JP6611727B2 - 熱電デバイス及びシステム - Google Patents
熱電デバイス及びシステム Download PDFInfo
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- JP6611727B2 JP6611727B2 JP2016558675A JP2016558675A JP6611727B2 JP 6611727 B2 JP6611727 B2 JP 6611727B2 JP 2016558675 A JP2016558675 A JP 2016558675A JP 2016558675 A JP2016558675 A JP 2016558675A JP 6611727 B2 JP6611727 B2 JP 6611727B2
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- thermoelectric
- semiconductor substrate
- holes
- etching
- heat
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- H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
- H10N10/01—Manufacture or treatment
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- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- H10N10/17—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects characterised by the structure or configuration of the cell or thermocouple forming the device
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
- H10N10/80—Constructional details
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- H10N10/8556—Thermoelectric active materials comprising inorganic compositions comprising compounds containing germanium or silicon
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Description
[0001] 本出願は、2014年3月25日に提出された米国仮特許出願第61/970,322号及び2014年6月17日に提出された米国仮特許出願第62/013,468号の優先権を主張するものであり、これらは参照によりその全体が本明細書に組み込まれる。
[0045] 本明細書において言及されているすべての刊行物、特許、及び特許出願は、個々それぞれの刊行物、特許、又は特許出願が具体的に且つ個別に参照により組み込まれるものとして表示された場合と同一の範囲で、参照によって本明細書に組み込まれる。
[0087] 本開示は、加熱及び/又は冷却用途、発電、消費者向け及び産業向け用途など、様々な用途に用いられ得る熱電素子、デバイス及びシステムを提供する。いくつかの例においては、熱電材料は、消費者向け電子機器(例えばスマートウォッチ、可搬型電子機器、及び健康/フィットネス追跡デバイス)において使用される。別の一例として、本開示の熱電材料は、熱損失が存在する場所など、産業向けの場面において用いられ得る。そのような場合には、熱は、熱電デバイスにより捕捉され、発電のために用いられ得る。
[00131] 本開示は、熱電素子を形成する様々な方法を提供する。熱電素子は電気化学エッチングを用いて形成可能である。場合によっては、熱電素子はカソードエッチング又はアノードエッチングにより形成され、触媒を使用しない場合もある。熱電素子は金属触媒反応の使用なしに形成可能である。熱電素子は、エッチングされる基板表面上に金属性被覆を設けることなしに形成されてもよい。これは、純粋に電気化学的なアノードエッチングと、適当なエッチ液及び電解質とを用いても行われ得る。代替案として、熱電は、例えば2012年7月17日に提出されたPCT/US2012/047021、2013年1月17日に提出されたPCT/US2013/021900、2013年8月16日に提出されたPCT/US2013/055462、2013年10月29日に提出されたPCT/US2013/067346に記載されているように、適当なエッチ液及び電解質中での金属を触媒とする電気化学エッチングを用いて形成されてもよい。これらの文献の各々は、参照によりその全体が本明細書に組み込まれる。
[00168] 本開示の熱電素子、デバイス及びシステムは、様々な場面における使用のため又は様々な用途のために用いられ得る。場面には、制限なしに、健康管理、消費者向け、及び産業向けの場面が含まれ得る。そのような用途には、制限なしに、可撓性ヒートシンクを備えた可撓性熱電テープ、体熱を電源とするウェアラブル電子機器、発電用の廃熱回収装置(例えば車両又は化学プラントの廃熱回収装置)が含まれる。
[00211] 本開示は、熱電素子の製造など、本開示の様々な方法を実行するようにプログラムされ又は構成されたコンピュータ制御システムを提供する。図25は、本開示の熱電デバイスの形成を容易にするようにプログラムされ又は構成されたコンピュータシステム(本明細書においては「システム」とも称される)2501を示す。システム2501は、本明細書に記載の方法を実行するようにプログラムされ又は構成され得る。システム2501は中央演算処理装置(CPU、本明細書においては「プロセッサ」及び「コンピュータプロセッサ」とも称される)2505を含み、これはシングルコア又はマルチコアプロセッサ、もしくは並列処理のための複数のプロセッサであってもよい。システム2501は、メモリ2510(例えばランダムアクセスメモリ、読み出し専用メモリ、フラッシュメモリ)、電子記憶ユニット2515(例えばハードディスク)、1つ以上の他のシステムと通信する通信インタフェース2520(例えばネットワークアダプタ)、及びキャッシュ、他のメモリ、データ記憶部及び/又は電子表示アダプタなどの周辺機器2525も含む。メモリ2510、記憶ユニット2515、インタフェース2520及び周辺機器2525は、通信バス(実線)を通じてマザーボードなどのCPU2505と通信する。記憶ユニット2515は、データを記憶するデータ記憶ユニット(又はデータリポジトリ)であってもよい。システム2501は、通信インタフェース2520の助けを借りて、コンピュータネットワーク(「ネットワーク」)2530に動作可能に接続される。ネットワーク2530は、インターネット、インターネット及び/又はエクストラネット、もしくはインターネットと通信するイントラネット及び/又はエクストラネットであり得る。ネットワーク2530は、場合によっては、電気通信及び/又はデータネットワークである。ネットワーク2530は、クラウドコンピューティングなどの分散コンピューティングを可能にし得る1つ以上のコンピュータサーバを含んでいてもよい。ネットワーク2530は、場合によっては、システム2501の助けを借りてピアツーピアネットワークを実装してもよく、これは、システム2501に接続されたデバイスがクライアント又はサーバとして機能することを可能にし得る。
[00219] 熱電素子は、約10%乃至50%(重量で)HFの濃度でフッ化水素酸を備えたエッチング液を有する反応チャンバ内に半導体基板を提供することにより形成される。半導体基板は、半導体基板が約0.001ohm−cm乃至0.1ohm−cmの抵抗率を有するようなドーパント濃度を有する。エッチング液は約25℃の温度である。作用電極は基板の裏面側と接触し、対向電極は基板の前面側を向いてエッチング液中に潜没される。対向電極は基板と接触しない。次に、約10mA/cm2乃至20mA/cm2の電流密度を強制する(force)ために電源が用いられ、これが作用電極と対向電極との間に約1Vの電位をもたらす。印加電位及び電流の流れは、約1時間の期間にわたり維持される。これが基板に無秩序なホールのパターンを形成する。
[00220] 実施例1に記載された方法に従って熱電素子が形成される。図26A及び26Bは、熱電素子のSEM顕微鏡写真及びXRDスペクトルをそれぞれ示す。SEM顕微鏡写真は、以下の条件下で取得される:5キロボルト(kV)及び5ミリメートルの作動距離。SEM顕微鏡写真は、シリコンにおける無秩序なホールのパターンを示す。XRDスペクトルは2つのピークを示す。より背の高いピーク(左)は多孔質シリコンのものであり、より小さいピーク(右)はバルクシリコンのものである。
Claims (18)
- 少なくとも約0.25の性能指数(ZT)を有する熱電素子としての使用のための半導体基板を加工する方法であって、
(a)半導体基板と、前記半導体基板の第1の表面と電気的に連通する作用電極と、前記半導体基板の第2の表面と接触するエッチング液と、前記エッチング液の中にある対向電極と、を備え、前記半導体基板の前記第1及び第2の表面が金属性被覆を実質的に含まない、反応空間を提供することと;
(b)少なくとも約0.1mA/cm2の電流密度で電流を前記半導体基板へと導くため、及び(ii)前記半導体基板の前記第2の表面を前記エッチング液でエッチングして前記半導体基板にホールのパターンを形成し、それにより少なくとも約0.25の前記ZTを有する前記熱電素子としての使用のための前記半導体基板を加工するために、前記作用電極及び対向電極を用いることと、
を備え、
前記エッチングは前記半導体基板と前記エッチング液との間で少なくとも約1ボルト(V)の電位で行われ、
前記エッチングは25℃で少なくとも毎秒約1ナノメートル(nm)のエッチ速度を有する、方法。 - 前記作用電極は前記第1の表面と接触する、請求項1の方法。
- 前記作用電極は前記第1の表面とオーミック接触する、請求項2の方法。
- 前記エッチ速度は少なくとも毎秒約10nmである、請求項1の方法。
- 前記電流密度は少なくとも約1mA/cm2である、請求項1の方法。
- 前記電流密度は約50mA/cm2以下である、請求項5の方法。
- 前記作用電極は前記エッチング時、アノードである、請求項1の方法。
- (b)の後に、前記半導体基板を焼きなますことをさらに備える、請求項1の方法。
- (b)の前に、前記エッチング液を25℃よりも高い温度まで加熱することをさらに備える、請求項1の方法。
- 前記半導体基板は金属触媒なしにエッチングされる、請求項1の方法。
- 前記ホールのパターンは無秩序なホールのパターンを含む、請求項1の方法。
- 前記作用電極は前記エッチング液と接触しない、請求項1の方法。
- 前記エッチング液は酸を含む、請求項1の方法。
- 前記酸は、HF、HCl、HBr及びHIからなる群から選択される、請求項13の方法。
- 前記エッチング液はアルコール添加物を含む、請求項13の方法。
- 前記エッチングは前記半導体基板を照明することなしに行われる、請求項1の方法。
- 前記ZTは25℃で少なくとも0.5である、請求項1の方法。
- 前記ホールのパターンは前記熱電素子が25℃で約30×10 6 ポンド毎平方インチ(psi)以下のヤング率を有することを可能にする、請求項1の方法。
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JP2017510992A (ja) | 2017-04-13 |
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US10644216B2 (en) | 2020-05-05 |
CN106537621A (zh) | 2017-03-22 |
CN106537621B (zh) | 2018-12-07 |
EP3123532A4 (en) | 2017-11-08 |
US9263662B2 (en) | 2016-02-16 |
WO2015148554A1 (en) | 2015-10-01 |
US20150280099A1 (en) | 2015-10-01 |
KR20170026323A (ko) | 2017-03-08 |
EP3123532B1 (en) | 2018-11-21 |
US20160197259A1 (en) | 2016-07-07 |
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