素をピンク色に変換する)。
表11に、試験した株がすべて、硫酸銅の形態であっても酸可溶性銅−アンモニウム組成物(Cu#)の形態であっても、銅に驚くほど感受性であり、MRSAおよびA.バウマンニ(A.baumannii)で見られたものと同様のMIC(約6マイクログラム/ミリリットル;表6)を有することを示す。
組成物Cu#1、および1%容量/容量の組成物Cu#1を含む防腐剤含有アロエベラゲルのサンプル(3ミリリットル)を、7ミリリットルの滅菌プラスチックチューブに入れ、反復サンプルを以下の4つの条件下で保存した;加湿インキュベーター中で37℃、戸棚中で室温(約22℃)、低温室中で4℃、および冷凍庫中で−20℃。保存5か月後、Cu#1および1%Cu#1を含有するゲルの一連のサンプルを放置して室温にした。ゲルサンプル(5マイクロリットル)およびCu#1のサンプル(蒸留水で1:1または1:10容量/容量に希釈し、5マイクロリットルをペーパーディスク上に置いた)を、寒天プレート試験で菌株S1(S.アウレウス(S.aureus))に対して試験し、37℃で24時間の培養後、実施例1に記載のように、阻止帯の直径を測定した。
組成物Cu#1を1%含有するゲルのサンプルはすべて、S.アウレウス(S.aureus)に対して6ミリメートルの阻止帯を与え、広範囲の温度での保存がゲルの抗菌活性に影響を与えないことが示された。
Claims (9)
- 抗菌性組成物を製造する方法であって、
銅塩を水と併せる工程と、
前記銅塩と前記水の混合物に亜鉛塩を加える工程と、
前記銅塩と前記亜鉛塩と前記水の混合物を激しく撹拌する工程と、
不溶性銅−亜鉛−アンモニウム錯体を生成させるために、前記得られた混合物に塩基性アンモニウム塩を加える工程と、
前記銅−亜鉛−アンモニウム錯体を可溶化し、それにより形成される透明な青色抗菌性組成物のpHを調節するために、前記銅−亜鉛−アンモニウム錯体に水溶性酸を加える工程と
を含み、
前記水溶性酸が、硫酸、塩酸、リン酸、および亜リン酸からなる群から選択される無機酸である、
方法。 - 前記銅塩が硫酸銅および塩化銅からなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記水が、蒸留水、脱イオン水、精製水、濾過水、医薬品グレード水、医療グレード水、および逆浸透水からなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記銅塩が無水である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記銅塩が水和されている、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記塩基性アンモニウム塩が、水酸化アンモニウム、炭酸アンモニウム、および炭酸水素アンモニウムからなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記亜鉛塩が、無水硫酸亜鉛、無水塩化亜鉛、水和硫酸亜鉛、および水和亜鉛塩化物からなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記塩基性アンモニウム塩が、前記銅塩と前記亜鉛塩と前記水の混合物に併せられる前に水に溶解している、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記抗菌性組成物が、ゲル、軟膏、油、ペースト、薬物、噴霧可能溶液、ドレッシング溶液、灌水溶液、クリーム、石鹸、界面活性剤、洗剤、および泡からなる群から選択される担体をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
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