JP5827689B2 - 光起電装置のp−型半導体層を形成する方法及び熱界面を形成する方法 - Google Patents
光起電装置のp−型半導体層を形成する方法及び熱界面を形成する方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5827689B2 JP5827689B2 JP2013526388A JP2013526388A JP5827689B2 JP 5827689 B2 JP5827689 B2 JP 5827689B2 JP 2013526388 A JP2013526388 A JP 2013526388A JP 2013526388 A JP2013526388 A JP 2013526388A JP 5827689 B2 JP5827689 B2 JP 5827689B2
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 45
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims description 15
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 85
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- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiourea Chemical compound NC(N)=S UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 229910000807 Ga alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000006259 organic additive Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 18
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- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
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- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims description 9
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- 229910000413 arsenic oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
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- KTTMEOWBIWLMSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N diarsenic trioxide Chemical compound O1[As](O2)O[As]3O[As]1O[As]2O3 KTTMEOWBIWLMSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- TYIXMATWDRGMPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibismuth;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Bi+3].[Bi+3] TYIXMATWDRGMPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxoantimony Chemical compound [Sb]=O VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- CDZGJSREWGPJMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper gallium Chemical compound [Cu].[Ga] CDZGJSREWGPJMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- AGIJRRREJXSQJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2h-thiazine Chemical compound N1SC=CC=C1 AGIJRRREJXSQJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- -1 or both Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- KYPIULIVYSQNNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enylsulfonylbenzene Chemical compound C=CCS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KYPIULIVYSQNNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- CCIVGXIOQKPBKL-UHFFFAOYSA-M ethanesulfonate Chemical compound CCS([O-])(=O)=O CCIVGXIOQKPBKL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- KCXFHTAICRTXLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CCCS(O)(=O)=O KCXFHTAICRTXLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 20
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 18
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 13
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
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- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UIPVMGDJUWUZEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;selanylideneindium Chemical compound [Cu].[In]=[Se] UIPVMGDJUWUZEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 3
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- KTSFMFGEAAANTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cu].[Se].[Se].[In] Chemical compound [Cu].[Se].[Se].[In] KTSFMFGEAAANTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IKWTVSLWAPBBKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N a1010_sial Chemical compound O=[As]O[As]=O IKWTVSLWAPBBKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GOLCXWYRSKYTSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic trioxide Inorganic materials O1[As]2O[As]1O2 GOLCXWYRSKYTSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- AJNVQOSZGJRYEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N digallium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ga+3].[Ga+3] AJNVQOSZGJRYEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- CHPZKNULDCNCBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N gallium nitrate Chemical compound [Ga+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O CHPZKNULDCNCBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910000337 indium(III) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XGCKLPDYTQRDTR-UHFFFAOYSA-H indium(iii) sulfate Chemical compound [In+3].[In+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O XGCKLPDYTQRDTR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 2
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- LBLYYCQCTBFVLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Methylbenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1S(O)(=O)=O LBLYYCQCTBFVLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GOLORTLGFDVFDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(1h-benzimidazol-2-yl)-7-(diethylamino)chromen-2-one Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC(C3=CC4=CC=C(C=C4OC3=O)N(CC)CC)=NC2=C1 GOLORTLGFDVFDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Cu+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- LCUOIYYHNRBAFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;sulfanylideneindium Chemical compound [Cu].[In]=S LCUOIYYHNRBAFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008121 dextrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- VBXWCGWXDOBUQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K diacetyloxyindiganyl acetate Chemical compound [In+3].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O VBXWCGWXDOBUQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- TWFKOYFJBHUHCH-UHFFFAOYSA-K diperchloryloxyindiganyl perchlorate Chemical compound [In+3].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O.[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O.[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O TWFKOYFJBHUHCH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
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- AMNSWIGOPDBSIE-UHFFFAOYSA-H indium(3+);tricarbonate Chemical compound [In+3].[In+3].[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O AMNSWIGOPDBSIE-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
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- CVHZOJJKTDOEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N saccharin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C2=C1 CVHZOJJKTDOEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910000058 selane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003748 selenium group Chemical group *[Se]* 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GINSRDSEEGBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N thietane 1-oxide Chemical compound O=S1CCC1 GINSRDSEEGBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004832 voltammetry Methods 0.000 description 1
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Description
Claims (19)
- 基板の導電表面上に銅の第1層を電気めっきする工程と、
前記第1層上にインジウムの第2層を電気めっきする工程と、
前記第2層上にガリウムの第3層を電気めっきする工程と、
前記第1層、第2層及び第3層をセレン源若しくは硫黄源又はその両方の存在下でアニールしてp−型半導体層を形成する工程とを含み、
電流を印加して前記ガリウムを電気めっきする工程で使用するめっき浴は、ガリウム元素を含む前駆体と、少なくとも硫黄原子もしくは少なくとも窒素原子またはその両方を有する有機添加剤と、酸化ヒ素、酸化アンチモン及び酸化ビスマスからなる群から選択された無機金属酸化物と、溶媒とを含み、前記めっき浴のpHの範囲は、0から2.6未満のpHの範囲である、光起電装置のp−型半導体層を形成する方法。 - 前記めっき浴が硫酸ナトリウムを0.01Mから2Mの濃度で含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記酸化ヒ素は、As2O3;As2O5、KH2AsO4、K2HAsO4、K3AsO4、K3AsO3、KAsO2、NaH2AsO4、Na2HAsO4、Na3ASO4、Na3ASO3、NaAsO2、又はNa4AS2O7であり、前記酸化アンチモンは、Sb2O3、Sb2O5、KH2SbO4、K2HSbO4、K3SbO4、K3SbO3、KSbO2、NaH2SbO4、Na2HSbO4、Na3SbO4、Na3SbO3、NaSbO2又はNa4Sb2O7であり、そして、前記酸化ビスマスは、Bi2O3、K3BiO3、KBiO2、Na3BiO3又はNaBiO2である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記無機金属酸化物が1ppmから10,000ppmの量である、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記有機添加剤がチオ尿素、チアジン、スルホン酸、アリルフェニルスルホン、スルファミド、ジチオキソ−ビスヒドロキシルアミノモリブデン錯体、およびこれらの誘導体からなる群から選ばれる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記p−型半導体のCu/(In+Ga)比が0.8から0.9であり、Ga/(Ga+In)比が0.3から0.33である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 基板の導電表面上に銅もしくは銅−ガリウム合金層の第1層を電気めっきする工程と、
前記第1層上にインジウム−ガリウム合金の第2層を電気めっきする工程と、
前記第1層及び第2層をセレン源若しくは硫黄源又はその両方の存在下でアニールしてp−型半導体層を形成する工程とを含み、
電流を印加して前記銅−ガリウム合金層を電気めっきする工程で使用するめっき浴は、銅及びガリウム元素を含む前駆体と、少なくとも硫黄原子もしくは少なくとも窒素原子またはその両方を有する有機添加剤と、酸化ヒ素、酸化アンチモン及び酸化ビスマスからなる群から選択された無機金属酸化物と、溶媒とを含み、前記めっき浴のpHの範囲は、0から2.6未満のpHの範囲であり、そして
電流を印加して前記インジウム−ガリウム合金層を電気めっきする工程で使用するめっき浴は、インジウム及びガリウム元素を含む前駆体と、少なくとも硫黄原子もしくは少なくとも窒素原子またはその両方を有する有機添加剤と、酸化ヒ素、酸化アンチモン及び酸化ビスマスからなる群から選択された無機金属酸化物と、溶媒とを含み、前記めっき浴のpHの範囲は、0から2.6未満のpHの範囲である、光起電装置のp−型半導体層を形成する方法。 - 前記めっき浴が硫酸ナトリウムを0.01Mから2Mの濃度で含む、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記酸化ヒ素は、As2O3;As2O5、KH2AsO4、K2HAsO4、K3AsO4、K3AsO3、KAsO2、NaH2AsO4、Na2HAsO4、Na3ASO4、Na3ASO3、NaAsO2、又はNa4AS2O7であり、前記酸化アンチモンは、Sb2O3、Sb2O5、KH2SbO4、K2HSbO4、K3SbO4、K3SbO3、KSbO2、NaH2SbO4、Na2HSbO4、Na3SbO4、Na3SbO3、NaSbO2又はNa4Sb2O7であり、そして、前記酸化ビスマスは、Bi2O3、K3BiO3、KBiO2、Na3BiO3又はNaBiO2である、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記無機金属酸化物が1ppmから10,000ppmの量である、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記有機添加剤がチオ尿素、チアジン、スルホン酸、アリルフェニルスルホン、スルファミド、ジチオキソ−ビスヒドロキシルアミノモリブデン錯体、およびこれらの誘導体からなる群から選ばれる、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記p−型半導体のCu/(In+Ga)比が0.8から0.9であり、Ga/(Ga+In)比が0.3から0.33である、請求項7に記載の方法。
- マイクロプロセッサに連結された発熱表面上にガリウムまたはガリウム合金の層を電気めっきする工程と、
ヒート・シンクまたはヒート・スプレッダを前記ガリウムまたはガリウム合金の層に連結して熱界面を形成する工程とを含み、
電流を印加して前記ガリウムまたはガリウム合金の層を電気めっきする工程で使用するめっき浴は、ガリウム塩もしくは前記ガリウム合金を形成する元素を含む前駆体と、少なくとも硫黄原子もしくは少なくとも窒素原子またはその両方を有する有機添加剤と、酸化ヒ素、酸化アンチモン及び酸化ビスマスからなる群から選択された無機金属酸化物と、溶媒とを含み、前記めっき浴のpHの範囲は、0超から2.6未満のpHの範囲である、熱界面を形成する方法。 - 前記酸化ヒ素は、As2O3;As2O5、KH2AsO4、K2HAsO4、K3AsO4、K3AsO3、KAsO2、NaH2AsO4、Na2HAsO4、Na3ASO4、Na3ASO3、NaAsO2、又はNa4AS2O7であり、前記酸化アンチモンは、Sb2O3、Sb2O5、KH2SbO4、K2HSbO4、K3SbO4、K3SbO3、KSbO2、NaH2SbO4、Na2HSbO4、Na3SbO4、Na3SbO3、NaSbO2又はNa4Sb2O7であり、そして、前記酸化ビスマスは、Bi2O3、K3BiO3、KBiO2、Na3BiO3又はNaBiO2である、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記無機金属酸化物が1ppmから10,000ppmの量である、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記めっき浴がメタンスルホン酸、エタンスルホン酸、プロパンスルホン酸およびブタンスルホン酸からなる群から選ばれるアルカンスルホン酸を含み、このアルカンスルホン酸の濃度が0.1Mから2Mである、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記めっき浴が硫酸ナトリウムを0.01Mから2Mの濃度で含む、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記有機添加剤がチオ尿素、チアジン、スルホン酸、アリルフェニルスルホン、スルファミド、ジチオキソ−ビスヒドロキシルアミノモリブデン錯体、およびこれらの誘導体からなる群から選ばれる、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記めっき浴が錯化剤を含有しない、請求項13〜18のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
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KR101265197B1 (ko) * | 2010-11-25 | 2013-05-27 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 리튬 이차 전지용 양극 활물질, 이의 제조 방법 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 |
WO2013033729A1 (en) | 2011-09-02 | 2013-03-07 | Alliance For Sustainable Energy, Llc | Electrodepostion of gallium for photovoltaics |
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GB2498879A (en) | 2013-07-31 |
CN103098225B (zh) | 2016-01-20 |
JP2013536986A (ja) | 2013-09-26 |
CN103098225A (zh) | 2013-05-08 |
DE112011102300T5 (de) | 2013-05-16 |
WO2012028415A1 (en) | 2012-03-08 |
US9401443B2 (en) | 2016-07-26 |
US20130008798A1 (en) | 2013-01-10 |
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