JP5728510B2 - 妊婦由来のdnaを分析する方法 - Google Patents
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Description
− 妊婦由来のデオキシリボ核酸(DNA)を分析する方法であって、次の(a)と(b)の工程、すなわち、
(a)濃縮された胎児DNAを得る工程であって、実質的に細胞の入っていない妊婦の血漿または血清サンプルから300未満の塩基対のDNA分画を分離及び単離し、当該濃縮された胎児DNAは、妊婦の血漿又は血清中における母親のDNAと比べて濃縮されており、且つ、多数の遺伝子座を有している、濃縮された胎児DNAを得る工程、及び、
(b)前記濃縮された胎児DNAを染色体異常の有無について分析する工程によって、前記妊婦由来のDNAを分析する、方法;および
− 妊婦由来のデオキシリボ核酸(DNA)を分析する方法であって、次の(a)と(b)の工程、すなわち、
(a)濃縮された胎児DNAを得る工程であって、実質的に細胞の入っていない妊婦の血漿または血清サンプルから500未満の塩基対のDNA分画を分離及び単離し、当該濃縮された胎児DNAは、妊婦の血漿又は血清中における母親のDNAと比べて濃縮されており、且つ、多数の遺伝子座を有している、濃縮された胎児DNAを得る工程、及び、
(b)前記濃縮された胎児DNAを染色体異常の有無について分析する工程によって、前記妊婦由来のDNAを分析する、方法。
−クロマトグラフィーまたは電気泳動、例えばアガロースもしくはポリアクリルアミドでのクロマトグラフィー、イオンペア逆相高速クロマトグラフィー(IP RP HPLC)、(K.H. Hecker, S.M. Green, K. Kobayashi、J. Biochem. Biophys. Methods 2000(Nov. 20)、46(1-2):83〜93参照)、セルフコーティング低粘性ポリマーマトリックスでの毛細管電気泳動(M. Du, J.H. Flanagan Jr, B, Lin, Y. Ma、Electrophoresis 2003(Sep)、24(18):3147〜53参照)、超小型化電気泳動装置での選択的抽出(R. Lin, D.T. Burke, MA. Burn, J. Chromatogr. A.、2003(Aug 29)、1020(2):255〜68参照)、粘性低下ポリマーマトリックスによるマイクロチップ電気泳動(F. Xu, M. Jabasini, S. Liu, Y. Baba、Analyst.、2003(Jun)、128(6):589〜92参照)、吸着膜クロマトグラフィー(MA. Teeters, S.E. Conrardy, B.L. Thomas, T.W. Root, EN. Lightfoot, J. Chromatogr. A.、2003(Mar 7)、989(1):165〜73参照)など;
−密度勾配遠心分離(L. Raptis, HA. Menard, J. Clin、Invest.、1980(Dec)、66(6):1391〜9参照);および
−ナノテクノロジーを用いる方法、例えば超小型エントロピートラップアレー(J. Han, HG. Craighead、Analytical Chemistry、74巻、No.2、2002(Jan 15)参照)など。
−染色体異常(例えば異数性またはダウン症候群)、または遺伝性メンデル型遺伝疾患およびそれぞれ前記に附随する遺伝子マーカー(例えば単一遺伝子異常、例えば嚢胞性線維症または異常ヘモグロビン症);および
−父系が決定されたとき決定的となる胎児遺伝形質。
例1:アガロースゲル電気泳動によるサイズ分画後の母親の血漿におけるリアルタイム定量的ポリメラーゼ連鎖反応(PCR)による男子胎児DNAの検出
材料と方法
対象者およびサンプルの処理:
男子胎児をもつ第三期トリメスターの妊婦7人を本実験のために募集した。16から18mLの血液サンプルをEDTAチューブに採集した。1600gで10分の遠心および1600gで10分の第二回目の遠心後に6から9mLの血漿を得た。
キアゲンマキシ(QIAgen Maxi)キットを用い製造元のプロトコルにしたがって、5から7mLの血漿からDNAを抽出した。DNAは1.5mLの容積に溶出させた。
1.血漿DNAに以下を添加した:1/10容積のNaAc(3M、pH5.2)、2容積の無水エタノール、MgCl2(最終濃度0.01M)およびグリコゲン(最終濃度50μg/mL)。前記溶液をボルテックスミキサーで完全に溶解させた。
2.前記溶液を-70℃で一晩保存した。
3.前記DNAを20000gで30分、4℃で遠心分離によって回収した。
4.上清を注意深く取り除き、ペレットを500μLの70%エタノールで洗浄した。
5.前記ペレットを風乾し、35μLの蒸留水に溶解した。
1.DNA電気泳動のために1%のアガロースゲル(Invitrogen, カタログ番号:15510-027)を調製した。
2.前記ゲルに28μLのDNA溶液をロードした。
3.80ボルトで1時間ゲルを電気泳動した。
4.DNAサイズマーカー(New England Biolabs, 100bpラダーおよびラムダのHindIII消化物)にしたがって、特定のDNAサイズに対応する小片を切り出した。前記特定のゲルフラグメントに含まれるDNAサイズは以下のとおりであった:90から300塩基(ベース)、300から500ベース、500から1000ベース、1.0から1.5キロベース(“kb”)、1.5から23kbおよび>23kb。
5.キアエクス(QIAEX)IIゲル抽出キット(Qiagen、カタログ番号:20021)を用いて前記DNAをアガロースゲル片から精製し、35μLのトリス塩酸(pH8.0、10mM)に溶出させた。
Y染色体由来配列(SRY)および染色体由来配列(GAPDH遺伝子)をアプライドバイオシステムズ(Applied Biosystems, ABI)7000配列検出系を用いリアルタイムの定量的PCRにより増幅し、サイズ分離分画における胎児DNAおよび全DNAの量を定量した。SRYのためのタックマン(TaqMan)系は以下から成っていた:増幅プライマー、SRY_Fwd:TCC TCA AAA GAA ACC GTG CATおよびSRY_Rev:AGA TTA ATG GTT GCT AAG GAC TGG AT、並びにFAM標識TaqMan MGB(小溝結合物質、Minor Groove Binder)プローブSRY_MGB:TCC CCA CAA CCT CTT。GAPDH遺伝子のためのTaqMan系は以下のプライマーおよびプローブから成っていた:GAPDH_Fwd:CCC CAC ACA CAT GCA CTT ACC、GAPDH_Rev:CCT AGT CCC AGG GCT TTG ATTおよびGAPDH_MGB:TAG GAA GGA CAG GCA AC。
表1は、調べた5件の妊娠で、胎児に由来するDNAフラグメントはほぼ完全に500塩基対よりも小さいサイズであり、300塩基よりも小さいサイズについては約70%が胎児由来であったことを示している。
材料と方法
対象者およびサンプルの処理:
妊婦由来の18mLの血液サンプルおよびその配偶者由来の9mLの血液をEDTAチューブに採集し、例1で述べたように遠心分離によって血漿を分離した。母親のバッフィーコート(すなわち、1600gで10分の第一回遠心後に得られた細胞ペレットの白色上部層)をPBSで2回洗浄した。
血漿由来DNAをハイピュア(High Pure )DNA鋳型キット(Roche)の改良物を用いて抽出し、真空を用いて200μL用に通常使用されるフィルターに前記全サンプルを通した。50μLの溶出緩衝液中に前記DNAを溶出させた。
DNAはアガロースゲルで電気泳動によってサイズ分離した。
500塩基よりも小さいサイズの分画から、21番染色体上の4ヌクレオチドリピート由来配列を文献(Li et al.、Clinical Chemistry、49(4):2003)に記載されたように多重PCR反応で増幅させた。血漿DNAの濃度が低いので、母親の血漿中の胎児DNAはセミネストPCRプロトコルを用いて調べた。
用いたSTRマーカーは以下のとおりであった:
D211S11;
D21S1270;
D21S1432;および
D21S1435
STRフラグメントの分析によって、母親のリピート配列とは長さが異なる父親の対立遺伝子の検出が可能になり、さらにピーク領域間の比率を計算することによって、正常な胎児の核型と一致しないパターンを特定することが可能になる。母親の循環系に存在するSTRの父親由来の対立遺伝子のサイズを特定することによってある種の染色体異常を非侵襲的に検出することが可能になる。さらにまた父系検査を非侵襲的態様で出生前に実施することができる。
Claims (34)
- 妊婦由来のデオキシリボ核酸(DNA)を分析する方法であって、
次の(a)と(b)の工程、すなわち、
(a)濃縮された胎児DNAを得る工程であって、実質的に細胞の入っていない妊婦の血漿または血清サンプルから300未満の塩基対のDNA分画を分離及び単離し、当該濃縮された胎児DNAは、妊婦の血漿又は血清中における母親のDNAと比べて濃縮されており、且つ、多数の遺伝子座を有している、濃縮された胎児DNAを得る工程、及び、
(b)前記濃縮された胎児DNAを染色体異常の有無について分析する工程によって、前記妊婦由来のDNAを分析する、方法。 - 濃縮された胎児DNAが、実質的に細胞の入っていない血漿サンプル由来である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 濃縮された胎児DNAが、実質的に細胞の入っていない血清サンプル由来である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 濃縮された胎児DNAを分析する工程が、当該濃縮したDNAを増幅する工程を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記増幅する工程が、ポリメラーゼ連鎖反応の使用を含む、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記増幅する工程が、リガーゼ連鎖反応の使用を含む、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記濃縮されたDNAを分析する工程が、プローブハイブリダイゼーションの使用を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記濃縮されたDNAを分析する工程が、核酸アレーの使用を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記濃縮されたDNAを得る工程が、クロマトグラフィーを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記クロマトグラフィーが、高速液体クロマトグラフィーを含む、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記濃縮されたDNAを得る工程が、電気泳動を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記電気泳動が、毛細管電気泳動を含む、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記濃縮された胎児DNAを得る工程が、遠心分離を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記遠心分離が、密度勾配遠心分離を含む、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記濃縮されたDNAを得る工程が、ナノテクノロジー手法を含んでいる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記染色体異常が異数性である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記染色体異常がダウン症候群を引き起こす、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 妊婦由来のデオキシリボ核酸(DNA)を分析する方法であって、
次の(a)と(b)の工程、すなわち、
(a)濃縮された胎児DNAを得る工程であって、実質的に細胞の入っていない妊婦の血漿または血清サンプルから500未満の塩基対のDNA分画を分離及び単離し、当該濃縮された胎児DNAは、妊婦の血漿又は血清中における母親のDNAと比べて濃縮されており、且つ、多数の遺伝子座を有している、濃縮された胎児DNAを得る工程、及び、
(b)前記濃縮された胎児DNAを染色体異常の有無について分析する工程によって、前記妊婦由来のDNAを分析する、方法。 - 濃縮された胎児DNAが、実質的に細胞の入っていない血漿サンプル由来である、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 濃縮された胎児DNAが、実質的に細胞の入っていない血清サンプル由来である、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 濃縮された胎児DNAを分析する工程が、当該濃縮したDNAを増幅する工程を含む、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 前記増幅する工程が、ポリメラーゼ連鎖反応の使用を含む、請求項21に記載の方法。
- 前記増幅する工程が、リガーゼ連鎖反応の使用を含む、請求項21に記載の方法。
- 前記濃縮されたDNAを分析する工程が、プローブハイブリダイゼーションの使用を含む、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 前記濃縮されたDNAを分析する工程が、核酸アレーの使用を含む、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 前記濃縮されたDNAを得る工程が、クロマトグラフィーを含む、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 前記クロマトグラフィーが、高速液体クロマトグラフィーを含む、請求項26に記載の方法。
- 前記濃縮されたDNAを得る工程が、電気泳動を含む、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 前記電気泳動が、毛細管電気泳動を含む、請求項28に記載の方法。
- 前記濃縮された胎児DNAを得る工程が、遠心分離を含む、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 前記遠心分離が、密度勾配遠心分離を含む、請求項30に記載の方法。
- 前記濃縮されたDNAを得る工程が、ナノテクノロジー手法を含んでいる、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 前記染色体異常が異数性である、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 前記染色体異常がダウン症候群を引き起こす、請求項18に記載の方法。
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JP2011087584A (ja) | 2011-05-06 |
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US7838647B2 (en) | 2010-11-23 |
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EP1524321A1 (en) | 2005-04-20 |
DE60328193D1 (de) | 2009-08-13 |
JP2013121359A (ja) | 2013-06-20 |
US20170321279A1 (en) | 2017-11-09 |
EP1524321B1 (en) | 2009-07-01 |
ATE435301T1 (de) | 2009-07-15 |
US20080071076A1 (en) | 2008-03-20 |
JP2005160470A (ja) | 2005-06-23 |
US9738931B2 (en) | 2017-08-22 |
EP1524321B2 (en) | 2014-07-23 |
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