CN106057969A - 一种由升华硫粉制备铜铟硫光电薄膜的方法 - Google Patents
一种由升华硫粉制备铜铟硫光电薄膜的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- LCUOIYYHNRBAFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;sulfanylideneindium Chemical compound [Cu].[In]=S LCUOIYYHNRBAFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 4
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Abstract
一种由升华硫粉制备铜铟硫光电薄膜的方法,属于光电薄膜制备技术领域,本发明通过如下步骤得到,首先清洗玻璃基片,然后将Cu(NO3)2·3H2O、In(NO3)3·4.5H2O放入溶剂中混合均匀,用旋涂法在玻璃片上得到前驱体薄膜,烘干,放入有水合联氨的可密闭容器,使前驱体薄膜样品不与水合联氨接触,并在放置前驱体薄膜样品的支架一边放入适量升华硫粉,然后将装有样品的密闭容器装入烘箱进行加热和保温处理,最后取出样品浸泡24小时后进行干燥,得到铜铟硫光电薄膜。本发明不需要高温高真空条件,对仪器设备要求低,生产成本低,生产效率高,易于操作。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于太阳电池用光电薄膜制备技术领域,尤其涉及一种由升华硫粉制备铜铟硫光电薄膜的方法。
背景技术
随着社会和经济的发展,我国能源消费总量在2004年已经位居世界第二,约占世界能源消费总量的11%,能源紧缺及消费能源带来的污染同样已成为国内社会发展中的突出问题,煤炭资源、石油等能源是不可持续,因此开发利用清洁可再生能源对保护环境、经济可持续发展和构筑和谐社会都有重要的意义。光伏发电具有安全可靠、无噪声、无污染、制约少、故障率低、维护简便等优点,可以利用太阳能这种清洁、安全和环保的可再生能源,因此近几十年来太阳电池的研究和开发日益受到重视。
铜铟硫基薄膜太阳电池目前可以认为是最有发展前景的薄膜电池之一,这是因为其吸收层材料CuInS2具有一系列的优点:(1) CuInS2是直接带隙半导体,这可减少对少数载流子扩散的要求。(2)在室温下CuInS2的禁带宽度为1.50eV,是太阳电池中要求的最佳能隙,这方面优于CuInSe2(1.04eV)。(3)CuInS2不含任何有毒成分,而且禁带宽度较大,有可能产生更高的开路电压,从而使热系数小,即随着温度升高而压降减小。(4) CuInS2吸收系数很大,转换效率高,性能稳定,薄膜厚度小,约2μm,并且硫的价格较低,大面积制备时价格较低。(5)在CuInS2基础上掺杂其它元素,如使Ga或Al部分取代In原子,用Se部分取代S,即制备成Cu(In1-xGax)Se2,Cu(In1-xGax)(Se2-ySy) [10],Cu(In1-xAlx)(Se2-xSx),其晶体结构仍然是黄铜矿。改变其中Ga/(Ga+In)等的原子比,可以使其禁带宽度在1.04~1.72 eV之间变化,包含高效率吸收太阳光的带隙范围1.4~1.6eV;(6)在较宽成分范围内电阻率都较小;(7) 抗辐射能力强,没有光致衰减效应,因而使用寿命长;(8) P型CIGS材料的晶格结构与电子亲和力都能跟普通的N型窗口材料(如CdS、ZnO)匹配。
目前CuInS2的制备方法主要有溶剂热法、喷射热解法(Spray Prolysis)、电喷射法、电沉积、化学沉积法、封闭的化学气相输运法、化学气相沉积、分子束外延、反应溅射法、真空蒸发法、有机金属化学气相沉积法、溅射合金层-硫化法等。与CuInSe2相比,CuInS2不含任何有毒成分,而且禁带宽度较大,有可能产生更高的开路电压,从而使热系数小,即随着温度升高而压降减小。由于CuInS2原料成本低,因此是一种非常有发展前途的太阳能电池材料,但现有工艺路线复杂、制备成本高,因而同样需要探索低成本的制备工艺。
如前面所述方法一样,其它方法也有不同的缺陷。与本发明相关的还有如下文献:
[1]Jicheng Zhou, Shaowen Li, Xiaoliang Gong, Yanlin Yang, Liang You,Rapid preparation of CuInS2 microparticles via a solution-chemical synthesisroute and its characterization, Materials Letters 65 (2011) 3465–3467.
文章报道了用溶液化学法制备CuInS2,并研究了反应温度和时间对其性能的影响。
[2]谢俊叶,李建,王延来,CuInS2薄膜的制备及光学特性,功能材料42 (2011)129–132。
主要报道了真空共蒸发法制备CuInS2薄膜,研究了不同Cu、In、S元素配比以及热处理条件对薄膜结构、化学计量比及光学性能的影响。
[3]张冀东,CuInS2薄膜的制备及其光学性能研究,郑州师范教育 1 (2012) 25–29。
文章采用水热法制得CuInS2颗粒,然后旋转涂膜制得CuInS2薄膜,并研究其光学性能。
[4]杨宇,张弓,庄大明, 硫化时间对于固态硫化CuInS2薄膜性能影响,真空科学与技术学报 30 (2010) 236–239。
主要描述了采用中频交流磁控溅射方法沉积Cu-In预制膜,并采用固态源蒸发硫化方法制备CuInS2薄膜,研究了硫化时间对于CuInS2薄膜结构、形貌以及禁带宽度影响。
[5]S. Sugan, K. Baskar, R. Dhanasekaran, Hydrothermal synthesis ofchalcopyrite CuInS2, CuInSe2 and CuInTe2 nanocubes and their characterization,Current Applied Physics 14 (2014) 1416-1420。
主要采用水热法制备黄铜矿结构的CuInS2, CuInSe2 and CuInTe2并表征其性能。
[6]M.S. Park, S.Y. Han, E.J. Bae, T.J. Lee,C.H. Chang, Synthesis andcharacterization of polycrystalline CuInS2 thin films for solar cell devicesat low temperature processing conditions, Current Applied Physics 10 (2010)S379–S382.
主要描述了用一种新颖的溶液法在低温下制备CuInS2及其光电性能的研究。
[7]R. Schurr, A. Hölzing , F. Hergert, R. Hock , M. Purwins, J.Palma, The formation of the thin-film solar cell absorber CuInS2 by annealingof Cu–In–S stacked elemental layer precursors — A comparison of selenisationand sulfurisation. Thin Solid Films 517 (2009) 2136–2139
主要描述了用溅射-硫化发制的CuInS2薄膜,并将硒化法制备CuInSe2和硫化法制备CuInS2做了对比研究。
发明内容
本发明为了解决现有技术的不足,而发明了一种与现有技术的制备方法完全不同的,铜铟硫太阳电池用薄膜材料的制备工艺。
本发明采用旋涂-化学共还原法制备铜铟硫薄膜材料,采用钠钙玻璃为基片,以Cu(NO3)2·2H2O,In(NO3)3·4.5H2O,升华硫粉为原料,以去离子水、乙醇这两种溶剂中的一种或者两种的混合物为溶剂,先以旋涂法制备一定厚度的含铜铟 (元素计量比为CuIn)的前驱体薄膜,以水合联氨为还原剂,并在放置前驱体薄膜的支架一边放入适量升华硫粉,在密闭容器内在较低温度下加热,使前驱体薄膜还原并发生合成反应得到目标产物。
本发明的具体制备方法包括如下顺序的步骤:
a.进行玻璃基片的清洗,是将玻璃基片大小为20mm×20mm,放入体积比浓硫酸:蒸馏水=1:20的溶液中,煮沸30分钟;接着将上述煮沸后玻璃片放入90℃水浴锅中水浴1小时;再在蒸馏水中将玻璃基片用超声振荡30分钟;最后将上述得到的玻璃基片排放在玻璃皿中送入烘箱中烘干供制膜用。
b.将Cu(NO3)2·2H2O、In(NO3)3·4.5H2O放入溶剂中,使溶液中的物质均匀混合。具体地说,可以将1.6~2.0份Cu(NO3)2·3H2O、2.5~3.1份In(NO3)3·4.5H2O放入13.0~15.0份的溶剂中,使溶液中的物质均匀混合,其中溶剂为去离子水、乙醇中一种或两种的混合溶液。
c.制作外部均匀涂抹步骤b所述溶液的基片,并烘干,得到前驱体薄膜样品。可以将上述溶液滴到放置在匀胶机上的玻璃基片上,启动匀胶机以300~2500转/分旋转一定时间,使滴上的溶液涂均匀后,对基片进行烘干,再次重复滴上前述溶液并旋涂后再烘干,如此重复3~5次,于是在玻璃基片上得到了一定厚度的前驱体薄膜样品。
d.将步骤c所得前驱体薄膜样品置于支架上,放入有水合联氨的可密闭容器,使前驱体薄膜样品不与水合联氨接触,并在支架一边放置0.1~0.2份升化硫粉。水合联氨放入量为4.0份。将装有前驱薄膜样品的密闭容器放入烘箱中,加热至160~220℃之间,保温时间5~40小时,然后冷却到室温取出。
e.将步骤d所得物在去离子水中浸泡24小时,进行常温自然干燥后,即得到铜铟硫光电薄膜。
本发明不需要高温高真空条件,对仪器设备要求低,生产成本低,生产效率高,易于操作。所得铜铟硫光电薄膜有较好的连续性和均匀性,主相为CuInS2相,这种新工艺容易控制目标产物的成分和结构,为制备高性能的铜铟硫光电薄膜提供了一种成本低、可实现大规模的工业化生产。
具体实施方式
实施例1
a.玻璃基片的清洗:如前所述进行清洗玻璃基片,大小为20mm×20mm。
b.将1.6~2.0份Cu(NO3)2·3H2O、2.5~3.1份In(NO3)3·4.5H2O放入13.0~15.0份的乙醇中均匀混合,利用超声波振动30分钟以上,使溶液中的物质均匀混合。
c.将上述溶液滴到放置在匀胶机上的玻璃基片上,启动匀胶机,使匀胶机以300转/分转动5秒,以2150转/分旋转15秒,使滴上的溶液涂均匀后,对基片进行烘干后,再次重复滴上前述溶液和旋涂后再烘干,如此重复3~5次,于是在玻璃基片上得到了一定厚度的前驱体薄膜样品。
d.将上述工艺所得的前驱体薄膜样品放入可密闭的容器,并放入4.0份水合联氨,前驱薄膜样品置于支架上使其不与水合联氨接触,并在支架一边放置0.1~0.2份升化硫粉。将装有前驱薄膜样品的密闭容器放入烘箱中,加热至160~200℃之间,保温时间20小时,然后冷却到室温取出。
e.将步骤d所得物在去离子水中浸泡24小时,进行常温自然干燥,得到铜铟硫光电薄膜。
Claims (5)
1.一种由升华硫粉制备铜铟硫光电薄膜的方法,包括如下顺序的步骤:
a.玻璃基片的清洗;
b.将1.6~2.0份Cu(NO3)2·3H2O、2.5~3.1份In(NO3)3·4.5H2O放入13.0~15.0份的溶剂中,使溶液中的物质均匀混合;
c.制作外部均匀涂抹步骤b所述溶液的基片,并烘干,得到前驱体薄膜样品;
d.将步骤c所得前驱体薄膜样品置于支架上,放入有水合联氨的可密闭容器,使前驱体薄膜样品不与水合联氨接触,并在支架一边放入0.1~0.2份升华硫粉;将装有前驱薄膜样品的密闭容器放入烘箱中,加热至160~220℃之间,保温时间5~40小时,然后冷却到室温取出;
e.将步骤d所得物在去离子水中浸泡24小时,然后进行常温自然干燥,得到铜铟硫光电薄膜。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种由升华硫粉制备铜铟硫光电薄膜的方法,其特征在于,步骤a所述清洗,是将玻璃基片大小为20mm×20mm,放入体积比浓硫酸:蒸馏水=1:20的溶液中,煮沸30分钟;接着将上述煮沸后玻璃片放入90℃水浴锅中水浴1小时;再在蒸馏水中将玻璃基片用超声振荡30分钟;最后将上述得到的玻璃基片排放在玻璃皿中送入烘箱中烘干供制膜用。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种由升华硫粉制备铜铟硫光电薄膜的方法,其特征在于,步骤b所述的溶剂为去离子水、乙醇中至少一种。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种由升华硫粉制备铜铟硫光电薄膜的方法,其特征在于,步骤c所述均匀涂抹的基片,是通过匀胶机涂抹,匀胶机以300~2500转/分旋转,然后对基片进行烘干后,再次如此重复3~5次,得到了一定厚度的前驱体薄膜样品。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种由升华硫粉制备铜铟硫光电薄膜的方法,其特征在于,步骤d所述密闭容器内放入4.0份水合联氨。
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