JP5527395B2 - 接着剤組成物、接着シート及び接続構造体 - Google Patents

接着剤組成物、接着シート及び接続構造体 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
JP5527395B2
JP5527395B2 JP2012273669A JP2012273669A JP5527395B2 JP 5527395 B2 JP5527395 B2 JP 5527395B2 JP 2012273669 A JP2012273669 A JP 2012273669A JP 2012273669 A JP2012273669 A JP 2012273669A JP 5527395 B2 JP5527395 B2 JP 5527395B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
group
adhesive composition
substrate
adhesive
connection
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
JP2012273669A
Other languages
English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JP2013144793A (ja
Inventor
弘行 伊澤
征宏 有福
弘 横田
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Resonac Corp
Original Assignee
Hitachi Chemical Co Ltd
Showa Denko Materials Co Ltd
Resonac Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hitachi Chemical Co Ltd, Showa Denko Materials Co Ltd, Resonac Corp filed Critical Hitachi Chemical Co Ltd
Priority to JP2012273669A priority Critical patent/JP5527395B2/ja
Publication of JP2013144793A publication Critical patent/JP2013144793A/ja
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP5527395B2 publication Critical patent/JP5527395B2/ja
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09JADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J175/00Adhesives based on polyureas or polyurethanes; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C09J175/04Polyurethanes
    • C09J175/06Polyurethanes from polyesters
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09JADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J11/00Features of adhesives not provided for in group C09J9/00, e.g. additives
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09JADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J11/00Features of adhesives not provided for in group C09J9/00, e.g. additives
    • C09J11/02Non-macromolecular additives
    • C09J11/06Non-macromolecular additives organic
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09JADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J171/00Adhesives based on polyethers obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C09J171/08Polyethers derived from hydroxy compounds or from their metallic derivatives
    • C09J171/10Polyethers derived from hydroxy compounds or from their metallic derivatives from phenols
    • C09J171/12Polyphenylene oxides
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09JADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J175/00Adhesives based on polyureas or polyurethanes; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C09J175/04Polyurethanes
    • C09J175/14Polyurethanes having carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C09J175/16Polyurethanes having carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds having terminal carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09JADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J201/00Adhesives based on unspecified macromolecular compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09JADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J7/00Adhesives in the form of films or foils
    • C09J7/20Adhesives in the form of films or foils characterised by their carriers
    • C09J7/22Plastics; Metallised plastics
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09JADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J7/00Adhesives in the form of films or foils
    • C09J7/30Adhesives in the form of films or foils characterised by the adhesive composition
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09JADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J7/00Adhesives in the form of films or foils
    • C09J7/30Adhesives in the form of films or foils characterised by the adhesive composition
    • C09J7/35Heat-activated
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09JADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J9/00Adhesives characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced, e.g. glue sticks
    • C09J9/02Electrically-conducting adhesives
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02SGENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S30/00Structural details of PV modules other than those related to light conversion
    • H02S30/10Frame structures
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05KPRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K3/00Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
    • H05K3/30Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistor
    • H05K3/32Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistor electrically connecting electric components or wires to printed circuits
    • H05K3/321Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistor electrically connecting electric components or wires to printed circuits by conductive adhesives
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09JADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J2203/00Applications of adhesives in processes or use of adhesives in the form of films or foils
    • C09J2203/322Applications of adhesives in processes or use of adhesives in the form of films or foils for the production of solar panels
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09JADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J2301/00Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils
    • C09J2301/40Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils characterized by the presence of essential components
    • C09J2301/41Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils characterized by the presence of essential components additives as essential feature of the carrier layer
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09JADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J2471/00Presence of polyether
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09JADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J2475/00Presence of polyurethane
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L2224/00Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
    • H01L2224/80Methods for connecting semiconductor or other solid state bodies using means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected
    • H01L2224/83Methods for connecting semiconductor or other solid state bodies using means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected using a layer connector
    • H01L2224/831Methods for connecting semiconductor or other solid state bodies using means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected using a layer connector the layer connector being supplied to the parts to be connected in the bonding apparatus
    • H01L2224/83101Methods for connecting semiconductor or other solid state bodies using means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected using a layer connector the layer connector being supplied to the parts to be connected in the bonding apparatus as prepeg comprising a layer connector, e.g. provided in an insulating plate member
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L2924/00Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
    • H01L2924/06Polymers
    • H01L2924/078Adhesive characteristics other than chemical
    • H01L2924/0781Adhesive characteristics other than chemical being an ohmic electrical conductor
    • H01L2924/07811Extrinsic, i.e. with electrical conductive fillers
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50Photovoltaic [PV] energy

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
  • Wire Bonding (AREA)
  • Adhesive Tapes (AREA)
JP2012273669A 2011-12-16 2012-12-14 接着剤組成物、接着シート及び接続構造体 Active JP5527395B2 (ja)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2012273669A JP5527395B2 (ja) 2011-12-16 2012-12-14 接着剤組成物、接着シート及び接続構造体

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2011275800 2011-12-16
JP2011275800 2011-12-16
JP2012273669A JP5527395B2 (ja) 2011-12-16 2012-12-14 接着剤組成物、接着シート及び接続構造体

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JP2013144793A JP2013144793A (ja) 2013-07-25
JP5527395B2 true JP5527395B2 (ja) 2014-06-18

Family

ID=48583781

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP2012273669A Active JP5527395B2 (ja) 2011-12-16 2012-12-14 接着剤組成物、接着シート及び接続構造体

Country Status (4)

Country Link
JP (1) JP5527395B2 (zh)
KR (1) KR102152474B1 (zh)
CN (2) CN105907355B (zh)
TW (1) TWI580745B (zh)

Families Citing this family (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP6123547B2 (ja) * 2013-07-26 2017-05-10 日立化成株式会社 回路接続材料、回路接続構造体、回路接続構造体の製造方法、接着剤組成物、及び接着剤シート
JP6232855B2 (ja) * 2013-08-30 2017-11-22 デクセリアルズ株式会社 ラジカル重合型接着剤組成物、及び電気接続体の製造方法
WO2015033834A1 (ja) * 2013-09-05 2015-03-12 積水化学工業株式会社 硬化性組成物及び接続構造体
JP6330346B2 (ja) * 2014-01-29 2018-05-30 日立化成株式会社 接着剤組成物、接着剤組成物を用いた電子部材、及び半導体装置の製造方法
KR101469199B1 (ko) * 2014-04-15 2014-12-09 한상용 입체 라벨 및 그 제조방법
JP2016044222A (ja) * 2014-08-21 2016-04-04 日立化成株式会社 接着剤組成物及び接続構造体
JP6461577B2 (ja) * 2014-11-28 2019-01-30 東洋アルミニウム株式会社 Rfid用インレットアンテナ及びrfid並びにそれらの製造方法
JP6487203B2 (ja) * 2014-12-24 2019-03-20 スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー 意匠転写シート、並びに加飾フィルム及びその製造方法
CN107429143B (zh) * 2015-04-23 2019-08-16 日立化成株式会社 粘接剂组合物和连接结构体
JP6428716B2 (ja) * 2016-07-12 2018-11-28 千住金属工業株式会社 導電性接着剤、接合体および継手
CN110582840A (zh) * 2017-04-21 2019-12-17 日立化成株式会社 半导体装置及其制造方法
DE102019121371B4 (de) * 2018-08-08 2022-10-06 Lg Display Co., Ltd. Integrierte-Schaltung-Baugruppe und diese verwendende Anzeigevorrichtung
JP2019026851A (ja) * 2018-09-19 2019-02-21 日立化成株式会社 接着剤組成物及び接続構造体
KR102387071B1 (ko) * 2019-08-06 2022-04-18 주식회사 비티엘첨단소재 이차전지용 알루미늄 파우치 필름 및 이의 제조방법
JP2020111760A (ja) * 2020-04-07 2020-07-27 日立化成株式会社 接着剤組成物及び接続構造体
WO2022190920A1 (ja) * 2021-03-10 2022-09-15 富士フイルム株式会社 アンダーフィル組成物、塗布膜、硬化膜、多層配線基板および多層配線基板の製造方法

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2610900B2 (ja) 1987-10-27 1997-05-14 ソニーケミカル 株式会社 熱硬化型異方性導電接着シート及びその製造方法
JP3998737B2 (ja) * 1996-05-22 2007-10-31 株式会社トクヤマ 歯科用接着性組成物
AU6520798A (en) 1997-03-31 1998-10-22 Hitachi Chemical Company, Ltd. Circuit connecting material, and structure and method of connecting circuit terminal
EP0889360B1 (de) * 1997-06-30 2002-01-30 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Reaktionsharzmischungen und deren Verwendung
JPH11140383A (ja) * 1997-11-07 1999-05-25 Tokuyama Corp 接着性組成物
US6045895A (en) * 1997-12-01 2000-04-04 3M Innovative Properties Company Multilayer films having pressure sensitive adhesive layers
JP4514848B2 (ja) 1999-04-09 2010-07-28 サンメディカル株式会社 重合開始剤およびこれを用いた歯科用材料
KR20130006549A (ko) * 2008-04-17 2013-01-16 히다치 가세고교 가부시끼가이샤 접착제 조성물, 회로 접속용 접착제, 접속체 및 반도체 장치
JP5561949B2 (ja) * 2009-04-08 2014-07-30 日東電工株式会社 熱硬化型ダイボンドフィルム
JP5527600B2 (ja) * 2009-10-07 2014-06-18 日立化成株式会社 エポキシ樹脂組成物及びそれを用いた電子部品装置
JP4844677B2 (ja) * 2010-01-27 2011-12-28 日立化成工業株式会社 回路接続材料、回路部材の接続構造及び回路部材の接続方法。

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
TW201333133A (zh) 2013-08-16
TWI580745B (zh) 2017-05-01
CN105907355B (zh) 2019-03-08
JP2013144793A (ja) 2013-07-25
CN103160238B (zh) 2016-09-28
KR102152474B1 (ko) 2020-09-04
KR20130069499A (ko) 2013-06-26
CN105907355A (zh) 2016-08-31
CN103160238A (zh) 2013-06-19

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
JP5527395B2 (ja) 接着剤組成物、接着シート及び接続構造体
JP5527394B2 (ja) 接着剤組成物、接着シート及び接続構造体
JP5855459B2 (ja) 回路部材の接続構造体
JP5454578B2 (ja) 接着剤組成物、接続構造体、接続構造体の製造方法及び接着剤組成物の応用
JP5594359B2 (ja) 接着剤組成物及びその使用、並びに、回路部材の接続構造体及びその製造方法
JP6024261B2 (ja) 回路接続用接着剤、回路部材の接続構造体及び太陽電池モジュール
JP6834946B2 (ja) 接着剤組成物及び接続構造体
JP2018188646A (ja) 接着剤組成物、フィルム状接着剤、接着シート、回路接続体、回路部材の接続方法、接着剤組成物の使用、フィルム状接着剤の使用及び接着シートの使用
JP2014031444A (ja) 回路接続用接着剤組成物、接着シート、接着剤リール及び回路部材の接続構造体
JP6107345B2 (ja) 接着剤組成物、回路接続用接着剤及び回路部材の接続構造体
JP2015151536A (ja) 接着剤組成物及び接続構造体
KR102373783B1 (ko) 접착제 조성물 및 접속 구조체
JP2019026851A (ja) 接着剤組成物及び接続構造体
JP2020111760A (ja) 接着剤組成物及び接続構造体

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
A977 Report on retrieval

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007

Effective date: 20131219

A131 Notification of reasons for refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131

Effective date: 20140121

A521 Request for written amendment filed

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20140218

TRDD Decision of grant or rejection written
A01 Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01

Effective date: 20140318

A61 First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61

Effective date: 20140331

R151 Written notification of patent or utility model registration

Ref document number: 5527395

Country of ref document: JP

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R151

S531 Written request for registration of change of domicile

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R313531

S533 Written request for registration of change of name

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R313533

R350 Written notification of registration of transfer

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R350

S531 Written request for registration of change of domicile

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R313531

R350 Written notification of registration of transfer

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R350