JP5614521B2 - 固体炭素分解型セラミックス化学反応装置 - Google Patents
固体炭素分解型セラミックス化学反応装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5614521B2 JP5614521B2 JP2005014927A JP2005014927A JP5614521B2 JP 5614521 B2 JP5614521 B2 JP 5614521B2 JP 2005014927 A JP2005014927 A JP 2005014927A JP 2005014927 A JP2005014927 A JP 2005014927A JP 5614521 B2 JP5614521 B2 JP 5614521B2
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- chemical reaction
- oxygen
- oxide
- ion
- solid carbon
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 71
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 title claims description 70
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 64
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 title claims description 59
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title description 54
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 title description 44
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 180
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 118
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 83
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 83
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 57
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000010416 ion conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 27
- -1 oxygen ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;oxido(oxo)alumane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Al]=O.[O-][Al]=O XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical group [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 206010021143 Hypoxia Diseases 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000416 bismuth oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- TYIXMATWDRGMPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibismuth;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Bi+3].[Bi+3] TYIXMATWDRGMPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- AJNVQOSZGJRYEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N digallium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ga+3].[Ga+3] AJNVQOSZGJRYEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001195 gallium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 27
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 25
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 23
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 21
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 18
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 8
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229960004424 carbon dioxide Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 7
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000012855 volatile organic compound Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910002090 carbon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011532 electronic conductor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910002080 8 mol% Y2O3 fully stabilized ZrO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- HYXGAEYDKFCVMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium oxide Chemical compound O=[Sc]O[Sc]=O HYXGAEYDKFCVMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium(III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Y+3].[Y+3] RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001938 gadolinium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229940075613 gadolinium oxide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- CMIHHWBVHJVIGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N gadolinium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Gd+3].[Gd+3] CMIHHWBVHJVIGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LNTHITQWFMADLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N gallic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 LNTHITQWFMADLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000033116 oxidation-reduction process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006864 oxidative decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001954 samarium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229940075630 samarium oxide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- FKTOIHSPIPYAPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Sm+3].[Sm+3] FKTOIHSPIPYAPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011882 ultra-fine particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQENXCOZCUHKRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [La+3].[La+3].[O-][Mn]([O-])=O.[O-][Mn]([O-])=O.[O-][Mn]([O-])=O Chemical compound [La+3].[La+3].[O-][Mn]([O-])=O.[O-][Mn]([O-])=O.[O-][Mn]([O-])=O BQENXCOZCUHKRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- NFYLSJDPENHSBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(3+);lanthanum(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Cr+3].[La+3] NFYLSJDPENHSBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052963 cobaltite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006056 electrooxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021397 glassy carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011533 mixed conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011224 oxide ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013076 target substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/01—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust by means of electric or electrostatic separators
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/32—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by electrical effects other than those provided for in group B01D61/00
- B01D53/326—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by electrical effects other than those provided for in group B01D61/00 in electrochemical cells
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/89—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
- C04B41/81—Coating or impregnation
- C04B41/85—Coating or impregnation with inorganic materials
- C04B41/87—Ceramics
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
- C04B41/81—Coating or impregnation
- C04B41/85—Coating or impregnation with inorganic materials
- C04B41/88—Metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/40—Nitrogen compounds
- B01D2257/404—Nitrogen oxides other than dinitrogen oxide
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D2257/50—Carbon oxides
- B01D2257/502—Carbon monoxide
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/70—Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D2257/00 - B01D2257/602
- B01D2257/702—Hydrocarbons
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
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- B01D2257/708—Volatile organic compounds V.O.C.'s
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
- Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
Description
(1) 固体電解質、電極を構成するカソード及びアノードを有してなり、カソードで、被処理物質としての気体中の窒素酸化物及び/又は二酸化炭素を還元分解し、生じた酸素イオンを固体電解質を介してアノードに供給する化学反応器において、
固体電解質は、基本単位として、上記被処理物質中に含まれる元素へ電子を供給してイオンを生成させて該生成したイオンをイオン伝導相へ伝達するための遷移金属の微粒子からなる還元相、被処理物質を反応場に導入するための空間、還元相に接する反応場となるイオン伝導体結晶構造の中に形成された酸素欠損、イオン伝導体の該酸素欠損に吸着する酸素分子をイオン化するために必要な電子を供給する電子伝導相、及び、イオン伝導体の酸素欠損でイオン化された酸素分子を反応系外に搬出するための経路となるイオン伝導相、を有し、
上記イオン伝導体結晶構造はイオン伝導性セラミックス材料から構成され、該イオン伝導性セラミックス材料は該イオン伝導性セラミックス材料の上に触媒材料を形成してなる電気化学的に固体カーボン(PM)を直接酸化除去できる化学反応機構としての触媒電極を有し、該触媒電極における上記触媒材料が少なくともアルミン酸カルシウムを含むものであり、
アノードの表面で、固体電解質を介して供給される酸素イオンを利用して、
C + 2O2− → CO2 + 4e−
の反応により、固体カーボン(PM)を直接酸化除去するようにしたことを特徴とする化学反応装置。
(2)イオン伝導性セラミックス材料が、金属酸化物に、異種元素を固溶した単結晶又は多結晶材料である、前記(1)に記載の化学反応装置。
(3)金属酸化物が、酸化ジルコニウム、酸化セリウム、酸化ガリウム、又は酸化ビスマスであり、異種元素が、希土類金属、又はアルカリ土類金属である、前記(2)に記載の化学反応装置。
(4)化学反応装置が、排ガス浄化用化学反応装置である、前記(1)に記載の化学反応装置。
(5)前記(1)に記載の化学反応装置を排ガス通路に複数配設したことを特徴とする排ガス浄化装置。
本発明の化学反応装置は、電気化学的に固体カーボン(PM)を直接酸化除去できる触媒電極をイオン伝導性セラミックス材料上に形成した化学反応機構を有することを特徴とするものである。本発明の化学反応装置は、好適には、例えば、固体電解質の両面にカソード及びアノードの電極を具備し、該電極に電流を流す構造を有しており、カソードにおける還元反応で生じた酸素イオンを固体電解質を介してアノードに供給し、アノードで直接酸化反応により、固体カーボンをCO2に変換し、除去する機能を有している。しかし、本発明の化学反応装置は、これに限定されるものではなく、例えば、少なくとも電気化学的に固体カーボン(PM)を直接酸化除去できる触媒電極をイオン伝導性セラミックス上に形成した化学反応機構を有するものであれば、本発明の化学反応装置として使用することが可能である。
0.2−0.5mmの厚さの酸化ジルコニウム及び酸化セリウムのイオン伝導性セラミックス基板(φ20mm)へ、触媒材料として市販白金ペースト(TR−707、田中貴金属(株))をスクリーンプリントし、150℃、1時間乾燥後、950℃、2時間焼成し、白金電極を2箇所(両面に)形成した。このとき、電極面積はφ10mmとし、膜厚は100μmとした。また、イオン伝導体基板と触媒材料が直接接触するように、白金等の電極を網目状にプリントした。更に、その表面へ、CaCO3及びγ−Al2O3(Ca:Al=12:14)を所定比で混合し、1000℃、酸素流通下で焼成し、アルミン酸カルシウム(Ca12Al14O33)を合成した後、これを遊星ボールミルで粉砕したアルミン酸カルシウム粉末をポリエチレングリコール等の溶媒でペースト状にしたものを同様にスクリーンプリントで白金電極を覆うように塗布した。このときの膜厚は約100μmとした。更に、酸化ニッケルと酸化ジルコニウムを所定比(Ni:Zr=50:50)で混合し、ポリエチレングリコール等の溶媒でペースト状にしたものを同様にスクリーンプリントした。それらは、それぞれ1000−1500℃で焼成し、電極上に焼きつけ、作製した。図1に、セラミックス化学反応装置の模式図を示す。
上記実施例1で製造したセラミックス化学反応装置のアノード(Anode)のアルミン酸カルシウム上へ、グラッシーカーボンのペーストをスクリーンプリントで塗布し、150℃で乾燥後、空気中500℃で焼成したものを作製した。塗布した炭素重量を測定した後、セラミックス化学反応装置へ電気を流すリード線(白金)を取り付け、石英管中で窒素酸化物(1000ppmNOガス)とHeの混合ガスを50ml/minで流通し、電気炉で500−550℃で加熱し、種々の電流(電圧)を供給することにより、セラミックス化学反応装置表面の炭素の減少量を調べた。また、このとき、酸素源は、窒素酸化物をセラミックス化学反応装置のカソード(Cathode)で分解し、生成する酸素を用いた。更に、このとき、同時分解される窒素酸化物の量もNOx分析計で測定した。
上記実施例2で用いたセラミックス化学反応装置に、ガス状の炭化水素(エタン)と窒素酸化物の混合ガスを流通させ、500℃でセラミックス化学反応装置へ0−2V電解をかけたときの炭化水素の分解量と生成する二酸化炭素の量を調べた。更に、窒素酸化物の分解量を調べた。その結果を図4に示す。500ppmエタン、1000ppmNOを流速50ml/minで流した場合、2Vの電解をかけた時、エタン70ppm(14%)が連続的に分解し、同時に200ppm(20%)のNOが除去できた。また、生成物として炭化水素及び窒素酸化物の分解に伴い、CO2とO2の生成が確認できた。このときの消費電力は約34mWであり、微小な電力での分解が可能であることが分かった。
Claims (5)
- 固体電解質、電極を構成するカソード及びアノードを有してなり、カソードで、被処理物質としての気体中の窒素酸化物及び/又は二酸化炭素を還元分解し、生じた酸素イオンを固体電解質を介してアノードに供給する化学反応器において、
固体電解質は、基本単位として、上記被処理物質中に含まれる元素へ電子を供給してイオンを生成させて該生成したイオンをイオン伝導相へ伝達するための遷移金属の微粒子からなる還元相、被処理物質を反応場に導入するための空間、還元相に接する反応場となるイオン伝導体結晶構造の中に形成された酸素欠損、イオン伝導体の該酸素欠損に吸着する酸素分子をイオン化するために必要な電子を供給する電子伝導相、及び、イオン伝導体の酸素欠損でイオン化された酸素分子を反応系外に搬出するための経路となるイオン伝導相、を有し、
上記イオン伝導体結晶構造はイオン伝導性セラミックス材料から構成され、該イオン伝導性セラミックス材料は該イオン伝導性セラミックス材料の上に触媒材料を形成してなる電気化学的に固体カーボン(PM)を直接酸化除去できる化学反応機構としての触媒電極を有し、該触媒電極における上記触媒材料が少なくともアルミン酸カルシウムを含むものであり、
アノードの表面で、固体電解質を介して供給される酸素イオンを利用して、
C + 2O2− → CO2 + 4e−
の反応により、固体カーボン(PM)を直接酸化除去するようにしたことを特徴とする化学反応装置。 - イオン伝導性セラミックス材料が、金属酸化物に、異種元素を固溶した単結晶又は多結晶材料である、請求項1に記載の化学反応装置。
- 金属酸化物が、酸化ジルコニウム、酸化セリウム、酸化ガリウム、又は酸化ビスマスであり、異種元素が、希土類金属、又はアルカリ土類金属である、請求項2に記載の化学反応装置。
- 化学反応装置が、排ガス浄化用化学反応装置である、請求項1に記載の化学反応装置。
- 請求項1に記載の化学反応装置を排ガス通路に複数配設したことを特徴とする排ガス浄化装置。
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JP2005014927A JP5614521B2 (ja) | 2005-01-24 | 2005-01-24 | 固体炭素分解型セラミックス化学反応装置 |
CNB200680003066XA CN100553749C (zh) | 2005-01-24 | 2006-01-23 | 固体碳分解型陶瓷化学反应装置 |
PCT/JP2006/300968 WO2006078017A1 (ja) | 2005-01-24 | 2006-01-23 | 固体炭素分解型セラミックス化学反応装置 |
GB0714512A GB2437459A (en) | 2005-01-24 | 2006-01-23 | Ceramic chemical reaction device capable of decomposing solid carbon |
US11/814,419 US20090004072A1 (en) | 2005-01-24 | 2006-01-23 | Ceramic Chemical Reaction Device Capable of Decomposing Solid Carbon |
DE112006000255T DE112006000255T5 (de) | 2005-01-24 | 2006-01-23 | Chemische Reaktionsvorrichtung aus Keramik, die in der Lage ist, festen Kohlenstoff zu zersetzen |
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JP5252362B2 (ja) * | 2005-12-28 | 2013-07-31 | 独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 | セラミック電極 |
JP2008119618A (ja) * | 2006-11-14 | 2008-05-29 | Ritsumeikan | 浄化装置、浄化方法、排出ガス浄化システム、及び浄化構造体の製造方法 |
WO2008088027A1 (ja) | 2007-01-19 | 2008-07-24 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Chuo Kenkyusho | 排ガス浄化装置 |
WO2008099935A1 (ja) * | 2007-02-16 | 2008-08-21 | Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co., Ltd. | 脱酸素剤及び脱酸素剤の製造方法 |
JP4851974B2 (ja) * | 2007-03-26 | 2012-01-11 | 日本碍子株式会社 | 浄化装置 |
JP2008298045A (ja) * | 2007-06-04 | 2008-12-11 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 内燃機関システム |
JP2009125622A (ja) * | 2007-11-20 | 2009-06-11 | Toyota Industries Corp | 排気ガスの浄化装置 |
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US20110155227A1 (en) * | 2009-12-25 | 2011-06-30 | Tadao Yagi | Electrolyte composition for photoelectric transformation device and photoelectric transformation device manufactured by using the same |
JP5566681B2 (ja) * | 2009-12-25 | 2014-08-06 | 三星エスディアイ株式会社 | 光電変換素子用電解質組成物及び光電変換素子 |
TWI390104B (zh) * | 2010-03-04 | 2013-03-21 | Nat Univ Tsing Hua | 控制廢氣排放並發電的熱活電化學暨觸媒轉化器 |
CN102335552A (zh) * | 2010-07-16 | 2012-02-01 | 国立清华大学 | 控制废气排放并发电的电化学催化剂转化器 |
CN102485326A (zh) * | 2010-12-06 | 2012-06-06 | 黄大仁 | 电化学催化剂转化器 |
US9461349B2 (en) | 2014-01-08 | 2016-10-04 | Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. | Rechargeable metal NxOy gas battery system |
US9368847B2 (en) | 2014-01-08 | 2016-06-14 | Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. | Rechargeable metal nitric oxide gas battery |
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WO2015104574A1 (en) * | 2014-01-08 | 2015-07-16 | Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. | Rechargeable metal nitric oxide gas battery system |
FR3074059B1 (fr) * | 2017-11-24 | 2022-04-15 | Univ Grenoble Alpes | Procede de purification d'un gaz porteur |
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CN110671170A (zh) * | 2018-07-02 | 2020-01-10 | 西安电子科技大学 | 一种可降低汽车废气尾气颗粒的装置及汽车 |
CN109772165B (zh) * | 2018-12-14 | 2021-09-14 | 深圳大学 | 一种尾气净化反应器及其制备方法与尾气净化反应电堆 |
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US4902487A (en) * | 1988-05-13 | 1990-02-20 | Johnson Matthey, Inc. | Treatment of diesel exhaust gases |
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