JP6388458B2 - 太陽電池用途向けペロブスカイト膜の製造システム及び製造方法、並びにペロブスカイト膜 - Google Patents
太陽電池用途向けペロブスカイト膜の製造システム及び製造方法、並びにペロブスカイト膜 Download PDFInfo
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- JJMDCOVWQOJGCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-aminopentanoic acid Chemical compound [NH3+]CCCCC([O-])=O JJMDCOVWQOJGCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 2
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- MARUHZGHZWCEQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-phenyl-2h-tetrazole Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=NNN=N1 MARUHZGHZWCEQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- HVMJUDPAXRRVQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper indium Chemical compound [Cu].[In] HVMJUDPAXRRVQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZZEMEJKDTZOXOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N digallium;selenium(2-) Chemical compound [Ga+3].[Ga+3].[Se-2].[Se-2].[Se-2] ZZEMEJKDTZOXOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
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Description
Claims (32)
- ソース材料AX及びBX2を使用して太陽電池用途用ペロブスカイト膜を製造するためのシステムであって、前記AXは有機ハロゲン化材料であり、前記BX2は金属ハロゲン化材料であり、前記AXにおけるハロゲンXと前記BX2におけるハロゲンXとは同一の元素又は異なる元素であり、前記システムは、
垂直方向に沿う側面部と、水平方向に沿う上部及び下部とを有し、真空チャンバとして使用される筐体と、
前記筐体の前記上部に接続され、基板を載置するための垂直下方を向いたステージ表面を有する基板ステージと、
前記筐体の前記下部に接続され、BX2蒸気を発生させる第1蒸発器ユニットと、
前記筐体に接続され、AX蒸気を発生させる第2蒸発器ユニットと、
前記筐体に接続され、前記筐体における前記AX蒸気の循環を制御するためのフロー制御ユニットと、
を備え、
前記第1蒸発器ユニットの水平断面形状の寸法、前記基板ステージの水平断面形状の寸法、及び2つの前記水平断面形状間の前記水平方向における相対位置は、前記2つの水平断面形状間の重なりを最大にするように設定されている、
システム。 - 前記基板ステージの前記ステージ表面は、5cm×5cm以上のサイズを有する基板を収容する面積を有し、
前記基板は、1枚の基板又は複数の基板の集まりである、
請求項1記載のシステム。 - 前記基板ステージ、前記第1蒸発器ユニット、前記第2蒸発器ユニット、及び前記フロー制御ユニットは、前記BX2蒸気の堆積が実質的に方向性を有するのを可能にし、前記筐体における前記AX蒸気の循環に基づいて前記AXの堆積が実質的にほぼ方向性を有さないようにすることができる、
請求項1記載のシステム。 - 前記フロー制御ユニットは、前記AX蒸気の循環を制御して、前記基板上に前記AX蒸気の実質的に均一な流れを生成する、
請求項1記載のシステム。 - 前記フロー制御ユニットは、送風機システム、ポンプシステム、又は、その組み合わせを含む、
請求項1記載のシステム。 - 基板ステージの下に設けられ、前記BX 2 蒸気の前記基板上への堆積を制御するために、基板ステージを露出させたり覆ったりするように動く第1シャッタと、
前記第1蒸発器ユニットの上に設けられ、前記BX 2 蒸気の流れを制御するために、前記第1蒸発器ユニットを露出させたり覆ったりするように動く第2シャッタと、
を備える請求項1記載のシステム。 - 前記基板ステージの温度は、−190℃から200℃の範囲で前記基板を均一に冷却又は加熱するために制御される、
請求項1記載のシステム。 - 前記基板ステージの温度は、前記基板を、15℃と25℃との間の範囲で室温にするよう制御される、
請求項7記載のシステム。 - 前記第1蒸発器ユニットに関連する第1蒸発温度は、前記BX2蒸気を発生させる第1蒸発速度を調節するために制御される、
請求項1記載のシステム。 - 前記第1蒸発器ユニットは、粉体形状の前記BX2を収容するための容器と、前記容器を均一に加熱する加熱素子と、を備え、
前記加熱素子は、前記BX2蒸気を発生させる前記第1蒸発速度を調節するための前記第1蒸発温度を与えるために制御される、
請求項9記載のシステム。 - 前記第2蒸発器ユニットと関連する第2蒸発温度は、前記AX蒸気を発生させる第2蒸発速度を調節するために制御される、
請求項1記載のシステム。 - 前記第2蒸発器ユニットは、粉体形状の前記AXを収容するための容器と、前記容器を均一に加熱する加熱素子と、を備え、
前記加熱素子は、前記AX蒸気を発生させる前記第2蒸発速度を調節するための前記第2蒸発温度を与えるために制御される、
請求項11記載のシステム。 - 前記第2蒸発器ユニットは、前記筐体の側面部に接続されている、
請求項1記載のシステム。 - 前記第2蒸発器ユニットは、前記筐体の下部に接続されている、
請求項1記載のシステム。 - 前記第1蒸発器ユニットと前記第2蒸発器ユニットとの間の熱的干渉を低減するために、前記第1蒸発器ユニットと前記第2蒸発器ユニットとの間にシールドを備える請求項14記載のシステム。
- 前記第2蒸発器ユニットは、前記第2蒸発器ユニットから出る前記AX蒸気のフラックスを制御するための弁又は蒸発器シャッタを備える、
請求項1記載のシステム。 - 前記筐体と、前記筐体内の圧力を前記ソース材料間の化学反応及び前記ソース材料の効率的な使用に最適な値に制御するためのポンプユニットとの間に接続されたゲート弁を備える、
請求項1記載のシステム。 - 前記ゲート弁は、少なくとも第1位置および第2位置をとり、
前記第1位置は、前記AX蒸気の循環を安定させるためにAX蒸気圧力を制御するのに使用され、前記第2位置は、堆積が完了した後に、前記筐体から残存蒸気を排出するのに使用される、
請求項17記載のシステム。 - 前記BX2蒸気及び前記基板上で成長するペロブスカイト膜の厚さを測定するための第1モニタを備える、
請求項1記載のシステム。 - 前記AX蒸気を測定するための第2モニタを備える請求項1記載のシステム。
- 前記筐体の温度は、約70℃に維持される、
請求項1記載のシステム。 - ロードロックチャンバとして使用される第2筐体と、
第2ポンプユニットと前記第2筐体との間に接続された第2ゲート弁と、
前記筐体と前記第2筐体との間に接続され、前記筐体と前記第2筐体との間の連通を制御するための第3ゲート弁と、
前記筐体に接続され、前記筐体と前記第2筐体との間で前記基板を移動させるためのサンプル移動システムと、
を備え、
前記第2ゲート弁及び前記第2ポンプユニットは、前記第2筐体内の圧力を制御する、
請求項1記載のシステム。 - 前記サンプル移動システムは、
物体をつかむ及び放すための機械装置と、
前記機械装置に接続され、前記機械装置の動きを制御するためのロッドと、
を備える、
請求項22記載のシステム。 - 前記第2筐体は、前記基板を格納し、
前記第3ゲート弁が閉弁している間、前記第2ポンプユニットおよび前記第2ゲート弁は、前記第2筐体において所定の圧力レベルを有するために制御され、
前記ソース材料の蒸発温度が制御され、かつ、前記筐体において前記AX蒸気を循環させるために前記フロー制御ユニットが制御された後、前記第3ゲート弁が開弁され、前記機械装置は動かされて前記第2筐体において前記基板に近づき前記基板をつかみ、前記筐体に逆戻って前記基板を放して前記基板ステージ上に載置し、
その後、前記第3ゲート弁が閉弁される、
請求項23記載のシステム。 - 前記ペロブスカイト膜の所定の厚さが達成された後、前記第3ゲート弁が開弁され、前記機械装置は動かされて前記筐体において前記ペロブスカイト膜を成長させた基板に近づき、前記ペロブスカイト膜を成長させた基板をつかみ、前記第2筐体に移動させられて前記第2筐体において前記ペロブスカイト膜を成長させた基板を放して載置し、前記筐体に逆戻りさせられ、
その後、前記第3ゲート弁が閉弁される、
請求項24記載のシステム。 - ソース材料AX及びBX2を使用し、垂直方向に沿う側面部と、水平方向に沿う上部及び下部とを有し、真空チャンバとして使用される筐体と、前記筐体の前記上部に接続され、基板を載置するための垂直下方を向いたステージ表面を有する基板ステージと、前記筐体の前記下部に接続され、BX2蒸気を発生させる第1蒸発器ユニットと、前記筐体に接続され、AX蒸気を発生させる第2蒸発器ユニットと、前記筐体に接続され、前記筐体における前記AX蒸気の循環を制御するためのフロー制御ユニットと、前記筐体と、前記筐体内の圧力を制御するためのポンプユニットとの間に接続されたゲート弁と、基板ステージの下に設けられ、 基板ステージを露出させたり覆ったりするように動く第1シャッタと、前記第1蒸発器ユニットの上に設けられ、前記第1蒸発器ユニットを露出させたり覆ったりするように動く第2シャッタと、を備えるシステムを使用して、太陽電池用途用のペロブスカイト膜を製造するための方法であって、前記AXは有機ハロゲン化材料であり、前記BX2は金属ハロゲン化材料であり、前記AXにおけるハロゲンXと前記BX2におけるハロゲンXとは同一の元素又は異なる元素であり、前記方法は、
前記基板を均一に加熱又は冷却するために前記基板ステージの温度を制御し、
前記第1シャッタを動かして前記基板を覆い、
前記第2シャッタを動かして前記第1蒸発器ユニットを露出させ、
前記ゲート弁を第1位置まで開弁し、
前記第1蒸発器ユニットに関連する第1蒸発温度を制御して前記BX2蒸気を発生させる第1蒸発速度を調節し、
前記第2蒸発器ユニットに関連する第2蒸発温度を制御して前記AX蒸気を発生させる第2蒸発速度を調節し、
前記フロー制御ユニットを制御して前記AX蒸気の循環を制御し、
前記第1シャッタを動かして前記基板を露出させ、
前記基板上に成長するペロブスカイト膜の厚さを測定し、
前記ペロブスカイト膜の厚さが所定の厚さに到達した場合に、前記第1シャッタを動かして前記基板を覆い、
前記第1蒸発器ユニット及び前記第2蒸発器ユニットの加熱を終了し、
前記ゲート弁を第2位置まで開弁し前記筐体内の残存蒸気を排出する、
処理を含み、
前記第1蒸発器ユニットの水平断面形状の寸法、前記基板ステージの水平断面形状の寸法、及び2つの前記水平断面形状間の前記水平方向における相対位置は、前記2つの水平断面形状間の重なりを最大にするように設定されている、
方法。 - 前記基板ステージ、前記第1蒸発器ユニット、前記第2蒸発器ユニット、及び前記フロー制御ユニットは、前記BX2蒸気の堆積が実質的に方向性を有するのを可能にし、前記筐体内の前記AX蒸気の循環に基づいて前記AXの堆積が実質的にほぼ方向性を有さないようにすることができる、
請求項26記載の方法。 - 前記基板ステージの前記ステージ表面は、5cm×5cm以上のサイズを有する基板を収容する面積を有し、
前記基板は、1枚の基板又は複数の基板の集まりである、
請求項26記載の方法。 - 前記基板ステージの温度を制御する処理は、前記基板ステージの温度を制御して前記基板を15℃と25℃との間の範囲で室温にする処理を備える、
請求項26記載の方法。 - 前記基板ステージの温度を制御する処理の前に前記基板ステージの上に前記基板を載置する処理を含む請求項26記載の方法。
- 前記システムは、
ロードロックチャンバとして使用される第2筐体と、
第2ポンプユニットと前記第2筐体との間に接続された第2ゲート弁と、
前記筐体と前記第2筐体との間に接続され、前記筐体と前記第2筐体との間の連通を制御する第3ゲート弁と、
前記筐体に接続され、前記筐体と前記第2筐体との間で前記基板を移動させるためのサンプル移動システムと、
を備え、
前記第2ゲート弁及び前記第2ポンプユニットは、前記第2筐体内の圧力を制御し、
前記方法は、
前記第2筐体に前記基板を格納し、
前記第3ゲート弁が閉弁している間、前記第2筐体において所定の圧力レベルを有するために、前記第2ポンプユニット及び前記第2ゲート弁を制御し、
前記第3ゲート弁を開弁し、
前記サンプル移動システムを制御して、前記第2筐体において前記基板に近づき前記基板をつかみ、前記第2筐体から前記筐体へ前記基板を移動させ、前記基板を放し前記基板ステージに載置し、
前記第3ゲート弁を閉弁する、
処理を含み、
前記第3ゲート弁の開弁から閉弁までの処理は、前記AX蒸気の循環を制御するために前記フロー制御ユニットを制御する処理の後かつ前記第1シャッタを動かして前記基板を露出させる処理の前に行われる、
請求項26記載の方法。 - 前記第3ゲート弁を開弁し、
前記サンプル移動システムを制御して、前記筐体において、前記ペロブスカイト膜を成長させた前記基板に近づき前記ペロブスカイト膜を成長させた前記基板をつかみ、前記ペロブスカイト膜を成長させた前記基板を前記筐体から前記第2筐体に移動させ、前記第2筐体において、前記ペロブスカイト膜を成長させた前記基板を放して載置し、
前記第3ゲート弁を閉弁する、
処理を含み、
前記第3ゲート弁の開弁から閉弁までの処理は、前記ゲート弁を第2位置まで開弁し、前記筐体内の残存蒸気を排出する処理の後に実行される、
請求項31記載の方法。
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WO2015170445A1 (en) | 2015-11-12 |
JP2017515313A (ja) | 2017-06-08 |
EP3140873A4 (en) | 2018-01-10 |
US20170229647A1 (en) | 2017-08-10 |
KR20160148560A (ko) | 2016-12-26 |
CN106463625B (zh) | 2019-04-26 |
EP3140873A1 (en) | 2017-03-15 |
KR101864522B1 (ko) | 2018-06-04 |
US11447858B2 (en) | 2022-09-20 |
CN106463625A (zh) | 2017-02-22 |
EP3140873B1 (en) | 2021-08-25 |
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