WO2004011135A1 - 電気化学セル型化学反応システム、その活性化方法及び反応方法 - Google Patents
電気化学セル型化学反応システム、その活性化方法及び反応方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004011135A1 WO2004011135A1 PCT/JP2003/009743 JP0309743W WO2004011135A1 WO 2004011135 A1 WO2004011135 A1 WO 2004011135A1 JP 0309743 W JP0309743 W JP 0309743W WO 2004011135 A1 WO2004011135 A1 WO 2004011135A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/8621—Removing nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/8625—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/8631—Processes characterised by a specific device
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0892—Electric or magnetic treatment, e.g. dissociation of noxious components
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
- F01N3/2013—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using electric or magnetic heating means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
- F01N2570/14—Nitrogen oxides
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Definitions
- Electrochemical cell type chemical reaction system activation method and reaction method
- the present invention relates to an electrochemical cell type chemical reaction system, and more particularly to, for example, a chemical reaction system for efficiently purifying nitrogen oxides from combustion exhaust gas containing oxygen.
- a small reaction region in which an oxidation-reduction reaction is performed on an object to be processed is introduced into a part of the chemical reaction section of the above-described chemical reaction system, and oxygen and nitrogen oxides are discharged from exhaust gas into the small reaction region.
- the present invention also relates to an energy-saving electrochemical reaction system and a method for activating the same. More specifically, for example, a chemical reaction system for efficiently purifying nitrogen oxides from combustion exhaust gas containing oxygen, and use thereof The method and its activation method.
- the present invention provides, for example, the above-described chemical reaction system with low power consumption, in which, when purifying nitrogen and oxides in exhaust gas by an electrochemical reaction system, oxygen molecules are adsorbed on a surface and reactivity is reduced. It is useful for providing a new chemical reaction system, a method for using the same, and a method for activating the same, which enable the chemical reaction of a substance to be treated with high efficiency by reactivating the compound.
- the present invention relates to a reaction method using an oxidation-reduction reactor. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method using an oxidation-reduction reactor composed of a solid electrolyte of an oxygen ion conductor and at least an electrode made of an electron conductor.
- Organic substances Organic chlorine compounds, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, ammonia, etc. Chemical reaction methods for reducing organic substances, oxygen, water, nitrogen oxides and the like.
- the present invention is useful as, for example, a method for using the oxidation-reduction reactor to remove nitrogen oxides from exhaust gas from a combustor or the like. Background art
- ternary catalysts are mainly used for purifying nitrogen oxides generated from gasoline engines.
- lean-burn engines and diesel engines that can improve fuel efficiency, there is an excess of oxygen in the combustion exhaust gas, and a sharp decrease in catalyst activity due to the adsorption of oxygen to the three-way catalyst surface poses a problem.
- nitrogen oxides cannot be purified.
- a solid electrolyte membrane having oxygen ion conductivity is used to remove the oxygen in the exhaust gas without adsorbing it on the catalyst surface by passing a current through it.
- a system that removes surface oxygen by applying a voltage to a solid electrolyte sandwiched between electrodes on both sides, and simultaneously decomposes nitrogen oxides into oxygen and nitrogen. ing.
- the present inventors have already found that the internal structure of a force sword in a chemical reactor is surrounded by a nanometer-sized through hole in the upper part of the same layer, and an electron conductor and an ion conductor Is less than nanometer to micron
- the structure is distributed in the form of a network that is closely adhered to each other in size, reducing excess oxygen, which is an interfering gas when performing a chemical reaction on the substance to be treated, to achieve highly efficient treatment with low power consumption.
- the substance can be processed (Japanese Patent Application No. 2001-1502).
- Japanese Patent Application No. 2001-1502 Japanese Patent Application No. 2001-1502
- the oxygen molecules remaining in the gas to be processed passing through the upper part of the same layer are still adsorbed and decomposed at the reaction site preferentially over the nitrogen oxides, thereby reducing power consumption.
- a heterogeneous catalyst using a solid catalyst such as a noble metal zeolite has an advantage that the reaction product and the catalyst can be easily separated.
- a heterogeneous catalyst it is easy to separate the catalyst, but since the raw material and the reactant are in the same space, the necessary products are separated from unreacted raw materials and by-products. Purified. As a method that does not require such separation and purification, a method using a reaction separation membrane is being studied. (Chemical Review No.
- the method using a reaction separation membrane is, for example, when ethane is synthesized by an oxidative coupling reaction of methane using an oxygen permeable membrane (3 CH 4 + 1/2 Q 2 ⁇ C 2 H 4 + H 2 O) the, as CH 4 / catalyst / oxygen permeable membrane Z_ ⁇ 2, separate the CH 4 and ⁇ 2 oxygen permeable membrane, at a suitable catalyst to CH 4 side of the transparent membrane wall, on the catalyst the ⁇ 2 is activated through an oxygen permeable membrane, performs selection combining of Etan.
- an oxygen permeable membrane 3 CH 4 + 1/2 Q 2 ⁇ C 2 H 4 + H 2 O
- those applied as a reaction separation film are a Pd film and a Pd—Au alloy film. Both are applied as hydrogen separation membranes (hydrogen permeable membranes). The difference in concentration (hydrogen partial pressure difference) on both sides of the membrane is used as the driving force for the hydrogen permeable membrane.
- the main types of ion conductor membranes are hydrogen ion conductors and oxygen ion conductors.
- electrodes are installed on both sides of the membrane because the driving force for conducting ions is an electric field gradient, and both electrodes are electrically connected by electric wires.
- ions penetrate the membrane, but at the same time, electrons migrate through the conductor (external circuit) to neutralize the charge.
- conductor external circuit
- both ions and electrons (or holes) can be conducted in the film, so that wires and electrodes for sending electrons are not required.
- the driving force of ions uses the difference in concentration between the two surfaces of the film.
- the reaction in a reaction separation membrane using an ion conductor membrane, the reaction can proceed regardless of the concentration difference because the electric field gradient is used as the driving force.
- an electrode is required, and the electrode has electronic conductivity and is made of a material that is inert and stable to oxidation and reduction reactions.
- P t noble metals such as P d
- the carbon in the oxidation atmosphere L a C O_ ⁇ 3 system, L aF E_ ⁇ 3 system, L AMn_ ⁇ 3 system
- electronic conductivity such as L aC r 0 3 system Oxides and the like are used.
- a reaction separation membrane using a hydrogen ion conductor membrane is the selective hydrogenation removal of trace acetylene in ethylene.
- acetylene selective hydrogenation reduction
- removal of nitrogen oxides in exhaust gas is an example of a reaction separation membrane using a solid electrolyte membrane having oxygen ion conductivity.
- a palladium electrode is formed on both surfaces of zirconium stabilized with yttrium oxide, and by applying a voltage, nitrogen and oxygen are mixed in a mixed gas of nitrogen oxide, hydrocarbon and oxygen.
- Decomposition has been proposed (J. Chem. SoC. Faraday Trans., 91, 1995 (1995)).
- the reaction can proceed without depending on a difference in the concentration of a reactant or a product.
- ionic species passing through the ion conductor membrane are activated on the electrode, and molecules are easily decomposed at the interface between the ion conductor and the electrode, so that oxidation and reduction can be easily performed.
- the reaction method using a reaction separation membrane in which electrodes are applied to the ion conductor membrane and a voltage is applied between the electrodes to drive the electric field gradient has a high oxidation-reduction ability.
- the selectivity of the reaction is poor.
- nitrogen oxide is reduced and removed in a reactor in which an electrode is applied to the oxygen ion conductor
- oxygen molecules are also decomposed into oxygen ions, which is an object of purifying exhaust gas.
- the efficiency of reduction and removal of nitrogen oxides decreases.
- a simple redox reaction using a reducing agent or an oxidizing agent having appropriate selectivity can be considered.However, if the reducing agent or the oxidizing agent is consumed, the reaction does not proceed any further. There is a need. Disclosure of the invention
- an object of the first aspect of the present invention is to solve the above-described problems of the prior art.
- selective adsorption to oxygen molecules and nitrogen oxide molecules is performed.
- the present inventors have conducted intensive studies with the aim of solving these problems in view of the above-mentioned prior art, and as a result, have found that the working electrode layer located above the cathode in the chemical reaction section has a high oxygen content. Simultaneous adsorption and nitrogen oxide adsorption-reduction reactions form a local reaction field to enable more efficient chemical reactions.Furthermore, after a certain amount of oxygen molecules have been adsorbed, The present inventors have found that it is possible to ionize and remove oxygen molecules and reactivate them by applying a current to the system, and have accomplished the present invention.
- an object of the second aspect of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems, and when there is an excess of oxygen in the flue gas, the selective adsorption to oxygen molecules and nitrogen oxide molecules is improved.
- Nitrogen oxides can be easily adsorbed to the substances contained in them, thereby reducing the amount of current required for the decomposition of nitrogen oxides, and at the same time, conducting a current treatment after adsorbing a certain amount of oxygen to achieve a chemical reaction system.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a chemical reaction system that can reactivate nitrogen and purify nitrogen oxides with low power consumption and high efficiency.
- a third aspect of the present invention has been developed in view of the above-mentioned prior art with the aim of establishing a new reaction method in an oxidation-reduction reactor capable of solving the problems in the above-mentioned prior art. It is an object of the present invention to provide a novel reaction method capable of oxidizing or reducing with high selectivity using a redox reactor without requiring supply or exchange of a reducing agent or an oxidizing agent. Is what you do. Next, the first embodiment of the present invention will be described in more detail.
- the present invention relates to a chemical reaction system for performing a chemical reaction of a substance to be treated, the chemical reaction system comprising: a chemical reaction unit that advances the chemical reaction of the substance to be treated; And a parier layer for inhibiting ionization of oxygen.
- the chemical reaction section for performing a chemical reaction of the substance to be treated preferably includes a reducing phase that supplies electrons to elements contained in the substance to be treated to generate ions, and an ion conduction phase that conducts ions from the reducing phase. And an oxidized phase for releasing electrons from ions conducted through the ion conducting phase.
- the substance to be treated is nitrogen acid in the combustion exhaust gas. It reduces oxides of nitrogen in the reducing phase to generate oxygen ions, and conducts oxygen ions in the ion conducting phase.
- the substance to be treated in the present invention is not limited to nitrogen oxides.
- carbon dioxide can be reduced to produce carbon monoxide
- a mixed gas of hydrogen and carbon monoxide can be produced from methane, or hydrogen can be produced from water.
- the form of the chemical reaction system may be, for example, a tubular shape, a flat plate shape, an 82-cam shape, or the like.
- the chemical reaction system has one or more through holes having a pair of openings, such as a tubular shape and a honeycomb shape. Therefore, it is preferable that the chemical reaction part is located in each through hole.
- the reducing phase is made porous and selectively adsorbs a substance to be reacted.
- the reduced phase is preferably made of a conductive substance in order to supply electrons to the elements contained in the substance to be treated to generate ions and to transfer the generated ions to the ion conduction phase.
- it may be made of a mixed conductive material having both electron conductivity and ion conductivity, or may be made of a mixture of an electron conductive material and an ion conductive material. More preferred.
- the reducing phase may have a structure in which at least two phases of these substances are laminated.
- the conductive substance and the ionic conductive substance used as the reducing phase are not particularly limited.
- the conductive substance for example, noble metals such as platinum and palladium, and metal oxides such as nickel oxide, cobalt oxide, copper oxide, lanthanum manganite, lanthanum cobaltite, and lanthanum chromite are used.
- Barium-containing oxides and zeolites that selectively adsorb the substance to be treated are also used as the reducing phase. It is also preferable to use at least one or more of the above substances as a mixture with at least one or more ion-conductive substances.
- ion conductive materials include, for example, yttria and For example, zirconium gadolinium oxide stabilized with scandium oxide, ceria, lanthanum gallate, or the like stabilized with samarium oxide is used.
- the reducing phase has a structure in which the above-mentioned substances are laminated in at least two phases. More preferably, the reduced phase has a structure in which two phases of a conductive material phase made of a noble metal such as platinum and a mixed phase of nickel oxide and zirconia stabilized with yttria or scandium oxide are stacked.
- the ion conductive phase is made of a solid electrolyte having ion conductivity, and preferably, a solid electrolyte having oxygen ion conductivity.
- the solid electrolyte having oxygen ion conductivity include zirconium gadolinium oxide stabilized with yttria or scandium oxide, ceria and lanthanum gallate stabilized with samarium oxide, but are not particularly limited. Absent.
- yttria having high conductivity and strength and excellent long-term stability or zirconium stabilized with scandium oxide is used.
- the oxidized phase contains a conductive material to release electrons from ions from the ion conductive phase.
- the material be made of a mixed conductive material having both electron conductivity and ion conductivity, or be made of a mixture of an electron conductive material and an ion conductive material.
- the conductive substance and the ion conductive substance used as the oxidized phase are not particularly limited.
- the conductive substance for example, noble metals such as platinum and palladium, and metal oxides such as nickel oxide, cobalt oxide, copper oxide, lanthanum manganite, lanthanum cobaltite, and lanthanum chromite are used.
- the ion conductive material for example, zirconium gadolinium oxide stabilized with yttria or scandium oxide, or ceria or lanthanum gallate stabilized with thermal oxide is used.
- the barrier layer generates oxygen ions when oxygen molecules are adsorbed on the surface.
- This barrier layer has a material and a structure to prevent the electrons supplied from the chemical reaction part, especially the reduction phase, from reaching the surface.
- This barrier layer is desirably an ionic conductor, a mixed conductor, or an insulator. In the case of a mixed conductor, the effect of suppressing electron conduction is reduced if the electron conductivity is large. Is desirably as small as possible.
- the present invention provides a method for applying an electric field, applying an electric field, or applying a contact point between an electron conductive phase and an ion conductive phase formed by combining any one of an ion conductor, an electron conductor, and a mixed conductor in the chemical reaction section.
- a minute reaction region in which an oxidation-reduction reaction is performed on an object to be processed is introduced into a part of the chemical reaction section.
- the feature point is that a minute reaction region having a size of nanometer to micrometer, in which the above-mentioned oxidation-reduction reaction is performed, is introduced into the same layer.
- the working electrode layer located above the cathode in the chemical reaction section is not only a high-efficiency adsorption and decomposition of the substance to be treated (patent application 2001-2005) in addition to the high efficiency previously found. It has a structure in which the adsorption of oxygen molecules and the adsorption of the substance to be treated can be performed simultaneously by different substances suitable for each reaction. That is, as illustrated in FIG.
- a metal phase generated by reduction of an oxide or a metal phase included from the beginning in order to obtain high reactivity, ultrafine particles (preferably about 10 nm to 100 nm Particle size) and the oxygen-deficient portion of the ion conduction phase present in the vicinity of the contact point, and several nm to several 10 nm around the contact point
- ultrafine particles preferably about 10 nm to 100 nm Particle size
- oxygen-deficient portion of the ion conduction phase present in the vicinity of the contact point and several nm to several 10 nm around the contact point
- the metal phase and the oxygen deficient portion usually form a contact due to the generation mechanism, but do not necessarily need to be in contact for the above-described selective separation function to work. That is, the energization causes oxygen deficiency and the metal phase to be formed as a result of the transfer of oxygen in the ion-conductive phase by electron donation from the metal phase (the oxide phase before the reaction), and heat is formed after the formation. Even if the contact is lost due to the action such as shrinkage, it does not seriously hinder the selective separation function for the gas to be treated, which is the action of the present invention.
- this structure is It is formed by energizing the reaction system or performing heat treatment in a reducing atmosphere or under reduced pressure. That is, the above structure uses an oxide that is relatively easily reduced and is energized at a high temperature of several hundred degrees centigrade or more, or is subjected to heat treatment in a reducing atmosphere such as a hydrogen atmosphere or under reduced pressure. Is a necessary condition to form a reduced phase at
- the volume change of the crystal phase due to the oxidation-reduction reaction causes the generation of nanometer to micron sized pores suitable for introducing the gas to be treated, the reduction phase to ultrafine particles by recrystallization, and Fine structure suitable for high-efficiency reactions such as the formation of oxygen-deficient portions in the ion-conducting phase through redox reactions Are simultaneously formed, particularly preferably in the case of the energization treatment.
- a combination of an ion conductive phase and an electronic conductive phase, a mixture of mixed conductive phases or a combination thereof with an ion conductive phase and an electronic conductive phase is possible.
- a metal phase such as nickel is more preferable as the reducing phase because it exhibits high selective adsorption.
- a substance constituting the whole or a part of the minute reaction region exerts an oxidizing and reducing action on the substance to be treated.
- the metal phase is, for example, a metal generated by an oxidation-reduction reaction generated over part or all of an electron conductor or a mixed conductor by energization treatment to the chemical reaction system or heat treatment in a reducing atmosphere. It consists of phase ultrafine particles.
- the oxygen deficient portion is generated by an oxidation-reduction reaction generated over part or all of the ionic conductor or the mixed conductor by an energizing treatment to the chemical reaction system or a heat treatment in a reducing atmosphere.
- the ionic conductor and the electron conductor have a structure in which they are in direct contact with each other in at least one place, or they are in contact during the manufacturing process.
- the chemical reaction system according to the present invention is characterized in that, in the chemical reaction section, a contact treatment between an electron conductive phase and an ion conductive phase formed by combining any one of an ion conductor, an electron conductor, and a mixed conductor is performed by applying a current
- a contact treatment between an electron conductive phase and an ion conductive phase formed by combining any one of an ion conductor, an electron conductor, and a mixed conductor is performed by applying a current
- a micro-reaction region in which an oxidation-reduction reaction of a substance to be treated is performed is introduced into the chemical reaction section.
- one or both of them are preferably in a reduced state.
- the chemical reaction is a substance or energy conversion reaction
- the substance to be treated is a nitrogen oxide
- the chemical reaction is a nitrogen oxide.
- the above chemical reaction is represented by the following general formula: MO x + xe ⁇ M + x / 2 ⁇ 2 -M ⁇ xe + ⁇ ⁇
- the present invention relates to a chemical reaction system for performing a chemical reaction of a substance to be treated, the chemical reaction system comprising: a chemical reaction unit that advances the chemical reaction of the substance to be treated; And a barrier layer for inhibiting ionization of oxygen.
- the chemical reaction section for performing a chemical reaction of the substance to be treated includes a reducing phase that supplies electrons to elements contained in the substance to be treated to generate ions, and an ion conduction phase that conducts ions from the reducing phase. And an oxidized phase that releases electrons from ions conducted through the ion conducting phase, but is not limited to these.
- an oxidation and Z or reduction catalyst having a function equivalent to these that is, an oxidation catalyst, a reduction catalyst, or an oxidation-reduction catalyst can be appropriately configured as a basic unit.
- those components are not particularly limited.
- the substance to be treated is a nitrogen oxide in the flue gas, which reduces nitrogen oxides in the reduction phase to generate oxygen ions and conducts oxygen ions in the ion conduction phase.
- the substance to be treated in the present invention is not limited to nitrogen oxides.
- the chemical reactor of the present invention is applicable to reducing carbon dioxide to produce carbon monoxide, producing a mixed gas of hydrogen and carbon monoxide from methane, or producing hydrogen from water. can do.
- the form of the chemical reaction system is, for example, tubular, flat, 82 cam
- one or more through holes having a pair of openings, such as a tubular or honeycomb shape, are provided, and the chemical reaction part is located in each through hole. Is preferred.
- the reducing phase is porous and made of a substance which selectively adsorbs a substance to be reacted.
- a conductive substance to supply electrons to the elements contained in the substance to be treated, to generate ions, and to transfer the generated ions to the ion conduction phase.
- the reducing phase is composed of a mixed conductive material having both electron conductivity and ionic conductivity in order to promote the transfer of electrons and ions, and is a mixture of an electron conductive material and an ion conductive material. More preferably, it consists of
- the reducing phase may have a structure in which at least two or more phases of these substances are stacked.
- the conductive substance and the ionic conductive substance used as the reducing phase are not particularly limited.
- the conductive substance for example, noble metals such as platinum and palladium, and metal oxides such as nickel oxide, cobalt oxide, copper oxide, lanthanum manganite, lanthanum cobaltite, and lanthanum chromite are used.
- a barrier-containing oxide celite that selectively adsorbs the substance to be treated and the like are also used as the reducing phase. It is also preferable to use at least one or more of the above substances as a mixture with at least one or more ion-conductive substances.
- the reducing phase has a structure in which the above-mentioned substances are laminated in at least two phases. More preferably, the reduced phase has a structure in which two phases of a conductive material phase composed of a noble metal such as platinum and a mixed phase of nickel oxide and zirconia stabilized with yttria or scandium oxide are laminated.
- the ion conductive phase is made of a solid electrolyte having ion conductivity, and preferably, a solid electrolyte having oxygen ion conductivity.
- the solid electrolyte having oxygen ion conductivity include zirconium gadolinium oxide stabilized with yttria or scandium oxide, ceria and lanthanum gallate stabilized with samarium oxide, but are not particularly limited. Absent.
- yttria having high conductivity and strength and excellent long-term stability or zirconium stabilized with scandium oxide is used.
- the oxidized phase contains a conductive material to release electrons from ions from the ion conductive phase.
- the conductive material is made of a mixed conductive material having both electron conductivity and ion conductivity, or is made of a mixture of an electron conductive material and an ion conductive material.
- the conductive substance and the ion conductive substance used as the oxidized phase are not particularly limited.
- the conductive substance for example, noble metals such as platinum and palladium, and metal oxides such as nickel oxide, cobalt oxide, copper oxide, lanthanum manganite, lanthanum cobaltite, and lanthanum chromite are used.
- the ion conductive material for example, zirconium gadolinium oxide stabilized with yttria or scandium oxide or ceria or lanthanum gallate stabilized with a summer oxide is used.
- the barrier layer is intended to prevent the supply of electrons necessary for generating oxygen ions when oxygen molecules are adsorbed on the surface.
- oxygen ions are installed in the chemical reaction section in order to prevent the metal (eg, metallic nickel) generated by the reduction reaction of the conductive oxide (eg, nickel oxide) from being reoxidized, and It has a material and a structure for preventing the supply electrons, particularly the reduction layer, from reaching the surface.
- This barrier layer is preferably an ionic conductor or mixed conductor or insulating.
- the ratio of the electron conductivity is as small as possible.
- the present invention provides an oxygen ion conductor (ion conduction phase) for performing a chemical reaction of a substance to be treated, and a force sword (reduction phase) and an anode (oxidation phase) opposed to each other with the oxygen ion conductor (oxidation phase) or oxidation and oxidation.
- a chemical reaction system in which a chemical reaction unit is constituted by using Z or a reduction catalyst as a basic unit, for example, a current is applied or an electric field is applied between a cathode and an anode of the chemical reaction unit, or reduction or reduction is performed under reduced pressure.
- a current is applied or an electric field is applied between a cathode and an anode of the chemical reaction unit, or reduction or reduction is performed under reduced pressure.
- the chemical reaction part energization, application of an electric field, Or a chemical reaction section in which a minute reaction area in which a redox reaction is performed on a substance to be treated is introduced in a part of the chemical reaction section by reduction or heat treatment under reduced pressure; and
- a chemical reaction there is a reduced phase that has selectivity for each of oxygen and the substance to be treated, and a pore having submicrometer pores required to efficiently supply and treat the substance to be treated to the reduced phase.
- the micro-reaction region is used as the micro-reaction area, at the contact point between the electron conduction phase and the ion conduction phase, at the metal phase part of the electron conduction phase, at the oxygen-deficient part of the ion conduction phase, and at the minute space around the contact point.
- a working electrode layer that controls the oxidation-reduction reaction is provided above the force sword, and the size of the nanometer to micrometer in which the oxidation-reduction is performed is in the same layer.
- the use of a chemical reaction section into which the micro-region is introduced is a preferred example.
- the working electrode layer located above the cathode in the chemical reaction section is formed by the present inventors with a high efficiency of adsorption and decomposition of the substance to be treated, which was previously found (Japanese Patent Application No. 2001-222). In addition to 504), it has a structure in which the adsorption of oxygen molecules and the adsorption of the substance to be treated can be performed simultaneously by separate substances suitable for each reaction.
- the metal phase formed by the reduction of the oxide or initially contained preferably in the form of ultrafine particles (100 to 100 nm in diameter for high reactivity)
- the ionic conduction existing in the vicinity Oxygen-deficient part of the phase (area estimated to be about 5 nm based on the calculation based on the Debye length) is in contact with each other, and a small space of about several to several hundred nm coexists around the contact part.
- the power consumption is significantly reduced by selectively adsorbing and decomposing oxygen molecules in the introduced gas into the oxygen-deficient portion and the object to be processed into the metal phase.
- this structure is It is formed by applying a current to the reaction system or performing a heat treatment in a reducing atmosphere or the like. That is, a reduced phase is formed by using an oxide that is relatively easily reduced and energizing at a high temperature of several 10 ° C. or more.
- the volume change of the crystal phase due to the oxidation-reduction reaction causes the formation of pores of nanometer to micrometer size suitable for the introduction of the gas to be treated, ultra-fine particles by recrystallization of the reduction phase, and further, A fine structure suitable for a highly efficient reaction such as the formation of an oxygen-deficient portion of the ion conductive phase through the oxidation-reduction reaction is formed.
- FIG. 4 shows an example of a local structure which is formed as described above and is desirable as an internal structure of the working electrode layer.
- a combination of an ion conductive phase and an electron conductive phase, a mixture of mixed conductive phases or a combination thereof with an ion conductive phase and an electronic conductive phase are possible.
- the material to be treated is nitrogen oxide, In particular, a metal phase such as nickel is more preferable because it exhibits high selective adsorption.
- a reducing agent which has already been described as a conventional technique, a structure in which carbon and the like are integrated in the chemical reaction system in advance, and carbon is formed during the chemical reaction
- a method of reducing the oxidized metal phase by oxidation has also been proposed (K.
- energization or the like is performed only when the performance of the chemical reaction system is degraded, so that oxygen adsorbed in the oxygen-deficient portion in the chemical reaction portion can be removed by ionizing and bombing. It is also possible to re-activate the reduction phase at the same time. As a result, in the present invention, the amount of current can be significantly reduced as compared with the amount of current for oxygen bombing required in the conventional electrochemical cell system.
- the reactivation by oxygen pumping in the present invention is performed by applying heat or applying a voltage or applying a heat treatment in a reducing atmosphere or the like to the chemical reaction system in a state of 400 to 700 C.
- the temperature is maintained at 400 to 700 C or the temperature is raised or lowered in the same temperature range, and a current or an electric field is applied between the power source and the anode for 1 minute to 3 hours.
- a treatment is performed.
- the processing temperature depends on the material and structure of the system. For example, use of yttria-stabilized zirconium as a solid electrolyte Around 560 ° C in the case of a cell, and around 450 ° C in the case of a cell type. Further, in the present invention, in the above chemical reaction system, the temperature is maintained at 500 ° C. or higher, or the temperature is raised or lowered in the same temperature range, and the heat treatment is performed in a reducing atmosphere or under reduced pressure. A method for activating a system is provided.
- the amount of current flow, applied voltage, current supply time, and partial pressure of oxygen or total pressure in the atmosphere are variable.
- the current is applied at 100 mA, 2 V for 1 hour (10% oxygen), and the nitrogen equivalent to that before the treatment is obtained.
- the degree of deterioration due to oxygen adsorption is about 20% during 100 hours of continuous operation (no power supply), and the performance is repeatedly restored by the above power supply treatment.
- the solid electrolyte of the oxygen ion conductor those having 1 0- 6 ⁇ ⁇ cm- 1 or more conductivity have you to use temperatures are used. If less than 10 16 ⁇ — 1 ⁇ cnr 1 , the conductivity is too low to electrochemically reduce or reduce the oxidized form (R) or reduced oxidized form (R ⁇ x ) at a sufficient rate. It cannot be oxidized, and the energy loss due to internal resistance is too large to be practical.
- the solid electrolyte of such oxygen ion conductors for example, Z r 0 2 system, C E_ ⁇ system, B i 2 0 3 system, L a G a0 3 based oxide are exemplified.
- the Z r 0 2 based oxide can be stabilize by Y and S c and the like. Further, in the C E_ ⁇ 2-based oxide can be stabilized with Gd and Sm and the like. In addition, a plurality of oxygen ion conductors may be used in a composite or laminated form. Especially, from the viewpoint of stability, removal of nitrogen oxides The purpose of, Z R_ ⁇ 2 based oxide.
- an electrode material consisting of an electron conductor having a Oite 1 0- 6 ⁇ - cm- 1 or more conductive to use temperatures are used.
- 1 0- 6 ⁇ "' ⁇ cm- electrochemically reduced Ah conductivity is too low instead oxidized at a rate sufficient Motokarada (R) or reduced oxidant (the R_ ⁇ x) is less than 1
- Motokarada (R) or reduced oxidant (the R_ ⁇ x) is less than 1
- electrode materials made of an electronic conductor include metals, stainless steel, alloys, electronic conductive oxides, and the like. Examples include carbon such as graphite and vitreous carbon, etc.
- noble metals such as platinum and palladium, nickel oxide, cobalt oxide, copper oxide, lanthanum manganite, and lanthanum cobaltite.
- Metal oxides such as lanthanum chromite are used, and a plurality of electron conductors may be used in a composite or laminated state, or in combination with a solid electrolyte of an oxygen ion conductor, or It may be a mixed conductor of elemental ion conductivity and electron conductivity, and the electrode material may be combined with a reduced or oxidized material, especially for the purpose of removing nitrogen oxides from the viewpoint of stability.
- Preferable is Au, Pt, Ag, Pd, Ni oxide, Cu oxide, Fe oxide, Mn oxide, or a combination thereof.
- the reductant (R) used in the present invention is composed of a metal or a suboxide, as long as it has the ability to reduce the oxide AO x (X is the oxidation number of A 12) as the reaction objective.
- alkaline earth metals such as Mg and Ca, Ti, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Ag, Z transition metals such as n, metals such as Al, Ga, In, and Sn; or Ti (III), V (IV, III, II), Cr (III, II), Mo (IV, III) , II), W (V, IV, III, II), Mn (III), Fe (II), Cu (I) and the like.
- the choice reaction From the viewpoint of performance for the purpose of removing nitrogen oxides, a metal or suboxide containing at least 50% of one or more elements selected from Ni and CtFe is preferable.
- the oxides AO x (X is the oxidation number of A of 1 to 2) which can be reduced by the reaction are, for example, organic substances containing oxygen, oxygen, water, nitrogen oxides and the like.
- x _ y (0 ⁇ y ⁇ x) can be reduced.
- the oxidant (R ⁇ x ) used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is composed of an oxide and has an ability to oxidize the compound A as a reaction target, and is not particularly limited. Transition metal oxides such as Ti, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Ag, Zn, Pd, Pt, Rh, Au, Ir, Al, Metal oxides such as Ga, In, and Sn are exemplified. In particular, from the viewpoint of selective reactivity, an oxide containing at least 50% of at least one element selected from Ni, Cu, Ag, and Pt is preferable for the purpose of oxidizing hydrocarbons and organic chlorine compounds.
- the compound A that can be oxidized by the reaction method using the oxidation-reduction reactor of the present invention is, for example, an organic substance, an organic chlorine compound, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide, ammonia, and the like. can you to oxidation to the oxide of A_ ⁇ y. In particular, it can partially oxidize hydrocarbons such as methane, ethane, propane, and butane to alcohols and carboxylic acids, and oxidatively decompose organic chlorine compounds such as dioxin.
- the oxidation-reduction reactor used in the present invention is used as a reduction reactor, for example, it is arranged in an array such as a reductant (R) / electrode Z and an oxygen ion conductor electrode, and is used as an oxidation reaction vessel.
- the electrodes are arranged like Z oxygen ion conductor Z electrode Z oxide (RO x ).
- the reduced form (R) and the electrode, and the electrode and the oxidized form (RO x ) may be a mixed phase of both.
- the size of the reduced nitrogen oxide is preferably in the range of 10 nm to l.
- the layer containing the reduced form (R) or the layer containing the oxidized form (RO x ) may be a porous body having pores in order to efficiently promote the redox reaction.
- the nitrogen oxide reductant used in the present invention includes one or more oxide-based electron conductors selected from Ni oxide, Cu oxide, Fe oxide, and Mn oxide, and a solid oxide ion conductor.
- original oxidant the y R 'O x, 'the O x _ y R' electrochemically R can be oxidized to O x by energizing the electrodes.
- Reductant by energizing between the electrodes regeneration into 'R or oxidant R' ⁇ x can be carried out even during the redox reaction, or may be reproduced even connexion energization regular intervals.
- the operating temperature is preferably from 300 ° C. to 100 ° C. at which sufficient conductivity of the solid electrolyte as the oxygen ion conductor can be obtained.
- the reduction reaction can be performed at a low temperature such as room temperature, and can be regenerated by heating to the above temperature only when the reductant R or the oxidant R ' ⁇ x is electrochemically regenerated.
- the reductant (R) or oxidant (R ⁇ x ) to be used can be arbitrarily selected according to the oxidation or reduction potential thereof by the reaction performed in the redox reactor.
- a highly selective reaction can be performed under conditions suitable for a desired reaction.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a chemical reaction system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is an example of a local structure desirable as an internal structure of a working electrode layer.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a chemical reaction system according to the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a performance diagram showing the relationship between the removal performance of nitrogen oxides and the amount of energizing current in comparison with the results of existing research and the performance of a reactor filed by the present inventors.
- FIG. 4 is an example of a local structure that is desirable as the internal structure of the working electrode layer.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a state of recovery of nitrogen oxide purification performance by energization treatment.
- the chemical reaction section 6 that composes the chemical reaction system 7 includes a working electrode layer 2, a force sword (reducing phase) 3, an ion conductive phase 4, and an anode (oxidizing phase). They are located in the order of 5 from the upstream side, and the barrier layer 1 is located on the upstream side. That is, the gas to be processed passes in the order of 1 to 5.
- FIG. 2 is an example of a minute reaction region having a desirable internal local structure in the working electrode layer 2 according to the present invention.
- nitrogen oxide is used as the substance to be treated.
- Zirconia stabilized with yttria was used as the ion-conductive phase 4, and its shape was a disk having a diameter of 20 mm and a thickness of 0.5 mm.
- the reducing phase 3 was a mixed layer of platinum and zirconia
- the working electrode layer 2 was a film made of a mixture of nickel oxide and yttria-stabilized zirconia.
- the platinum film was formed by screen printing on one surface of the ion conducting phase 4 so as to have an area of about 1.8 cm 2 , followed by heat treatment at 1200 ° C.
- the mixed film of nickel oxide and yttria-stabilized zirconia was formed by screen printing on a platinum film so as to have the same area as the platinum film, followed by heat treatment at 144 ° C.
- the mixing ratio of nickel oxide and yttria-stabilized zirconia was 6: 4 in molar ratio.
- Surface on the other side of the ion-conducting phase 4 with the reduced phase formed After a platinum film was screen-printed to have a volume of about 1.8 cm 2 , it was formed by heat treatment at 1200 ° C. to obtain an oxidized phase 5.
- the barrier layer 1 was formed on the working electrode layer 2 using a yttria-stabilized zirconia to a thickness of about 3 ⁇ m by screen printing and heat treatment at 1400 ° C. Further, the temperature was increased to 650 while applying a current of 1.2 V—25 mA between the force source 3 and the anode 5, and after maintaining for 1 hour, the current was stopped, and the temperature was gradually cooled.
- the method for treating nitrogen oxides by the chemical reaction system of the present invention thus formed is described below.
- the chemical reaction system 7 was arranged in the gas to be treated, and a platinum wire was fixed as a lead wire to the reducing phase 3 and the oxidizing phase 5, connected to a DC power supply, and a DC voltage was applied to flow a current.
- the evaluation was performed at a reaction temperature in the range of 500 ° C to 600 ° C '.
- a model combustion exhaust gas of nitrogen monoxide, 2 ⁇ m, oxygen 2%, and helium balance was flowed at a flow rate of 50 m1Zmin.
- the nitrogen oxide concentration in the target gas before and after flowing into the chemical reactor was measured by a chemiluminescence NOx meter, and the nitrogen and oxygen concentrations were measured by gas chromatography.
- the purification rate of nitrogen oxides was determined from the amount of nitrogen oxide reduction, and the current density and power consumption when the purification rate reached 50% were measured.
- FIG. 3 shows an example of the performance of the chemical reaction reactor of the present invention in comparison with the performance of the reactor of the present application and existing research results. From this figure, it is clear that the performance of the chemical reaction reactor of the present invention is superior to existing research results.
- Example 2
- Example 3 Regarding the energization heating treatment at the final stage of the production process of the chemical reaction system performed in the same manner as in Example 1, the temperature was raised to 65 ° while applying a current of 1.2 V—25 mA between the force source 3 and the anode 5. The temperature was raised to C, and after holding for 1 hour, the cycle of stopping power supply and gradually cooling was repeated four times, and the relationship between the number of treatments and the nitrogen oxide treatment capacity was examined. At this time, the removal rate of nitrogen oxides reached 50% at a current density of 25 mA / cm 2 and power consumption of 49 mW / cm 2 during the two-cycle processing, and a current density of 24 mAZcm 2 and power consumption during the three-cycle processing. Although it decreased by 47 mWZcm 2, the result of the four-cycle treatment was almost the same as that of the three-cycle treatment.
- Example 3 Example 3
- the chemical reaction section 6 that composes the chemical reaction system 7 includes, in the order of 2 to 5, the working electrode layer, the power source (reducing phase), the ion conducting phase, and the anode (oxidizing phase). ) Is located from the upstream side, and barrier layer 1 is located on the upstream side. That is, the gas to be processed passes in the order of 1 to 5.
- Zirconia stabilized with yttria was used as the ion-conductive phase 4, and its shape was a disk having a diameter of 20 mm and a thickness of 0.5 mm.
- the reducing phase 3 was a mixed layer of platinum and zirconia
- the working electrode layer 2 was a film made of a mixture of nickel oxide and yttria-stabilized zirconia.
- the platinum film was formed by screen printing on one surface of the ion conducting phase 4 so as to have an area of about 1.8 cm 2 , followed by heat treatment at 1200 ° C.
- a mixed film of nickel oxide and yttria-stabilized zirconia was formed by screen printing on a platinum film so as to have the same area as the platinum film, followed by heat treatment at 144.
- the mixing ratio of nickel oxide and yttria-stabilized zirconia was 6: 4 in molar ratio.
- a platinum film is screen-printed on the other surface of the ion-conductive phase 4 with the reduced phase formed so as to have an area of about 1.8 cm 2, and then formed by heat treatment at 1200 ° C. to form an oxidized phase. It was set to 5.
- the nori layer 1 was formed on the working electrode layer 2 with a thickness of about 3 ⁇ m by screen printing and heat treatment at 140 ° C. using yttria-stabilized zirconia.
- the temperature was raised to 65 O while a current of 1.2 V—25 mA was passed between the power source 3 and the anode 5, the current was stopped for 1 hour, and then the temperature was gradually lowered.
- the method for treating nitrogen oxides by the chemical reaction system of the present invention thus formed is described below.
- a chemical reaction system 7 was placed in the gas to be treated, and platinum wires were fixed as lead wires to the reducing phase 3 and the oxidizing phase 5, connected to a DC power supply, and a DC voltage was applied to flow a current.
- the system performance was evaluated at 600 ° C when power was applied, and at a reaction temperature of 350 ° C when power was not applied.
- a model combustion exhaust gas of 100 ppm of nitric oxide, 2% of oxygen, and a helium balance was flowed at a flow rate of 50 ml / min.
- the nitrogen oxide concentration in the gas to be treated before and after flowing into the chemical reaction system was measured by a chemiluminescence NOX meter, and the nitrogen and oxygen concentrations were measured by gas chromatography.
- the nitrogen oxide purification rate was determined from the nitrogen oxide reduction amount, and the current density and power consumption when the purification rate reached 50% were measured.
- the chemical reactor was heated to a reaction temperature of 600, and electricity was supplied to the chemical reaction section.
- the purification rate of nitrogen oxides increased as the amount of current increased, and at a current density of 31 mA / cm 2 and power consumption of 61 mW / cm 2 , the nitrogen oxides decreased to about 50%.
- the energization was stopped for one hour after the start of energization, and the measurement of the decomposition rate of nitrogen oxides was continued as it was. Although it decreased by about 10%, it showed a gradual decrease thereafter, and the continuous measurement for a total of 5 days (120 hours) showed a decrease of 5% or less, and the purification rate decreased over time.
- the present invention shows that at least about 84 minutes It was confirmed that it decreased to 1 or less.
- Example 6 Under the same chemical reaction system configuration conditions as in Example 4, To investigate compatibility, nitrogen oxide removal performance was examined by increasing the oxygen content from 2% to 10% and decreasing the concentration of nitrogen oxides from 100 ppm to 500 ppm. . The energization of the system was repeated three times for 10 minutes under the same temperature and power conditions as in Example 4. As shown in Fig. 5, the decomposition rate of nitrogen oxides decreased by more than 15% immediately after the start of the measurement, and fell below 30% at about 20 hours after the start of the measurement. However, after that, it gradually decreased and almost reached an equilibrium state from around 100 hours. After a lapse of 200 hours, the same energization treatment was performed again, thereby showing a change in the nitrogen oxide decomposition rate due to a lapse of time substantially similar to the first time. Example 6
- Zirconia stabilized with yttrium oxide is used as the solid electrolyte having oxygen ion conductivity, and its shape is 20 mm in diameter and 0.5 m in thickness. m disk shape.
- the electrode layer was a composite of zirconia stabilized with platinum and yttrium oxide in a volume ratio of 40:60.
- a composite in which zirconium stabilized with iron, platinum, and yttrium oxide was made to have a volume ratio of 30:30:40 was produced as an upper layer of the electrode layer.
- the electrode layer serving as a counter electrode was prepared as a composite by using platinum and zirconium stabilized with yttrium oxide in a volume ratio of 60:40 so that the same area would be provided on the opposite surface of the solid electrolyte plate.
- H 2 synthesis was performed by reducing H 2 O in the presence of 10% CO 2 . 4 0 0 to 8 0 0 ° temperature and C, by energizing between the electrodes, C 0 2 despite the presence of selectively reduced to the conversion of the H 2 9 0% of H 2 O At a high rate. Also, after the electrode is energized to regenerate the reductant, the energization is stopped and the H 2 ⁇ is selectively reduced to produce H 2 at a 50-80% conversion rate. When it became 50% or less, a current was passed between the electrodes to regenerate the reduced form. After the regeneration, the energization was stopped, and the reaction was carried out in the same manner as above. As a result, H 2 could be produced again at a conversion of 50 to 80%.
- Zirconia stabilized with yttrium oxide was used as the solid electrolyte having oxygen ion conductivity, and the shape was a disk having a diameter of 20 mm and a thickness of 0.5 mm.
- the electrode layer was a composite of platinum and zirconia stabilized with yttrium oxide with a volume ratio of 40:60.
- As the nitrogen oxide reduced layer a composite in which nickel oxide and zirconium stabilized with yttrium oxide and having a volume ratio of 40:60 was prepared as an upper layer of the electrode layer.
- the electrode layer serving as the counter electrode is made of platinum and zirconium stabilized with yttrium oxide in a volume ratio of 60:40 so that the same area is provided on the opposite surface of the solid electrolyte plate.
- a composite was prepared. By setting the temperature to 500 and passing current between the electrodes, the nickel oxide in the nitrogen oxide reduced layer was partially reduced to metal nickel particles having a size of 10 nm to form the final nitrogen oxide reduced layer. did
- Zirconia stabilized with yttrium oxide was used as a solid electrolyte having oxygen ion conductivity, and its shape was a disk having a diameter of 20 mm and a thickness of 0.5 mm.
- the electrode layer was a composite of lanthanum manganite and zirconium stabilized with yttrium oxide at a volume ratio of 50:50.
- the nitrogen oxide reduced layer was prepared by using a composite of nickel oxide and zirconium stabilized with yttrium oxide in a volume ratio of 40:60 as an upper layer of the electrode layer.
- the electrode layer serving as the counter electrode was made of La—Sr—Ca—Fe—O so that it had the same area on the opposite surface of the solid electrolyte plate. By passing a current between the electrodes at 500 ° C., nickel oxide in the nitrogen oxide reduced layer was partially reduced to metal nickel particles having a size of 50 nm to form a final nitrogen oxide reduced layer.
- NO was selectively reduced at a conversion of 65%. Also, after the electrode is energized to regenerate the reduced body, the energization is stopped and the NO is selectively reduced at a conversion of 50-80%. When the conversion becomes 50% or less, the electrode is turned off. Electricity was supplied during that time to regenerate the reductant. After the regeneration, the current was stopped and the reaction was carried out in the same manner as described above. As a result, N ⁇ was reduced again at a conversion of 50-80%.
- Zirconia stabilized with yttrium oxide was used as a solid electrolyte having oxygen ion conductivity, and its shape was a disk having a diameter of 20 mm and a thickness of 0.5 mm.
- the electrode layer was a composite of zirconia stabilized with platinum and yttrium oxide with a volume ratio of 40:60.
- As the oxide layer a composite in which zirconia stabilized by silver oxide, platinum, and yttrium oxide was set to a volume ratio of 30:30:40 was prepared as an upper layer of the electrode layer.
- the electrode layer serving as the counter electrode was prepared as a composite using platinum and zirconium stabilized with yttrium oxide in a volume ratio of 60:40 so that the same area would be provided on the opposite surface of the solid electrolyte plate.
- CH 3 OH was synthesized by partial oxidation of CH 4 in the presence of 5% C%.
- CH 4 was selectively oxidized in the presence of CO to produce CH 3 OH at a conversion rate of 95%.
- the electrode is energized to regenerate the oxidant
- the energization is stopped and the CH 4 is selectively oxidized to produce CH 3 OH at a conversion of 60-80%, with a conversion of 60%.
- electricity was supplied between the electrodes to regenerate the oxidant.
- the energization was stopped and the reaction was carried out in the same manner as above.
- CH OH could be produced again with a conversion of 60 to 80%.
- Zirconia stabilized with yttrium oxide was used as a solid electrolyte having oxygen ion conductivity, and its shape was a disk having a diameter of 20 mm and a thickness of 0.5 mm.
- the electrode layer was a composite of zirconia stabilized with platinum and yttrium oxide with a volume ratio of 40:60.
- As the oxide layer a composite in which zirconia stabilized with copper oxide, platinum, and yttrium oxide was set to a volume ratio of 40:30:30 was prepared as an upper layer of the electrode layer.
- the electrode layer serving as the counter electrode was prepared as a composite by using lanthanum manganate and zirconium stabilized with yttrium oxide in a volume ratio of 60:40 so that the same area would be provided on the opposite surface of the solid electrolyte plate.
- the oxide layer is Silver, tungsten oxide, C stabilized with Sm E_ ⁇ 2 based oxide at a volume ratio of 20: 2 0: 30: 30 and the complex was created manufactured as an upper layer of the electrode layer.
- a micro-reaction region in which a redox reaction of an object to be processed is performed can be introduced into a part of the chemical reaction section of the chemical reaction system.
- An interface consisting of a metal phase part of the electron conduction phase, an oxygen deficient part of the ion conduction phase, and a minute space (void) around the contact point was formed at the contact point of the electron conduction phase at the ion conduction phase.
- a chemical reaction system having a chemical reaction section can be provided.
- Nitrogen oxides can be purified efficiently with low power consumption.
- a third aspect of the present invention relates to a reaction method based on a redox reaction, and the present invention has the following effects.
- a reduced form or an oxidized form can be selected from various substances having an oxidizing and reducing ability according to the reaction. Desired substances such as compounds, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, ammonia, and nitrogen oxides can be oxidized or reduced with high selectivity.
- the present invention can be used, for example, for synthesizing useful substances such as hydrogen, methanol, and acetic acid, removing impurities, and removing harmful substances such as dioxin and nitrogen oxides in exhaust gas.
- the reductant or the oxidant is energized. Since they can be regenerated, there is no need to replace them, and a reaction method with a light maintenance load can be provided.
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CNB038171007A CN100337739C (zh) | 2002-07-31 | 2003-07-31 | 电化学电池型化学反应系统,其活化法及反应法 |
DE10392987T DE10392987T5 (de) | 2002-07-31 | 2003-07-31 | Chemisches Reaktionssystem des galvanischen Zellentyps, Verfahren zur Aktivierung dieses und Verfahren zur Reaktion |
AU2003252442A AU2003252442A1 (en) | 2002-07-31 | 2003-07-31 | Chemical reaction system of electrochemical cell type, method for activation thereof and method for reaction |
US10/522,174 US20060118409A1 (en) | 2002-07-31 | 2003-07-31 | Chemical reaction system of electrochemical cell type, method for activation thereof and method for reaction |
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JP2002224025A JP4201319B2 (ja) | 2002-07-31 | 2002-07-31 | 電気化学セル型化学反応システム |
JP2002-224025 | 2002-07-31 | ||
JP2002-224126 | 2002-07-31 | ||
JP2002-321886 | 2002-11-05 | ||
JP2002321886A JP4267296B2 (ja) | 2002-11-05 | 2002-11-05 | 酸化還元反応器による反応方法 |
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EP2835171A1 (en) | 2013-08-08 | 2015-02-11 | Technical University of Denmark | Method and system for the purification of exhaust gas with an electrochemical cell |
CN105169900A (zh) * | 2014-05-30 | 2015-12-23 | 通用电气公司 | 氮氧化物分解方法和装置 |
JP6401108B2 (ja) * | 2015-05-08 | 2018-10-03 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
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CN110586073B (zh) * | 2019-10-23 | 2022-03-25 | 中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所 | 一种用于催化氧化消除窑炉烟气中二噁英的催化剂及其制备方法 |
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