JP5642712B2 - 少ない量のスクアレンを含むインフルエンザワクチン - Google Patents
少ない量のスクアレンを含むインフルエンザワクチン Download PDFInfo
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- JP5642712B2 JP5642712B2 JP2011548806A JP2011548806A JP5642712B2 JP 5642712 B2 JP5642712 B2 JP 5642712B2 JP 2011548806 A JP2011548806 A JP 2011548806A JP 2011548806 A JP2011548806 A JP 2011548806A JP 5642712 B2 JP5642712 B2 JP 5642712B2
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Description
この発明は、インフルエンザウイルス感染から保護するためのワクチン、特に、市販ワクチンと比較して少ない量のスクアレンを含むワクチンの分野にある。
PREPANDRIXTM製品(GlaxoSmithKline)およびFLUADTM製品(Novartis Vaccines)を除いて、インフルエンザワクチンは一般にアジュバントを含まない。
一実施形態では、本発明は、(i)少なくとも1つのインフルエンザAウイルス株および少なくとも1つのインフルエンザBウイルス株に由来する血球凝集素であって、濃度が1株につき≧12μg/mlである血球凝集素と、(ii)スクアレンを含むサブミクロンの油滴を有する水中油型エマルジョンアジュバントであって、スクアレン濃度が≦19mg/mlであるアジュバントとを含むインフルエンザウイルスワクチンを提供する。
したがって、本発明は、以下の項目を提供する:
(項目1)
(i)少なくとも2つのインフルエンザAウイルス株および少なくとも2つのインフルエンザBウイルス株に由来する血球凝集素と、(ii)サブミクロンの油滴を有する水中油型エマルジョンアジュバントであって、スクアレンを含み、該スクアレン濃度は<19mg/mLである、アジュバントとを含む、インフルエンザウイルスワクチン。
(項目2)
(i)少なくとも1つのインフルエンザAウイルス株および少なくとも1つのインフルエンザBウイルス株に由来する血球凝集素であって、該血球凝集素濃度は1株につき>12μg/mlである、血球凝集素と、(ii)サブミクロンの油滴を有する水中油型エマルジョンアジュバントであって、スクアレンを含み、該スクアレン濃度は<19mg/mlである、アジュバントとを含む、インフルエンザウイルスワクチン。
(項目3)
(i)少なくとも1つのインフルエンザAウイルス株および少なくとも1つのインフルエンザBウイルス株に由来する血球凝集素と、(ii)サブミクロンの油滴を有する水中油型エマルジョンアジュバントであって、スクアレンを含み、該スクアレン濃度は<19mg/mlである、アジュバントとを含む、水銀を含まないインフルエンザウイルスワクチン。
(項目4)
(i)少なくとも1つのインフルエンザAウイルス株および少なくとも1つのインフルエンザBウイルス株に由来する血球凝集素と、(ii)サブミクロンの油滴を有する水中油型エマルジョンアジュバントであって、スクアレンを含み、該スクアレン濃度は9.75mg/mLまたは4.88mg/mLである、アジュバントとを含む、インフルエンザウイルスワクチン。
(項目5)
0.5mLの単位投与容量を有する、前述の項目のいずれかに記載のワクチン。
(項目6)
0.2〜0.3mLの単位投与容量を有するインフルエンザウイルスワクチンであって、(i)少なくとも1つのインフルエンザAウイルス株および少なくとも1つのインフルエンザBウイルス株に由来する血球凝集素と、(ii)サブミクロンの油滴を有する水中油型エマルジョンアジュバントであって、スクアレンを含み、該スクアレン濃度は<19mg/mlである、アジュバントとを含む、ワクチン。
(項目7)
0.2〜0.3mLの単位投与容量を有するインフルエンザウイルスワクチンであって、(i)少なくとも1つのインフルエンザAウイルス株および少なくとも1つのインフルエンザBウイルス株に由来する血球凝集素と、(ii)サブミクロンの油滴を有する水中油型エマルジョンアジュバントであって、スクアレンを含み、該スクアレン濃度は19.5mg/mL、9.75mg/mLまたは4.88mg/mLである、アジュバントとを含む、ワクチン。
(項目8)
上記血球凝集素が、スプリットビリオンまたは精製された表面抗原の形である、前述の項目のいずれかに記載のワクチン。
(項目9)
(i)H1N1インフルエンザAウイルス株、(ii)H3N2インフルエンザAウイルス株、(iii)B/Victoria/2/87様インフルエンザBウイルス株、および(iv)B/Yamagata/16/88様インフルエンザBウイルス株からの血球凝集素を含む、前述の項目のいずれかに記載のワクチン。
(項目10)
1株あたりの血球凝集素の濃度が少なくとも25μg/mlである、前述の項目のいずれかに記載のワクチン。
(項目11)
スクアレンの濃度が<10mg/mlである、前述の項目のいずれかに記載のワクチン。
(項目12)
本発明の組成物中の血球凝集素に対するスクアレンの重量比が20〜180の範囲にある、前述の項目のいずれかに記載のワクチン。
(項目13)
1株につき約30μg/mlの血球凝集素濃度、約19.5mg/mlのスクアレン濃度および約0.25mlの単位投薬容量を有する、A/H1N1株、A/H3N2株およびB株による三価不活化インフルエンザワクチンである、項目4から12のいずれか一項に記載のワクチン。
(項目14)
1株につき約30μg/mlの血球凝集素濃度、約9.75mg/mlのスクアレン濃度および約0.5mlの単位投薬容量を有する、A/H1N1株、A/H3N2株およびB株による三価不活化インフルエンザワクチンである、項目2から5または項目8から12のいずれか一項に記載のワクチン。
(項目15)
1株につき約30μg/mlの血球凝集素濃度、約19.5mg/mlのスクアレン濃度および約0.25mlの単位投薬容量を有する、A/H1N1株、A/H3N2株、B/Yamagata系統のインフルエンザBウイルス株、およびB/Victoria系統のインフルエンザBウイルス株による四価不活化インフルエンザワクチンである、項目1または5または7から12のいずれか一項に記載のワクチン。
(項目16)
1株につき約30μg/mlの血球凝集素濃度、約9.75mg/mlのスクアレン濃度および約0.5mlの単位投薬容量を有する、A/H1N1株、A/H3N2株、B/Yamagata系統のインフルエンザBウイルス株、およびB/Victoria系統のインフルエンザBウイルス株による四価不活化インフルエンザワクチンである、項目1から5または8から12のいずれか一項に記載のワクチン。
(項目17)
1株につき約30μg/mlの血球凝集素濃度、約9.75mg/mlのスクアレン濃度および約0.25mlの単位投薬容量を有する、A/H1N1株、A/H3N2株およびB株による三価不活化インフルエンザワクチンである、項目2から12のいずれか一項に記載のワクチン。
(項目18)
1株につき約30μg/mlの血球凝集素濃度、約4.88mg/mlのスクアレン濃度および約0.5mlの単位投薬容量を有する、A/H1N1株、A/H3N2株およびB株による三価不活化インフルエンザワクチンである、項目2から5または8から12のいずれか一項に記載のワクチン。
(項目19)
1株につき約30μg/mlの血球凝集素濃度、約9.75mg/mlのスクアレン濃度および約0.25mlの単位投薬容量を有する、A/H1N1株、A/H3N2株、B/Yamagata系統のインフルエンザBウイルス株、およびB/Victoria系統のインフルエンザBウイルス株による四価不活化インフルエンザワクチンである、項目1から12のいずれか一項に記載のワクチン。
(項目20)
1株につき約30μg/mlの血球凝集素濃度、約4.88mg/mlのスクアレン濃度および約0.5mlの単位投薬容量を有する、A/H1N1株、A/H3N2株、B/Yamagata系統のインフルエンザBウイルス株、およびB/Victoria系統のインフルエンザBウイルス株による四価不活化インフルエンザワクチンである、項目1から5または8から12のいずれか一項に記載のワクチン。
(項目21)
1株につき約30μg/mlの血球凝集素濃度、約4.88mg/mlのスクアレン濃度および約0.25mlの単位投薬容量を有する、A/H1N1株、A/H3N2株およびB株による三価不活化インフルエンザワクチンである、項目2から12のいずれか一項に記載のワクチン。
(項目22)
1株につき約30μg/mlの血球凝集素濃度、約4.88mg/mlのスクアレン濃度および約0.25mlの単位投薬容量を有する、A/H1N1株、A/H3N2株、B/Yamagata系統のインフルエンザBウイルス株、およびB/Victoria系統のインフルエンザBウイルス株による四価不活化インフルエンザワクチンである、項目1から12のいずれか一項に記載のワクチン。
(項目23)
患者の免疫応答を高める方法であって、前述の項目のいずれかに記載のワクチンを該患者に投与するステップを含む、方法。
様々な形のインフルエンザウイルスワクチンが今日利用でき、ワクチンは、生ウイルスまたは不活化ウイルスに一般に基づく。不活化ワクチンは、全ビリオン、スプリットビリオン、または精製された表面抗原に基づいてもよい。インフルエンザ抗原は、ビロゾームの形で提示されてもよい。本発明は、これらの種類のワクチンのいずれかと共に用いることができるが、一般的に不活化ワクチンと共に用いられる。
本発明のワクチンは、少なくとも1つのインフルエンザAウイルス株および少なくとも1つのインフルエンザBウイルス株に由来する血球凝集素を含む。異なる株は一般的に別々に増殖させられ、その後、ウイルスが収集され、抗原が調製された後に混合される。したがって、本発明の方法は、1を超えるインフルエンザ株由来の抗原を混合する工程を含むことができる。
血球凝集素(HA)は現在の不活化インフルエンザワクチンでの主な免疫原であり、ワクチンの用量は、一般的にSRIDで測定されるHAレベルを参考にして標準化される。既存のワクチンは0.5mL用量に1株につき約15μgのHAを一般に含有するが、例えば小児のために(同じHA濃度で一般的に0.25mkL用量)、または流行の状況で、またはアジュバントを用いる場合は、より低い用量を用いることができる。より高い用量(例えば3×または9×用量[35,36])が用いられるのと同様に、1/2(すなわち1株につき7.5μgのHA)、1/4および1/8などの分割用量が用いられている。
本発明と用いるためのワクチンの製造では、ウイルス増殖のための培養基としてSPF卵を用いることができ、その場合、ウイルスは鶏卵の感染尿膜腔液から収集される。しかし代わりに、インフルエンザウイルスの複製を補助する細胞系を用いてもよい。細胞系は、一般的に哺乳動物起源である。適する哺乳動物細胞起源には、それらに限定されないが、ハムスター、ウシ、霊長類(ヒトおよびサルを含む)ならびにイヌの細胞が含まれるが、霊長類細胞の使用は好ましくない。腎臓細胞、線維芽細胞、網膜細胞、肺細胞などの、様々な細胞型を用いることができる。適するハムスター細胞の例は、BHK21またはHKCCという名称の細胞系である。適するサル細胞は、Vero細胞系の場合のように、例えば腎臓細胞などのアフリカミドリザル細胞である[37〜39]。適するイヌ細胞は、CLDKおよびMDCK細胞系の場合のように、例えば腎臓細胞である。
ウイルスを細胞系で増殖させた場合、DNAのあらゆる発癌活性を最小にするために、最終ワクチンに残留する細胞系DNAの量を最小にすることが標準慣行である。
本発明と用いるためのワクチンは、インフルエンザ抗原に加えて成分を通常含み、例えばそれらは1つまたは複数の薬用キャリアおよび/または賦形剤を一般的に含む。そのような成分の詳細な議論は、参考文献65で入手可能である。多くの実施形態では、アジュバントが含まれてもよい。
(アジュバント)
使用時に、有利には、本発明のワクチンは、組成物を投与される患者で誘発される免疫応答(体液性および/または細胞性)を増強する働きをすることができるアジュバントを含むことができる。水中油型エマルジョンアジュバント(特にスクアレンを含むもの)の存在は、季節性[67]および流行性[68、69]インフルエンザワクチンの免疫応答の株交差反応性を増強することがわかっている。
本発明の組成物はヒト患者への投与に適し、本発明は、患者の免疫応答を高める方法であって、本発明の組成物を患者に投与するステップを含む方法を提供する。
用語「含む(comprising)」は、「含む(including)」ならびに「からなる(consisting)」を包含し、例えばXを「含む(comprising)」組成物は、Xから排他的になることも、または別のものを含むこと、例えばX+Yであることもできる。
595人の患者(男児および女児、6〜<36カ月)を、各々35人の17群に分ける。各群に、三価(A/H1N1、A/H3N2、B)または四価(A/H1N1、A/H3N2、B/Victoria、B/Yamagata)のインフルエンザワクチンを投与する。ワクチンは、0.5mL容量(15μg/用量/株;全体で45μgまたは60μg)、または0.25mL容量(7.5μg/用量/株;全体で22.5μgまたは30μg)で投与される。群の1つは、既存の市販の三価不活化ワクチンの小児用量を投与される。ワクチンは筋肉内注射によって与えられ、充填済み注射器またはバイアルで提供される。3つの異なるアジュバント量(希釈によって達成される)を検査する。
Claims (7)
- (i)少なくとも2つのインフルエンザAウイルス株および少なくとも2つのインフルエンザBウイルス株に由来する血球凝集素であって、該血球凝集素濃度は1株につき>12μg/mlである、血球凝集素と、(ii)サブミクロンの油滴を有する水中油型エマルジョンアジュバントであって、スクアレンを含み、該スクアレン濃度は<19mg/mlであり、該スクアレンの1用量について最小限の量は0.5mgである、アジュバントとを含む、≦5歳の患者における免疫応答を高めることでの使用のためのインフルエンザウイルスワクチンであって、該インフルエンザBウイルス株は、B/Victoria/2/87様インフルエンザBウイルス株、およびB/Yamagata/16/88様インフルエンザBウイルス株を含む、インフルエンザウイルスワクチン。
- 前記血球凝集素は、スプリットビリオンまたは精製された表面抗原の形である、請求項1に記載の使用のためのインフルエンザウイルスワクチン。
- 0.5mLの単位投与容量を有する、請求項1または2に記載の使用のためのインフルエンザウイルスワクチン。
- (a)(i)H1N1インフルエンザAウイルス株、(ii)H3N2インフルエンザAウイルス株、(iii)B/Victoria/2/87様インフルエンザBウイルス株、および(iv)B/Yamagata/16/88様インフルエンザBウイルス株からの血球凝集素を含む;
(b)1株あたりの血球凝集素の濃度が少なくとも25μg/mlである;
(c)スクアレンの濃度が<10mg/mlであり、該スクアレンの1用量について最小限の量は0.5mgである;ならびに/または
(d)前記ワクチンにおける血球凝集素に対するスクアレンの重量比が20〜180の範囲にある、
請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の使用のためのインフルエンザウイルスワクチン。 - (a)1株につき30μg/mlの血球凝集素濃度、9.75mg/mlのスクアレン濃度および0.5mlの単位投薬容量を有する、A/H1N1株、A/H3N2株、B/Yamagata系統のインフルエンザBウイルス株、およびB/Victoria系統のインフルエンザBウイルス株による四価不活化インフルエンザワクチンであるか;あるいは
(b)1株につき30μg/mlの血球凝集素濃度、4.88mg/mlのスクアレン濃度および0.5mlの単位投薬容量を有する、A/H1N1株、A/H3N2株、B/Yamagata系統のインフルエンザBウイルス株、およびB/Victoria系統のインフルエンザBウイルス株による四価不活化インフルエンザワクチンである、
請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の使用のためのインフルエンザウイルスワクチン。 - (a)1株につき30μg/mlの血球凝集素濃度、9.75mg/mlのスクアレン濃度および0.25mlの単位投薬容量を有する、A/H1N1株、A/H3N2株、B/Yamagata系統のインフルエンザBウイルス株、およびB/Victoria系統のインフルエンザBウイルス株による四価不活化インフルエンザワクチンであるか;あるいは
(b)1株につき30μg/mlの血球凝集素濃度、4.88mg/mlのスクアレン濃度および0.25mlの単位投薬容量を有する、A/H1N1株、A/H3N2株、B/Yamagata系統のインフルエンザBウイルス株、およびB/Victoria系統のインフルエンザBウイルス株による四価不活化インフルエンザワクチンである、
請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載のインフルエンザウイルスワクチン。 - ≦5歳の患者において免疫応答を高めるための医薬の製造における、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載のワクチンの使用。
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