JP6426824B2 - 熱電素子用の材料および熱電素子用の材料の製造方法 - Google Patents
熱電素子用の材料および熱電素子用の材料の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6426824B2 JP6426824B2 JP2017502664A JP2017502664A JP6426824B2 JP 6426824 B2 JP6426824 B2 JP 6426824B2 JP 2017502664 A JP2017502664 A JP 2017502664A JP 2017502664 A JP2017502664 A JP 2017502664A JP 6426824 B2 JP6426824 B2 JP 6426824B2
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 15
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- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 27
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- OOSYCERWOGUQJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(dioxo)manganese Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O OOSYCERWOGUQJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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Description
Ca カルシウムの化学記号、
ISO 結晶格子中のCa2+と置換可能である二価の元素、
DON 結晶格子中のCa2+と置換可能であり、導電率のために電子を提供する元素、
Mn マンガンの化学記号、
Fe 鉄の化学記号、
O 酸素の化学記号、
であり、
x、yおよびzは、各元素の割合で、nは酸素の式単位を表す。
ある実施形態では、x、y、zおよびnは、以下の範囲内である。
ISOの割合:0≦x≦0.5、とりわけ0.05≦x≦0.20
DONの割合:0<y≦0.5、とりわけ0.01≦y≦0.10
Feの割合:0.0001≦z<0.2
酸素の式単位:n≧2、好ましくはn≒3である。
実施例: Ca0.85Sr0.10Dy0.05Mn0.975Fe0.025O3の調製
まず、熱電素子用の材料の製造方法を説明する。
実施例:Ca0.95Dy0.05MnO3およびCa0.95Gd0.05MnO3
開発されかつ最適化された燃焼方法を、以下で、Ca0.95Dy0.05MnO3およびCa0.95Gd0.05MnO3の材料について例示的に示す。この方法は、これらの材料に限定されるのではなく、調査した複合金属酸化物の全ての製剤の製造において、成功裡に応用された。
ここで応用された方法により、0.5μmの第1次造粒から出発して、10μmの粒径の粒からなる安定した密なセラミックを製造することができた。したがって一けたを上回る粒成長が生じた。良好な導電率は、大きな粒径に起因しうるが、その理由は、この場合、粒界において荷電担体の拡散がわずかしか生じないからである。
第1の実施例として、カルシウムマンガン酸化物(マンガン酸カルシウム)ベースのセラミックを調査するが、この場合、Ca2+が、原子価3+を有する適切な原子により、ドナードーピングにしたがって、部分的にAのサイトで相応に置換された。このセラミックは、式Ca0.97La0.03MnO3で表される。最高温度1320℃で焼結された。
焼結密度 γ=4.61g/cm3
導電率 σ=258S/cm
熱起電力 α=−125μV/K
力率(σ・α2) PF=4.06・10−4W/(mK2)
熱伝導率 κ=3.89W/(mK)
性能指数 ZT=0.033
熱電変換のためには、特性が周囲温度に依存していることがとりわけ重要である。熱電部品の端部には、異なる温度レベルがかけられている。性能指数が温度と共に不均衡に降下しない場合には、変換されるエネルギー量は、温度差が大きくなるにしたがって大きくなる。
さらなる実施例として、マンガン酸カルシウムベースのセラミックを調査したが、この場合、La3+でのドナードーピングに代えて、Yb3+でのドナードーピングを行った。さらに、このドーピングを3%から5%へと高めた。したがって、荷電担体の数の上昇、したがって導電率の改良を予想しうる。しかし、荷電担体の数は、結果として生じる熱起電力(「ハイクスの式」参照)にも影響を与える。ドナー割合がy>50%の場合には、大概、伝導機構が正孔伝導に替わり、その結果、ドナー割合は、50%未満となるべきである。
焼結密度 γ=4.70g/cm3
導電率 σ=399S/cm
熱起電力(ゼーベック係数) α=−101μV/K
力率 PF=4.05・10−4W/(mK2)
熱伝導率 κ=3.08W/(mK)
性能指数 ZT=0.040
これらの値から、導電率の改良が熱起電力の低下により相殺され、その結果、力率がほぼ等しくあり続けることが導き出されうる。焼結密度は約2%上昇し、熱伝導率は約20%低下する点を書き留めるべきで、したがって、これにより、性能指数ZTも約20%改良される。
さらなる実施例として、マンガン酸カルシウムベースのセラミックを調査したが、この場合、さらにより多くのCa2+原子(10%)を、より重い特有のSr2+原子と置換した。ドナードーピングの割合は、5%のままであったが、しかし、この場合は、Dy3+でドーピングした。
Mn原子のサイトを占めるFe原子でのドーピングを有するCaMnO3をベースとする材料の実施例として、以下に、式Ca0.85Sr0.10X0.05Mn1−zFezO3で表される材料を特徴付けるが、この場合、Xは、DyまたはBiに等しい。したがってBサイトでのMn原子の一部分はFe原子により交換されている。Bサイトの大部分の割合(>80%)は、Mn原子で占められている。これにより、熱電変換にとって有利であるマンガン酸塩化合物の結晶構造および安定性は、ほぼ維持され続ける。
さらなる実施例として、ある材料を特徴付けるが、この場合、これ以前の実施例に比べて、Sr割合が10%から20%に上昇している。とりわけ式Ca1−x−0.05SrxDy0.05Mn1−zFezO3の材料を特徴付ける。この場合も、Fe原子の割合zの変動を調査する。
この発電機は、いわゆるΠ型構造を有する。この発電機は、異なる型の材料2、3を複数個有するモジュールとして形成されている。これらの材料2、3が、発電機のアームを形成する。第1の材料2はn型で、上述のようにカルシウムマンガン酸化物ベースの材料である。第2の材料3はp型である。好ましくは2つの材料2、3は、比較可能な性能指数を有する。この場合、全体として特に良好なエネルギー変換が達成可能である。
2 第1材料
3 第2材料
4 電気端子
5 電気端子
6 電気接点
7 熱的接触素子
8 熱的接触素子
Tmax 最高燃焼温度
Ts 融解温度
γ 密度
σ 導電率
α ゼーベック係数
PF 力率
κ 熱伝導率
ZT 性能指数
x ISOの割合
y DONの割合
z Feの割合
n Oの式単位
Claims (2)
- 熱電素子であって、
Mn原子のサイトで部分的にFe原子でのドーピングを有するカルシウムマンガン酸化物を含む第1の材料を備え、追加的に、組成物(Ca3−xNax)Co4O9−δベースの第2の材料を備え、0.1≦x≦2.9および0<δ≦2である、熱電素子。 - 前記第1の材料から形成される第1のアームおよび前記第2の材料から形成される第2のアームを備え、前記両アームは2つの熱的接触素子同士の間に位置決めされており、前記熱的接触素子および前記両アームは共に焼結される、請求項1に記載の熱電素子。
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PCT/EP2015/065470 WO2016008766A1 (de) | 2014-07-17 | 2015-07-07 | Material für ein thermoelektrisches element und verfahren zur herstellung eines materials für ein thermoelektrisches element |
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WO2012002509A1 (ja) * | 2010-07-02 | 2012-01-05 | 国立大学法人 九州工業大学 | 熱電変換材料の製造方法及び熱電変換材料並びにこの製造方法に用いる製造装置 |
DE102010041652A1 (de) * | 2010-09-29 | 2012-03-29 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Thermoelektrischer Generator |
JP6010916B2 (ja) * | 2012-02-14 | 2016-10-19 | Tdk株式会社 | 熱電素子用組成物 |
JP6044972B2 (ja) * | 2012-03-22 | 2016-12-14 | 国立大学法人豊橋技術科学大学 | 熱電変換材料の製造方法及び熱電変換材料 |
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2014
- 2014-07-17 DE DE102014110065.4A patent/DE102014110065A1/de active Pending
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2015
- 2015-07-07 WO PCT/EP2015/065470 patent/WO2016008766A1/de active Application Filing
- 2015-07-07 US US15/327,012 patent/US20170158563A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2015-07-07 EP EP15741952.4A patent/EP3169644A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2015-07-07 JP JP2017502664A patent/JP6426824B2/ja active Active
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JP2017528905A (ja) | 2017-09-28 |
EP3169644A1 (de) | 2017-05-24 |
DE102014110065A1 (de) | 2016-01-21 |
WO2016008766A1 (de) | 2016-01-21 |
US20170158563A1 (en) | 2017-06-08 |
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