JP5677589B2 - 炭素系材料、電極触媒、酸素還元電極触媒、ガス拡散電極、水溶液電解装置、並びに炭素系材料の製造方法 - Google Patents
炭素系材料、電極触媒、酸素還元電極触媒、ガス拡散電極、水溶液電解装置、並びに炭素系材料の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5677589B2 JP5677589B2 JP2013549232A JP2013549232A JP5677589B2 JP 5677589 B2 JP5677589 B2 JP 5677589B2 JP 2013549232 A JP2013549232 A JP 2013549232A JP 2013549232 A JP2013549232 A JP 2013549232A JP 5677589 B2 JP5677589 B2 JP 5677589B2
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- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001132 ultrasonic dispersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
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Description
各種デバイスにおいて酸素還元反応を進行させる場合、通常は触媒として白金が広く使用されている。
(酸化反応)2Cl- → Cl2+2e-
これにより、アノード室13で塩素ガスが生成する。またアノード室13で生成した塩素ガスがアノード室13内で電解液15に溶解することで、次亜塩素酸が生成する。塩素ガスはハロゲンガス導出口8を通じて容器2外へ導出され、次亜塩素酸を含有する水溶液はハロゲン化合物水溶液導出口6を通じて容器2外へ導出される。
容器内で、グラファイト(Wako40mm)3g、濃硫酸138mL、及び硝酸カリウム3.47gを混合することで、混合液を得た。この容器を氷浴につけた状態で、容器内に更に過マンガン酸カリウム12gをゆっくり添加した。続いて、容器内の混合液を40℃で30分攪拌し、続いて容器内にイオン交換水240mLを加え、続いて混合液を90℃に昇温すると共に1時間攪拌した。続いて、容器内にイオン交換水600mL、及び30%過酸化水素水18mLを加えることで、反応を終了させた。続いて、混合液を塩酸及び水で洗浄後してから、透析によってイオンを除去した。更に、混合液に超音波を印加することで、酸化グラフェンを剥離させた。
0.1M塩化鉄(III)水溶液の使用量を、実施例2ではグラフェンに対するFe原子の割合が17質量%になるように、実施例3ではグラフェンに対するFe原子の割合が30質量%になるように、それぞれ調整した。それ以外は実施例1と同じ方法及び同じ条件で、炭素系材料を得た。
0.1M塩化鉄(III)水溶液を使用しなかったこと以外は、実施例2と同じ方法及び同じ条件で、炭素系材料を得た。
0.15Mペンタエチレンヘキサミンのエタノール溶液を使用しなかったこと以外は、実施例2と同じ方法及び同じ条件で、炭素系材料を得た。
酸化グラフェン、塩化鉄(III)、及びペンタエチレンヘキサミンを含有するサンプルを加熱する際の加熱時間を、2時間とした。それ以外は、実施例2と同じ方法及び同じ条件で、炭素系材料を得た。
グラファイト(Wako40mm)、このグラファイトを原料として上記方法で得られた酸化グラフェン、実施例2で得られた炭素系材料、比較例1で得られた炭素系材料、及び比較例2で得られた炭素系材料の、ラマン分光測定をおこなった。それにより得られたラマンスペクトルを、図3に示す。図3中のAはグラファイトについてのラマンスペクトルを、Bは酸化グラフェンについてのラマンスペクトルを、Cは実施例2で得られた炭素系材料についてのラマンスペクトルを、Dは比較例1で得られた炭素系材料についてのラマンスペクトルを、Eは比較例2で得られた炭素系材料についてのラマンスペクトルを、それぞれ示す。
酸化グラフェン、実施例2で得られた炭素系材料、比較例1で得られた炭素系材料、及び比較例2で得られた炭素系材料の、X線光電子分光測定(XPS測定)をおこなった。それにより得られたXPSスペクトルを、図4〜7に示す。
(炭素系材料の測定)
実施例2で得られた炭素系材料を酸洗浄してから、この炭素系材料の、CuKα線を用いるX線回折測定をおこなった。その結果、得られた回折強度曲線を図8に示す。図8には、参考例2として、実施例2で得られた炭素系材料を酸洗浄することなく、この炭素系材料のX線回折測定をおこなった結果も、併せて示す。尚、図8において、Aは実施例2で得られた炭素系材料の場合の回折強度曲線を、Bは参考例2で得られた炭素系材料の場合の回折強度曲線を、それぞれ示す。
グラファイト(Wako40mm)、このグラファイトを原料として上記方法で得られた酸化グラフェン、実施例2で得られた炭素系材料、及び参考例1で得られた炭素系材料の、CuKα線を用いるX線回折測定を、同じ条件でおこなった。測定にあたっては、予め各材料を酸洗浄した。これにより得られた回折強度曲線を、図9〜12に示す。図9はグラファイトについての回折強度曲線を、図10は酸化グラフェンについての回折強度曲線を、図11は実施例2で得られた炭素系材料についての回折強度曲線を、図12は参考例1で得られた炭素系材料についての回折強度曲線を、それぞれ示す。尚、図9Aは、グラファイトについての回折強度曲線の全体の形状を示す。また、図9Bに示される回折強度曲線は、図9Aに示される回折強度曲線を縦軸方向に引き延ばしたものである。また、図13に、前記四種の回折強度曲線を重ねて示す。
実施例2で得られた炭素系材料の、電子顕微鏡写真を、図14に示す。これによると、炭素系材料は非常に厚みの薄いシート状の形状を有していることが、確認できる。
実施例1〜3、及び比較例1で得られた炭素系材料を触媒として用いた場合の酸素還元活性を、次のようにして評価した。
Claims (13)
- 金属原子と、窒素原子、ホウ素原子、硫黄原子、及びリン原子から選択される少なくとも一種の非金属原子とがドープされているグラフェンから成り、
CuKα線を用いてX線回折測定されることで得られる回折強度曲線における、(002)面のピークの強度に対する、不活性金属化合物及び金属結晶に由来する最大のピークの強度の比が、0.1以下である炭素系材料。 - CuKα線を用いてX線回折測定されることで得られる回折強度曲線における、(002)面のピークの強度が、グラファイトがCuKα線を用いてX線回折測定されることで得られる回折強度曲線における、(002)面のピークの強度の、0.002以下である請求項1に記載の炭素系材料。
- XPS測定により評価される炭素原子に対する前記金属原子の割合が、0.5質量%以上10質量%以下の範囲である請求項1又は2に記載の炭素系材料。
- XPS測定により評価される炭素原子に対する前記非金属原子の割合が、1質量%以上の範囲である請求項1乃至3のいずれか一項に記載の炭素系材料。
- 前記金属原子が鉄原子を含有する請求項1乃至4のいずれか一項に記載の炭素系材料。
- 請求項1乃至5のいずれか一項に記載の炭素系材料を含む電極触媒。
- 請求項1乃至5のいずれか一項に記載の炭素系材料を含む酸素還元電極触媒。
- 請求項6又は7に記載の触媒を備えるガス拡散電極。
- アルカリハロゲン化物水溶液が供給される容器と、
前記容器内に貯留される電解液を電解するための第1の電極及び第2の電極と、
前記第1の電極がカソードとなると共に前記第2の電極がアノードとなるように電圧を印加する電源と、
前記容器内において前記第1の電極と前記第2の電極との間に位置する陽イオン交換膜とを備え、
前記第1の電極が請求項8に記載のガス拡散電極からなる水溶液電解装置。 - 酸化グラフェンと、金属化合物と、窒素を含む非金属含有化合物とを含有する混合物を準備する工程と、
前記混合物中の酸化グラフェンを還元してグラフェンを生成する工程と、
前記金属化合物に由来する金属原子、及び前記非金属含有化合物に由来する非金属原子を、前記グラフェンにドープする工程とを含み、
前記非金属含有化合物の分子量が800以下である炭素系材料の製造方法。 - 前記混合物を加熱することで、前記酸化グラフェンの還元と、前記グラフェンへの前記金属原子及び前記非金属原子のドーピングとを生じさせる請求項10に記載の炭素系材料の製造方法。
- 前記混合物を加熱する際に、加熱温度を700℃以上1000℃以下の範囲、加熱時間を10秒以上10分未満の範囲とする請求項11に記載の炭素系材料の製造方法。
- 前記非金属含有化合物が、ペンタエチレンヘキサミン、テトラエチレンペンタミン、トリエチレンテトラミン、及びエチレンジアミンから選ばれる少なくとも一種を含む請求項10乃至12のいずれか一項に記載の炭素系材料の製造方法。
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EP2792639A1 (en) | 2014-10-22 |
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US20140353144A1 (en) | 2014-12-04 |
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