JP2017048094A - 炭素系材料、並びにそれを備える電極及び微生物燃料電池 - Google Patents
炭素系材料、並びにそれを備える電極及び微生物燃料電池 Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
Description
O2+4H++4e−→2H2O
2H2O→O2+4H++4e−
本実施形態の炭素系材料10は、図1に示すように、膨張黒鉛粒子2からなる膨張黒鉛シート1を備えている。さらに炭素系材料10は、膨張黒鉛粒子2の表面に存在し、窒素及び硫黄の少なくとも一方の非金属元素における非金属原子又は非金属イオンと、周期表の8〜11族の元素群から選ばれる少なくとも一種の金属元素における金属原子又は金属イオンとを含有する。そして、膨張黒鉛粒子2の表面に存在する非金属原子又は非金属イオンと、金属原子又は金属イオンは、例えば酸素還元反応を促進する活性層3を形成している。
次に、本実施形態の電極及び微生物燃料電池について説明する。本実施形態の電極は上述の炭素系材料を備え、微生物燃料電池は当該電極を備えるものである。
本例では、膨張黒鉛粒子からなる膨張黒鉛シートを有し、当該膨張黒鉛粒子の表面に窒素および鉄をドープした炭素系材料を作製した。
本例では、膨張黒鉛粒子からなる膨張黒鉛シートを有し、当該膨張黒鉛粒子の表面に窒素およびコバルトをドープした炭素系材料を作製した。
本例では、膨張黒鉛粒子からなる膨張黒鉛シートを有し、当該膨張黒鉛粒子の表面に硫黄および銅をドープした炭素系材料を作製した。
本例では、膨張黒鉛粒子からなる膨張黒鉛シートを有し、当該膨張黒鉛シートの最表面に存在する部分に窒素および鉄をドープした炭素系材料を作製した。
本例では、黒鉛化炭素繊維からなるカーボンペーパーの表面に窒素および鉄をドープした炭素系材料を作製した。
本例では、無定形炭素からなる不織布の表面に窒素および鉄をドープした炭素系材料を作製した。
密度汎関数理論(Density Functional Theory;DFT)を用いて、図10に示す構造を有するモデル構造体において、酸素還元活性を計算した。なお、計算は、Federico Calle-Vallejo, Jose Ignacio Martinezac, and Jan Rossmeisl, Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 2011,13, 15639-15643に基づいて行った。この計算により、窒素と各種金属原子を用いた場合の触媒活性を見積もることができる。計算結果を図11に示す。図11の結果から、8〜11族の金属元素を用いた場合では、いずれも酸素還元反応に対して触媒として有効に機能すると推定された。
2 膨張黒鉛粒子
10 炭素系材料
20 燃料電池(微生物燃料電池)
23 正極(電極)
Claims (9)
- 膨張黒鉛粒子からなる膨張黒鉛シートと、
前記膨張黒鉛粒子の表面にドープされている、窒素及び硫黄の少なくとも一方の非金属元素における非金属原子又は非金属イオンと、
前記膨張黒鉛粒子の表面にドープされている、周期表の8〜11族の元素群から選ばれる少なくとも一種の金属元素における金属原子又は金属イオンと、
を含有する、炭素系材料。 - 前記非金属原子又は前記非金属イオンと、前記金属原子又は前記金属イオンとが、前記膨張黒鉛粒子のうち、前記膨張黒鉛シートの最表面に存在する部分にドープされている、請求項1に記載の炭素系材料。
- 前記非金属原子又は前記非金属イオンと、前記金属原子又は前記金属イオンとが、前記膨張黒鉛シートを構成する前記膨張黒鉛粒子の表面全体にドープされている、請求項1に記載の炭素系材料。
- 膨張黒鉛粒子からなる膨張黒鉛シートと、
窒素及び硫黄の少なくとも一方の非金属元素における非金属原子又は非金属イオンと、周期表の8〜11族の元素群から選ばれる少なくとも一種の金属元素における金属原子又は金属イオンとを含み、前記膨張黒鉛粒子の表面に担持されている化合物と、
を含有する、炭素系材料。 - 前記化合物が、前記膨張黒鉛粒子のうち、前記膨張黒鉛シートの最表面に存在する部分に担持されている、請求項4に記載の炭素系材料。
- 前記化合物が、前記膨張黒鉛シートを構成する前記膨張黒鉛粒子の表面全体に担持されている、請求項4に記載の炭素系材料。
- 窒素原子又は窒素イオンと、鉄原子又は鉄イオンとを含有する、請求項1乃至6のいずれか一項に記載の炭素系材料。
- 請求項1乃至7のいずれか一項に記載の炭素系材料を備える電極。
- 請求項8に記載の電極を備える微生物燃料電池。
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