JP5772750B2 - 光電変換素子および太陽電池 - Google Patents
光電変換素子および太陽電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5772750B2 JP5772750B2 JP2012165905A JP2012165905A JP5772750B2 JP 5772750 B2 JP5772750 B2 JP 5772750B2 JP 2012165905 A JP2012165905 A JP 2012165905A JP 2012165905 A JP2012165905 A JP 2012165905A JP 5772750 B2 JP5772750 B2 JP 5772750B2
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- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004029 hydroxymethyl group Chemical group [H]OC([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- QWPPOHNGKGFGJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypochlorous acid Chemical compound ClO QWPPOHNGKGFGJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003453 indazolyl group Chemical group N1N=C(C2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 1
- RHZWSUVWRRXEJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium tin Chemical compound [In].[Sn] RHZWSUVWRRXEJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003406 indolizinyl group Chemical group C=1(C=CN2C=CC=CC12)* 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002346 iodo group Chemical group I* 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GGHPFIYIFKEQCM-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+);naphthalene-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [Fe+2].C1=CC=C2C(S(=O)(=O)[O-])=CC=CC2=C1.C1=CC=C2C(S(=O)(=O)[O-])=CC=CC2=C1 GGHPFIYIFKEQCM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003384 isochromanyl group Chemical group C1(OCCC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004491 isohexyl group Chemical group C(CCC(C)C)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000904 isoindolyl group Chemical group C=1(NC=C2C=CC=CC12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001972 isopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000555 isopropenyl group Chemical group [H]\C([H])=C(\*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000003253 isopropoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(O*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002183 isoquinolinyl group Chemical group C1(=NC=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001786 isothiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000842 isoxazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000005453 ketone based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[La+3].[La+3] MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013532 laser treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 1
- MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium perchlorate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 125000002960 margaryl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001434 methanylylidene group Chemical group [H]C#[*] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011859 microparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021421 monocrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004573 morpholin-4-yl group Chemical group N1(CCOCC1)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001421 myristyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- WCZAXBXVDLKQGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethyl-2-(7-oxobenzo[c]fluoren-5-yl)oxyethanamine oxide Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2C(OCC[N+](C)([O-])C)=CC2=C1C1=CC=CC=C1C2=O WCZAXBXVDLKQGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003136 n-heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001298 n-hexoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000006608 n-octyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002070 nanowire Substances 0.000 description 1
- PSZYNBSKGUBXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=CC2=C1 PSZYNBSKGUBXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001971 neopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000484 niobium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000006611 nonyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002801 octanoyl group Chemical group C(CCCCCCC)(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005447 octyloxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002971 oxazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);tantalum(5+) Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ta+5].[Ta+5] BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000913 palmityl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002958 pentadecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004115 pentoxy group Chemical group [*]OC([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000005010 perfluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- FVDOBFPYBSDRKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid Chemical class C=12C3=CC=C(C(O)=O)C2=C(C(O)=O)C=CC=1C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C2=C1C3=CC=C2C(=O)O FVDOBFPYBSDRKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005561 phenanthryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001791 phenazinyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=NC3=CC=CC=C3N=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001484 phenothiazinyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2SC3=CC=CC=C3NC12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005328 phosphinyl group Chemical group [PH2](=O)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001476 phosphono group Chemical group [H]OP(*)(=O)O[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000005499 phosphonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004193 piperazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003386 piperidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000009832 plasma treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052696 pnictogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003207 poly(ethylene-2,6-naphthalate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006122 polyamide resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006289 polycarbonate film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006393 polyether sulfone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011112 polyethylene naphthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920013716 polyethylene resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000009719 polyimide resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005990 polystyrene resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005033 polyvinylidene chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002250 progressing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001501 propionyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002572 propoxy group Chemical group [*]OC([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001042 pteridinyl group Chemical group N1=C(N=CC2=NC=CN=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000561 purinyl group Chemical group N1=C(N=C2N=CNC2=C1)* 0.000 description 1
- JEXVQSWXXUJEMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrazol-3-one Chemical group O=C1C=CN=N1 JEXVQSWXXUJEMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003226 pyrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001725 pyrenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002098 pyridazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003233 pyrroles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000719 pyrrolidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000168 pyrrolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002294 quinazolinyl group Chemical group N1=C(N=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002943 quinolinyl group Chemical group N1=C(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000027756 respiratory electron transport chain Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003303 ruthenium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- GGYFMLJDMAMTAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N selanylidenelead Chemical compound [Pb]=[Se] GGYFMLJDMAMTAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003346 selenoethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010898 silica gel chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEALVRVVWBQVSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium titanate Chemical compound [Sr+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O VEALVRVVWBQVSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000004763 sulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000213 sulfino group Chemical group [H]OS(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000000475 sulfinyl group Chemical group [*:2]S([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000001174 sulfone group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000472 sulfonyl group Chemical group *S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001936 tantalum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium atom Chemical group [Te] PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001973 tert-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- KBLZDCFTQSIIOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylazanium;perchlorate Chemical compound [O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O.CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC KBLZDCFTQSIIOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VLLMWSRANPNYQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiadiazole Chemical compound C1=CSN=N1.C1=CSN=N1 VLLMWSRANPNYQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000335 thiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005505 thiomorpholino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- YONPGGFAJWQGJC-UHFFFAOYSA-K titanium(iii) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)Cl YONPGGFAJWQGJC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005259 triarylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002889 tridecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000013638 trimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylamine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003774 valeryl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920006163 vinyl copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinyl-ethylene Natural products C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004034 viscosity adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
- H10K85/652—Cyanine dyes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K30/00—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation
- H10K30/10—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation comprising heterojunctions between organic semiconductors and inorganic semiconductors
- H10K30/15—Sensitised wide-bandgap semiconductor devices, e.g. dye-sensitised TiO2
- H10K30/151—Sensitised wide-bandgap semiconductor devices, e.g. dye-sensitised TiO2 the wide bandgap semiconductor comprising titanium oxide, e.g. TiO2
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/631—Amine compounds having at least two aryl rest on at least one amine-nitrogen atom, e.g. triphenylamine
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K30/00—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation
- H10K30/50—Photovoltaic [PV] devices
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/542—Dye sensitized solar cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/549—Organic PV cells
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Hybrid Cells (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
Description
R3は、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、炭素数1〜24の直鎖もしくは分岐状のアルキル基、炭素数6〜24のアリール基、または炭素数7〜24のアラルキル基であり;
環b1中の水素原子の少なくとも一つは、置換基で置換されていてもよく、この際、複数の置換基が互いに結合して置換基を有してもよい環を形成してもよく、または複数の環b1が縮環していてもよく;
Zは、酸性基および電子吸引性基または電子吸引性環構造を有する有機残基であり;
mは、0〜4の整数であり、mが2以上の場合、それぞれの環が独立して置換基を有してもよい;
で表され;
前記固体正孔輸送層は、下記一般式(2)で表される化合物または前記化合物の多量体を重合して形成される重合物を含有する、光電変換素子により達成される。
X1およびX2は、それぞれ独立して、水素原子、炭素数1〜24の直鎖もしくは分岐状のアルキル基、炭素数6〜24のアリール基、−OR4基、−SR5基、−SeR6基、または−TeR7基であり、R4〜R7は、それぞれ独立して、水素原子または炭素数1〜24の直鎖もしくは分岐状のアルキル基であり、この際、X1およびX2は、互いに結合して環構造を形成していてもよい。
本発明の光電変換素子について、図1を参照しながら説明する。
基板は、光入射方向の側に設けられ、光電変換素子の光電変換効率の観点から、光透過率が10%以上であることが好ましく、更に好ましくは50%以上であり、特に80%〜100%であることが好ましい。
第一電極は、基板と光電変換層との間に配置される。ここで、第一電極は、基板の光入射方向に対して反対側となる一方の面上に設けられる。第一電極としては、その光透過率が80%以上、さらに90%以上(上限:100%)のものが好ましく用いられる。光透過率は、上記基板の説明の記載と同様のものである。
光電変換層は、半導体および増感色素を含有し、当該増感色素を担持した当該半導体を含有する半導体層からなる。
本発明に使用される増感色素は、下述するような半導体の増感処理により、半導体に担持されており、光照射時、光励起され起電力を生じ得るものであり、下記一般式(1)で表わされる化合物である。
R1およびR2としての、炭素数1〜32のアルコキシ基は特に制限されず、メトキシ基、エトキシ基、プロポキシ基、イソプロポキシ基、ブトキシ基、ペンチルオキシ基、ヘキシルオキシ基、2−エチルヘキシルオキシ基、オクチルオキシ基、ノニルオキシ基、デシルオキシ基、ウンデシルオキシ基、ドデシルオキシ基、トリデシルオキシ基、テトラデシルオキシ基、ペンタデシルオキシ基、ヘキサデシルオキシ基、ヘプタデシルオキシ基、オクタデシルオキシ基などが挙げられる。これらのうち、炭素数4〜32のアルコキシ基が好ましく、オクタデシルオキシ基がより好ましい。
すなわち、本発明の一実施形態において、一般式(1)または一般式(3)のZは下記構造を有する。
トリフェニルアミンに9当量のオキシ塩化リンおよび12当量のN,N−ジメチルホルムアミドを加え、窒素雰囲気下にて8時間60℃で加熱することにより、ジホルミル体を得る。次いで、ジホルミル体、3.6当量のシアノ酢酸および6.6当量の酢酸アンモニウムからなる酢酸溶液を1時間加熱還流することにより、化合物(D−1)を得る。
下記スキームに従って化合物(D−7)を得る。
半導体層に用いられる半導体としては、シリコン、ゲルマニウムのような単体、周期表(元素周期表ともいう)の第3族〜第5族、第13族〜第15族系の元素を有する化合物、金属のカルコゲニド(例えば、酸化物、硫化物、セレン化物等)、金属窒化物等を使用することができる。好ましい金属のカルコゲニドとして、チタン、スズ、亜鉛、鉄、タングステン、ジルコニウム、ハフニウム、ストロンチウム、インジウム、セリウム、イットリウム、ランタン、バナジウム、ニオブ、またはタンタルの酸化物、カドミウム、亜鉛、鉛、銀、アンチモンまたはビスマスの硫化物、カドミウムまたは鉛のセレン化物、カドミウムのテルル化物等が挙げられる。他の化合物半導体としては、亜鉛、ガリウム、インジウム、カドミウム等のリン化物、ガリウム−ヒ素または銅−インジウムのセレン化物、銅−インジウムの硫化物、チタンの窒化物等が挙げられる。
光電変換層(半導体層)の作製方法について説明する。
まず、半導体、好ましくは半導体の微粉末を含む塗布液(半導体含有塗布液)を調製する。この半導体微粉末はその1次粒子径が微細な程好ましく、その1次粒子径は1〜5000nmが好ましく、さらに好ましくは2〜100nmである。半導体微粉末を含む塗布液は、半導体微粉末を溶媒中に分散させることによって調製することができる。
上記のようにして得られた半導体含有塗布液を、導電性支持体上に塗布または吹き付け、乾燥等を行った後、空気中または不活性ガス中で焼成して、導電性支持体上に半導体層(半導体膜とも言う)が形成される。ここで、塗布方法としては、特に制限されないが、ドクターブレード法、スキージ法、スピンコート法、スクリーン印刷法など公知の方法が挙げられる。
半導体層1m2当たりの本発明の色素の総担持量は、特に制限されないが、0.01〜100ミリモルの範囲が好ましく、さらに好ましくは0.1〜50ミリモルであり、特に好ましくは0.5〜20ミリモルである。
増感処理の条件は、特に制限されない。例えば、半導体を焼成した基板を増感色素を含む溶液に浸漬する時間は、半導体層(半導体膜)に深く進入して吸着等を充分に進行させ、半導体を十分に増感させることが好ましい。また、溶液中での色素の分解等により生成して分解物が色素の吸着を妨害することを抑制する観点から、増感処理温度は、0〜80℃が好ましく、20〜60℃がより好ましい。また、同様の観点から、増感処理時間は、15分〜20時間が好ましく、3〜24時間がより好ましい。特に、室温(25℃)条件下で2〜48時間、特に3〜24時間、増感処理を行うことが好ましい。この効果は、特に半導体層が多孔質構造膜である場合において顕著である。ただし、浸漬時間については25℃条件での値であり、温度条件を変化させた場合には、上記の限りではない。また、吸着時間を短縮させたり、多孔質電極の深部まで吸着させる観点から、減圧下や真空下で増感処理を行ってもよい。
固体正孔輸送層は、光吸収することにより電子を半導体に注入した後に生成する増感色素の酸化体を迅速に還元し、増感色素との界面で注入された正孔を第二電極に輸送する機能を担う層である。
X1およびX2は、水素原子、炭素数1〜24の直鎖もしくは分岐状のアルキル基、炭素数6〜24のアリール基、−OR4基、−SR5基、−SeR6基、または−TeR7基を表わす。なお、X1およびX2は、同一であってもまたは異なるものであってもよい。R4〜R7は、水素原子または炭素数1〜24の直鎖もしくは分岐状のアルキル基を表す。ここで、X1およびX2は、互いに結合して環構造を形成していてもよい。
撹拌装置、温度計、および還流冷却管を装着した1000mLのガラス製三口フラスコに、無水テトラヒドロフラン750mL、および3,4−エチレンジオキシチオフェン25g(0.15mol)を添加し、窒素気流下で撹拌しながらアセトン/ドライアイス浴中で内温が−70℃となるまで冷却する。この後、1.6mol/L n−ブチルリチウムヘキサン溶液113mL(0.18mol)をシリンジで5分間かけて反応系に滴下する。25分後、無水塩化銅23.5g(0.17mol)を添加し、そのまま3時間程度撹拌しながら反応させる。反応液を水10Lに添加し、生成物を濾過した後、乾燥させ、シリカゲルクロマトグラフィー(移動相:塩化メチレン)により精製することにより、PEDOTダイマー17.9g(収率:約72%)を黄白色結晶として得た。
重合方法としては、特に制限されず、例えば、特開2000−106223号公報に記載の方法など、公知の重合方法が適用できる。具体的には、重合触媒を用いる化学重合法、少なくとも作用極と対極とを備えて両電極間に電圧を印加することにより反応させる電解重合法、光照射単独あるいは重合触媒、加熱、電解等を組み合わせた光重合法等が挙げられる。これらのうち、電解重合法を用いた重合法が好ましく、より好ましくは電解重合法と光照射を組み合わせた光重合法である。電解重合法と光を照射して重合する光重合法を組み合わせて使用することにより、酸化チタン表面に緻密に重合体の層を形成できる。
本発明の光電変換素子は、短絡防止手段として、膜状(層状)をなし、第一電極と半導体層との間に位置するバリア層を有することが好ましい。
第二電極は、導電性を有するものであればよく、任意の導電性材料が用いられる。絶縁性の物質でも、固体正孔輸送層に面している側に導電性物質層が設置されていれば、これも使用可能である。また、第二電極は、固体正孔輸送層との接触性が良いことが好ましい。第二電極は、固体正孔輸送層との仕事関数の差が小さく、化学的に安定であることも好ましい。このような材料としては、特に制限されないが、金、銀、銅、アルミニウム、白金、ロジウム、マグネシウム、インジウム等の金属薄膜、導電性の金属酸化物(インジウム−スズ複合酸化物、酸化スズにフッ素をドープしたもの等)、炭素、カーボンブラック、導電性高分子等の有機導電体などが挙げられる。また、第二電極の厚みもまた、特に制限されないが、10〜1000nmであることが好ましい。また、第二電極の表面抵抗は、特に制限されないが、低いことが好ましい具体的には、第二電極の表面抵抗の範囲は、好ましくは80Ω/cm2以下であり、さらに好ましくは20Ω/cm2以下である。なお、第二電極の表面抵抗の下限は、可能な限り低いことが好ましいため、特に規定する必要はないが、0.01Ω/cm2以上であれば十分である。
本発明の光電変換素子は、太陽電池に特に好適に使用できる。したがって、本発明は、上記光電変換素子を有する太陽電池をも提供する。
表面抵抗9Ω/squareの市販のフッ素ドープ酸化スズ(FTO)導電性ガラス基板(FTOの塗布量:7g/m2 基板、第一電極の厚み:0.9μm、導電性支持体の厚み:1.1mm)を導電性支持体とした。これを、アルカリ洗剤(関東化学製 シカクリーンLX−3)/超純水=10/90洗浄液に超音波を照射しながら15分間で洗浄した。その後超純水で洗浄した。洗浄液での洗浄と超純水での洗浄を3回繰り返した。その後、合成石英ガラス紫外線ランプを用いて、UV/オゾン洗浄を15分間実施した。
実施例1における光電変換素子SC−1の作製において、増感色素および/または固体正孔輸送層を構成する重合体を形成するモノマーを表1に記載のものに変更した以外は同様にして、光電変換素子SC−2〜25を作製した。なお、本実施例において、固体正孔輸送層を構成する重合体はすべて、モノマーの二量体(H2−1〜H2−7)を用いて合成された。
実施例1における光電変換素子SC−1の作製において、増感色素を表1に記載の化合物(DR−1)に変更した。また、固体正孔輸送層を表1に記載の化合物(HR−1)から形成した。すなわち、スピンコーティングによって形成した。これら以外は実施例1に記載された方法と同様にして、光電変換素子SC−26を作製した。
ソーラーシュミレータ(英弘精機製)を用い、強度100mW/cm2のキセノンランプ照射下、酸化物半導体電極(光電変換電極)に5×5mm2のマスクをかけた条件下で光電変換特性の測定を行った。
更に劣化操作として、光電変換素子SC−1〜20を、80℃で2時間加熱した後、強度100mW/cm2のキセノンランプで120分間光照射し、劣化後の光電変換効率(η(%))を求めた。
2 第一電極、
3 バリア層、
4 増感色素、
5 半導体、
6 光電変換層、
7 固体正孔輸送層、
8 第二電極、
9 太陽光の入射方向、
10 光電変換素子。
Claims (9)
- 基板上に、第一電極、半導体および増感色素を含有する光電変換層、固体正孔輸送層、ならびに第二電極、を有する光電変換素子において、
前記増感色素は、下記一般式(1):
R3は、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、炭素数1〜24の直鎖もしくは分岐状のアルキル基、炭素数6〜24のアリール基、または炭素数7〜24のアラルキル基であり;
環b1中の水素原子の少なくとも一つは、置換基で置換されていてもよく、この際、複数の置換基が互いに結合して置換基を有してもよい環を形成してもよく、または複数の環b1が縮環していてもよく;
Zは、酸性基および電子吸引性基または電子吸引性環構造を有する有機残基であり;
mは、0〜4の整数であり、mが2以上の場合、それぞれの環が独立して置換基を有してもよい;
で表され、
前記固体正孔輸送層は、下記一般式(2):
X1およびX2は、それぞれ独立して、水素原子、炭素数1〜24の直鎖もしくは分岐状のアルキル基、炭素数6〜24のアリール基、−OR4基、−SR5基、−SeR6基、または−TeR7基であり、R4〜R7は、それぞれ独立して、水素原子または炭素数1〜24の直鎖もしくは分岐状のアルキル基であり、この際、X1およびX2は、互いに結合して環構造を形成していてもよい、
で表される化合物または前記化合物の多量体を重合して形成される重合物を含有する、光電変換素子。 - 前記一般式(1)中、R1およびR2は、それぞれ独立して、炭素数2〜24のアルキル基、炭素数6〜24のアリール基、炭素数1〜32のアルコキシ基、炭素数2〜32のアルケニル基であり、この際、R1およびR2は互いに結合して環構造を形成していてもよい、請求項1に記載の光電変換素子。
- 前記一般式(1)中、mが2〜4である請求項1または2に記載の光電変換素子。
- 前記一般式(1)中、少なくとも1つの環b1は、置換基として炭素数6〜24の直鎖のアルキル基を有する請求項3に記載の光電変換素子。
- 前記増感色素は、下記一般式(3):
R8は、水素原子、炭素数1〜24の直鎖もしくは分岐状のアルキル基、炭素数6〜24のアリール基、炭素数7〜24のアラルキル基、炭素数1〜18のアルコキシ基、またはハロゲン原子であり;R9、R10は、それぞれ独立して、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、炭素数1〜24の直鎖もしくは分岐状のアルキル基、炭素数2〜24のアルケニル基、炭素数6〜24のアリール基である、
で表される、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の光電変換素子。 - 前記一般式(3)中、R8は、炭素数6〜24の直鎖のアルキル基、または、炭素数6〜24のアルコキシ基である、請求項5に記載の光電変換素子。
- 前記一般式(1)または前記一般式(3)のZは、下記構造:
である、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の光電変換素子。 - 前記一般式(1)または前記一般式(3)のZは、下記構造:
である、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の光電変換素子。 - 請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の光電変換素子を備える太陽電池。
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JP2000150007A (ja) | 1998-11-12 | 2000-05-30 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | 光電変換素子およびその製造方法ならびに光電気化学電池 |
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KR101043264B1 (ko) | 2003-03-14 | 2011-06-21 | 니폰 가야꾸 가부시끼가이샤 | 색소증감 광전 변환 소자 |
JP2005135656A (ja) | 2003-10-28 | 2005-05-26 | Shozo Yanagida | 光電変換素子 |
JP2008186717A (ja) * | 2007-01-30 | 2008-08-14 | Konica Minolta Business Technologies Inc | 色素増感型光電変換素子及び色素増感型太陽電池 |
US8242355B2 (en) * | 2007-05-31 | 2012-08-14 | Konica Minolta Business Technologies, Inc. | Photoelectric conversion element and solar cell |
JP5181550B2 (ja) * | 2007-07-04 | 2013-04-10 | コニカミノルタビジネステクノロジーズ株式会社 | 光電変換素子 |
JP2009093909A (ja) * | 2007-10-09 | 2009-04-30 | Konica Minolta Business Technologies Inc | 色素増感光電変換素子及びその製造方法 |
JP5194893B2 (ja) * | 2008-03-06 | 2013-05-08 | コニカミノルタビジネステクノロジーズ株式会社 | 色素増感光電変換素子及び太陽電池 |
JP2010067542A (ja) * | 2008-09-12 | 2010-03-25 | Konica Minolta Business Technologies Inc | 光電変換素子、その製造方法及び太陽電池 |
US8668846B2 (en) * | 2009-04-28 | 2014-03-11 | Konica Minolta Business Technologies, Inc. | Photoelectric conversion element and solar cell |
JP5815514B2 (ja) * | 2009-06-19 | 2015-11-17 | ドンジン セミケム カンパニー リミテッド | 新規の有機色素およびその製造方法 |
JP5458406B2 (ja) * | 2009-12-11 | 2014-04-02 | 独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 | 有機色素化合物及びそれを用いた半導体薄膜電極、光電変換素子、光電気化学太陽電池 |
US20120325319A1 (en) * | 2011-06-23 | 2012-12-27 | Konica Minolta Business Technologies, Inc. | Photoelectric conversion element, method for producing photoelectric conversion element and solar cell |
-
2012
- 2012-07-06 EP EP12175387.5A patent/EP2551865A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2012-07-25 US US13/557,459 patent/US9190617B2/en active Active
- 2012-07-26 JP JP2012165905A patent/JP5772750B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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EP2551865A2 (en) | 2013-01-30 |
US20130025682A1 (en) | 2013-01-31 |
EP2551865A3 (en) | 2016-05-25 |
US9190617B2 (en) | 2015-11-17 |
JP2013051199A (ja) | 2013-03-14 |
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