JP5781721B2 - 有機化合物の発酵製造 - Google Patents
有機化合物の発酵製造 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5781721B2 JP5781721B2 JP2008541756A JP2008541756A JP5781721B2 JP 5781721 B2 JP5781721 B2 JP 5781721B2 JP 2008541756 A JP2008541756 A JP 2008541756A JP 2008541756 A JP2008541756 A JP 2008541756A JP 5781721 B2 JP5781721 B2 JP 5781721B2
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- Prior art keywords
- fermentation
- starch
- weight
- sugar
- monosaccharide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- KBPHJBAIARWVSC-XQIHNALSSA-N trans-lutein Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C1=C(C)CC(O)CC1(C)C)C=CC=C(/C)C=CC2C(=CC(O)CC2(C)C)C KBPHJBAIARWVSC-XQIHNALSSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- MWOOGOJBHIARFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanillin Chemical compound COC1=CC(C=O)=CC=C1O MWOOGOJBHIARFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- FGQOOHJZONJGDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanillin Natural products COC1=CC(O)=CC(C=O)=C1 FGQOOHJZONJGDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N xylitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N β-Carotene Chemical compound CC=1CCCC(C)(C)C=1\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P13/00—Preparation of nitrogen-containing organic compounds
- C12P13/04—Alpha- or beta- amino acids
- C12P13/08—Lysine; Diaminopimelic acid; Threonine; Valine
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/22—Processes using, or culture media containing, cellulose or hydrolysates thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P13/00—Preparation of nitrogen-containing organic compounds
- C12P13/02—Amides, e.g. chloramphenicol or polyamides; Imides or polyimides; Urethanes, i.e. compounds comprising N-C=O structural element or polyurethanes
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Virology (AREA)
- Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Description
(a1)デンプン供給材料を粉砕し、それによりデンプン供給材料の非デンプン性固体成分の少なくとも一部分を含むミルベースを得るステップ;
(a2)前記ミルベースを水性液体に懸濁し、酵素的液化および適宜、続く糖化によりミルベース中のデンプン部分を加水分解し、それにより単糖またはオリゴ糖を含む第1の液体(1)を得るステップ;および
(b)単糖またはオリゴ糖を含む液体(1)を、代謝可能な単糖、二糖もしくはオリゴ糖とともに、または代謝可能な単糖、二糖もしくはオリゴ糖を少なくとも50重量%の濃度で含み、かつ水に不溶な固体を原則として含まない組成物とともに、前記有機化合物の過剰生産が可能な微生物を含む発酵培地に発酵条件下で添加するステップ
を含む方法を提供する。
− モノ−、ジ−およびトリカルボン酸、特に3〜10個のC原子を有する脂肪族モノ−およびジトリカルボン酸、例えばプロピオン酸、フマル酸、およびコハク酸、
− 3〜10個のC原子を有する脂肪族ヒドロキシカルボン酸、例えば乳酸;
− 上記長鎖アルカノール、特に4〜10個のC原子を有するアルカノール、例えばブタノール;
− 上記ジオール、特に3〜10個、特に3〜8個のC原子を有するアルカンジオール、例えばプロパンジオール;
− 上記ケトン、特に3〜10個のC原子を有するケトン、例えばアセトン;および
− 上記炭水化物、特に二糖、例えばトレハロース。
− 酵素、例えばフィターゼ、キシラナーゼまたはグルカナーゼ;
− アミノ酸、例えばリジン、トレオニンまたはメチオニン;
− ビタミン、例えばパントテン酸およびリボフラビン;ならびにその前駆体および/または誘導体;
− 二糖、例えばトレハロース;
− 3〜10個のC原子を有する脂肪族モノ−およびジカルボン酸、例えばプロピオン酸、フマル酸、およびコハク酸;
− 3〜10個のC原子を有する脂肪族ヒドロキシカルボン酸、例えば乳酸;
− ポリヒドロキシアルカノアート、例えばポリ−3−ヒドロキシブチラートおよび、3−ヒドロキシ酪酸のコポリエステル;
− 3〜10個のC原子を有するケトン、例えばアセトン;
− 4〜10個のC原子を有するアルカノール、例えばブタノール;および
− 3〜8個のC原子を有するアルカンジオール、例えばプロパンジオール。
(i)総重量に基づいて50重量%を超えない、例えば5〜45重量%の範囲の部分を、ステップ(a2)で得られた液体培地(1)または別の糖供給材料とのその混合物から取り出し、該部分はデンプン供給材料の非デンプン性固体成分を含み、かつ残りの部分が適切であれば別の糖供給材料(例えば上記で定義)と一緒に、第1の代謝産物(A)、例えば固体の非揮発性代謝産物(A)または揮発性代謝産物(A)を製造するための発酵に供給され;かつ
(ii)取り出された部分を、適切であればデンプン供給材料の非デンプン性固体成分の全体または一部分を、あらかじめ除去した後に、代謝産物(A)と同一であるか、または異なる第2の代謝産物(B)を製造するための発酵に、適切であれば上記で定義した別の糖供給材料と一緒に供給する。
本明細書の以下で使用したミルベースを次のように製造した。トウモロコシ全粒をローターミルで完全にすり潰した。異なるビーター、製粉経路またはスクリーン要素を用いて、3つの異なる粒度を得た。研究室用振動スクリーン(振動分析器:Retsch Vibrotronic タイプVE1;スクリーニング時間5分間、振幅:1.5mm)によってミルベースのスクリーン分析により表1に示した結果を得た。
II.1. 糖化ステップでフィターゼを用いない場合
II.1(a)酵素によるデンプンの液化
320gの乾式粉砕したトウモロコシ粉(T71/03)を480gの水に懸濁し、続いて310mgの塩化カルシウムを連続的に攪拌することによって混合した。全実験期間中、攪拌を続けた。pHをH2SO4で6.5に合わせ、混合液を35℃に加温して、2.4gのTermamyl(ターマミル) 120L タイプL(Novozymes社 A/S)を添加した。40分の間に反応混合液を86.5℃まで加熱し、必要に応じて、pHを上記値にNaOHで再調整した。30分以内に、さらに400gの乾式粉砕したトウモロコシ粉(T71/03)を加え、そのプロセス中は、温度を91℃に上げた。反応混合物をこの温度に約100分間保持した。続いて、さらに2.4gのTermamyl 120Lを加え、温度を約100分間保持した。液化の進行を、ヨウ素デンプン反応を用いて実験の間、モニタリングした。最後に温度を100℃に上げ、反応混合物をさらに20分間煮沸した。この時点で、もうデンプンを検出することはできなかった。反応槽を35℃に冷却した。
II.1(a)で得られた反応混合物を絶えず攪拌しながら、61℃に加熱した。全実験期間中、攪拌を続けた。pHをH2SO4で4.3に合わせた後、10.8g(9.15ml)のDextrozyme GA(デキストロザイムGA)(Novozymes社 A/S)を添加した。温度を約3時間保持し、その間、反応の進行をグルコース試験紙(Boehringer社のS-Glucotest)でモニターした。結果は、以下の表2に示している。続いて、反応混合物を80℃まで加熱した後、冷却した。これにより、約1.2kg/Lの濃度で約1180gの液体産物、および赤外線乾燥機で測定したときに総量約53.7重量%の乾燥物含量が得られた。水で洗浄した後、約14重量%の乾燥物含量(水溶性成分なし)が得られた。反応混合液のグルコース含有量は、HPLCで測定すると、総量380g/Lになった(表2、サンプル7参照)。
II.2(a)デンプン液化
乾式粉砕したトウモロコシ粉サンプルをII.1(a)に記載のようにして液化した。
II.2(a)で得られた反応混合物を絶えず攪拌しながら、61℃まで加熱した。全実験期間中、攪拌を続けた。pHをH2SO4で4.3に合わせた後、10.8g(9.15ml)のDextrozyme GA(Novozymes社 A/S)および70μlのフィターゼ(700単位のフィターゼ、BASF AG社のNatuphyt Liquid 10000L)を添加した。温度を約3時間保持している間、反応の進行をグルコース試験紙(Boehringer社のS-Glucotest)でモニタリングした。続いて、反応混合物を80℃で加熱した後、冷却した。得られた産物を赤外線乾燥機で乾燥させ、水で洗浄した。反応混合物のグルコース量は、HPLCで測定した。
II.3(a)トウモロコシ粉
360gの脱イオン水を反応槽に入れた。1.54mlのCaCl2原液(100g CaCl2×2H2O/L)をスラリーに加え、最終濃度を約70ppm Ca2+にした。240gのトウモロコシ粉をゆっくりと、絶えず攪拌しながら前記水の中に流し込んだ。pHを50重量%の水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を用いて6.5に合わせた後、4.0ml(=酵素/乾燥物で2重量%)のTermamyl 120L タイプL(Novozymes社 A/S)を添加した。その後、スラリーを85℃に急速加熱した。このプロセスの間、pHを絶えずモニタリングし、適当な場合には、pHを調整した。
360gの脱イオン水を反応槽に入れた。155gのライムギ粉を絶えず攪拌しながら水にゆっくりと流し込んだ。温度を50℃で一定に保持した。pHを50重量%のNaOH水溶液で5.5に合わせた後、3.21ml(=酵素/乾燥物で2.5重量%)のViscozyme(ビスコザイム)L(Novozymes社 A/S)を添加した。30分後、さらにまず穀粉を55g加えた。その30分後、さらに50gの穀粉を加えた。続く30分に、さらに40gの穀粉を加えた。最後の添加から30分後に、液化を開始させた。
360gの脱イオン水を反応槽に入れた。水を55℃に加熱し、pHを50重量%の水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を用いて6.0に合わせた。温度およびpHを調整した後、3.21ml(=酵素/乾燥物で2.5重量%)のShearzyme(シーアザイム)500L(Novozymes社 A/S)を添加した。155gのコムギ粉を、絶えず攪拌しながら溶液中にゆっくりと流し込んだ。温度およびpHは、一定に保持された。30分後、さらに55gの穀粉を加え、その30分後、さらに50gの穀粉を加えた。そして、そのまた30分後に40gの穀粉を加えた。最後の添加から30分後、液化を開始させた。
以下のいくつかの実施例では、改変されたコリネバクテリウム・グルタミカム(Corynebacterium glutamicum)株を使用した。この株は、WO 05/059144に記載され、ATCC13032 lysCfbrという登録名で登録されている。
各場合において、トウモロコシ、コムギおよびライムギ穀粉の加水分解物を本明細書の以下の(1)に記載したように調製した。各培地における糖総含量は、種々の糖溶液(グルコース、粗糖、糖蜜を含む)を添加することで増加させた。培地は、コリネバクテリウム・グルタミカム(Corynebacterium glutamicum)(ATCC13032 lysCfbr)およびバシラス(Bacillus)PA824(WO 02/061108中に詳細に記載されている)を用いた振とうフラスコ実験において、炭素供給材料として使用した。
(a)トウモロコシ粉加水分解物
360gの脱イオン水を反応槽に入れた。155gのトウモロコシ粉を絶えず撹拌しながらゆっくりと前記水の中に流し込んだ
・液化
pHを50重量%のNaOH水溶液で5.8に合わせた後、2.6ml(=酵素/乾燥物質で2重量%)のLiquozyme(リコザイム)SC(Novozymes社 A/S)を添加した。スラリーを100℃に急速加熱して、10分間煮沸した。このプロセス中、pHを絶えずモニタリングし、適当であれば調整した。
その後、糖化反応のために、デンプン検査で陰性となった混合物を61℃にした。pHを50%硫酸の添加で4.3にした。反応期間を通して、pHをこの値に保持した。温度を61℃に保持した。2.0ml(=酵素/乾燥物で1.5重量%)のDextrozym GA(Novozymes社 A/S)を、液化デンプンをグルコースに転換するために加えた。反応は1時間行った。酵素を失活させるために、混合物を85℃で加熱した。熱い状態の反応物を滅菌容器に充填し、その後4℃で保存した。
・キシラナーゼ前処理
360gの脱イオン水を反応槽に入れた。水を55℃に加熱し、pHを50重量%のNaOH水溶液を用いて6.0に合わせた。温度およびpHを調整した後、3.21ml(=酵素/乾燥物で2.5重量%)のShearzyme 500L(Novozymes社 A/S)を添加した。155gのコムギ粉を、絶えず攪拌しながら前記溶液中にゆっくりと流し込んだ。温度およびpHは一定に保持した。最終添加の30分後、液化を開始させた。
・セルラーゼ/ヘミセルラーゼでの前処理
360gの脱イオン水を反応槽に入れた。155gのライムギ粉を前記水に絶えず攪拌しながらゆっくりと流し込んだ。温度を50℃で一定に維持した。pHを50重量%硫酸を用いて5.5に合わせた後、3.21ml(=酵素/乾燥物で2.5重量%)のViscozyme L(Novozymes社 A/S)を添加した。最終添加の30分後、液化を開始させた。
(a)コリネバクテリウム・グルタミカム(Corynebacterium glutamicum)に関して
細胞を滅菌CM+CaAc寒天(組成:表1参照;121℃で20分滅菌)上に塗りつけ、30℃で一晩インキュベートした。続いて、細胞をプレートから掻き取り、生理食塩水に再懸濁した。2つのバッフルを備えた250mlエルレンマイヤーフラスコに入れた25mlの培地(表4参照)のそれぞれに、吸光度が610nmで0.5のOD610値に達するように調整された細胞懸濁液量を接種した。
2つのバッフルを備えた250mlエルレンマイヤーフラスコに入れた42mlの前培養培地(表2参照)のそれぞれに0.4mlの凍結培養物を接種し、加湿振とう機で振とう(250rpm)しながら43℃で24時間インキュベートした。
(a)コリネバクテリウム・グルタミカム(Corynebacterium glutamicum)に関して
フラスコ培地の組成を表4に示す。培地は、最初に60g/Lの糖濃度を有するべきである。糖の半分は加水分解物起源であった(発酵培地(1))が、他の半分は糖溶液の形態で添加されたものだった。この目的を達成するために、加水分解物と糖溶液の混合物を調製し、フラスコ培地に加えた。対応する量のグルコース溶液を対照培地で用いた。
フラスコ培地の組成は、表6に示している。培地は、最初に28.6g/Lの糖濃度を有するべきである。糖の半分は加水分解物起源であったが、他の半分はグルコース溶液の形態で添加されたものだった。対応する量のグルコース溶液を対照培地で使用した。
Claims (10)
- アミノ酸から選択される、少なくとも3個のC原子を有するか、または少なくとも2個のC原子と少なくとも1個のN原子とを有する少なくとも1種の有機化合物を発酵生産する方法であって、以下のステップ:
(a1)穀粒から選択されるデンプン供給材料を粉砕し、それにより、粉砕された穀粒中に存在する非デンプン性固体成分の少なくとも50重量%を含むミルベースを得るステップであって、ミルベース中の非デンプン性成分が、デンプン性成分の重量に基づき少なくとも15重量%である、上記ステップ;
(a2)前記ミルベースを水性液体に懸濁し、酵素的液化および続く糖化によりミルベース中のデンプン部分を加水分解し、それにより単糖、二糖もしくはオリゴ糖およびミルベースの非デンプン性成分を含む第1の液体(1)を得るステップ;および
(b)単糖、二糖またはオリゴ糖を含む液体(1)を、代謝可能な単糖、二糖もしくはオリゴ糖とともに、または代謝可能な単糖、二糖もしくはオリゴ糖を少なくとも50重量%の濃度で含み、かつ水に不溶な固体を含まない組成物とともに、前記有機化合物の過剰生産が可能な微生物を含む発酵培地に発酵条件下で添加するステップ、ここで第1の液体(1)中の単糖、二糖およびオリゴ糖の総濃度は、代謝可能な単糖、二糖もしくはオリゴ糖の添加により、または代謝可能な単糖、二糖もしくはオリゴ糖を少なくとも50重量%の濃度で含み、かつ水に不溶な固体を含まない組成物の添加により、450〜600g/kgの値まで、少なくとも50g/kg上昇させ、かつ、該微生物はアミノ酸を過剰生産する天然または組み換え微生物であり、コリネバクテリウム属(Corynebacterium)、バシラス属(Bacillus)、アッシビヤ属(Ashbya)、エシェリキア属(Escherichia)、アスペルギルス属(Aspergillus)、アルカリゲネス属(Alcaligenes)、アクチノバシラス属(Actinobacillus)、アネロビオスピリラム属(Anaerobiospirillum)、ラクトバシラス属(Lactobacillus)、プロピオニバクテリウム属(Propionibacterium)、クロストリジウム属(Clostridium)およびリゾプス属(Rhizopus)より選択され、
かつ、糖化後の液体培地(1)中に存在する糖は、ヘキソースおよびペントースなどのさらなる単糖の存在を伴うグルコースであり、
かつ、糖含有液体培地の単糖は、該糖含有液体培地中に存在する糖の総量に基づいて、少なくとも60重量%のグルコース含量を含み、
かつ、前記有機化合物を発酵液から単離する、上記方法。 - ステップ(a2)で得られる液体(1)の単糖、二糖およびオリゴ糖の総濃度が、100〜400g/kgの範囲である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 液体(1)の添加により発酵に導入される単糖、二糖またはオリゴ糖の量が、発酵に導入される単糖、二糖およびオリゴ糖の総量のうち、40〜95重量%を占める、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 代謝可能な単糖、二糖またはオリゴ糖を含む用いる組成物が、グルコースおよび/またはスクロース、およびデキストリンを含む糖製造の副産物である、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 代謝可能な単糖、二糖またはオリゴ糖を含む用いる組成物が、グルコースおよび/またはスクロースを含む糖製造の副産物である、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 代謝可能な単糖、二糖またはオリゴ糖を含む用いる組成物が、ビート糖製造からの糖蜜である、請求項4に記載の方法。
- ステップ(a2)において、前記水性液体に、ステップ(a1)で得られたミルベースの少なくとも一部分を、加水分解条件下で連続的にまたはバッチ方式に添加することにより、該ミルベースの少なくとも一部分を加水分解する、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- ステップ(a2)において、ミルベースの懸濁液を、該懸濁液に蒸気を導入することによりミルベース中に存在するデンプンのアルファ化(gelatinization)温度よりも高く上昇させる、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 微生物が、コリネバクテリウム属(genus Corynebacterium)の株である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 発酵液からの有機化合物の単離後に、発酵液の揮発性成分を除去して、固体または半固体のタンパク質組成物を得る、請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
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ES2471376T3 (es) | 2014-06-26 |
KR101388733B1 (ko) | 2014-04-25 |
CA2628954C (en) | 2015-08-18 |
WO2007060233A1 (de) | 2007-05-31 |
JP2009517010A (ja) | 2009-04-30 |
DK1957656T3 (da) | 2014-07-21 |
RU2008126154A (ru) | 2010-01-10 |
UA95932C2 (uk) | 2011-09-26 |
EP1957656B1 (de) | 2014-04-30 |
ZA200805545B (en) | 2014-03-26 |
MX2008006669A (en) | 2008-06-02 |
US20080299606A1 (en) | 2008-12-04 |
RU2433184C2 (ru) | 2011-11-10 |
CN101313073B (zh) | 2013-01-23 |
CN101313073A (zh) | 2008-11-26 |
US8741599B2 (en) | 2014-06-03 |
CA2628954A1 (en) | 2007-05-31 |
PL1957656T3 (pl) | 2014-10-31 |
KR20080073764A (ko) | 2008-08-11 |
MX316731B (en) | 2014-01-06 |
TW200804602A (en) | 2008-01-16 |
DE102005056668A1 (de) | 2007-05-31 |
EP1957656A1 (de) | 2008-08-20 |
BRPI0619017A2 (pt) | 2012-12-04 |
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