JP5514440B2 - 燃料電池構成要素に使用するポリマー - Google Patents
燃料電池構成要素に使用するポリマー Download PDFInfo
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- JP5514440B2 JP5514440B2 JP2008533729A JP2008533729A JP5514440B2 JP 5514440 B2 JP5514440 B2 JP 5514440B2 JP 2008533729 A JP2008533729 A JP 2008533729A JP 2008533729 A JP2008533729 A JP 2008533729A JP 5514440 B2 JP5514440 B2 JP 5514440B2
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- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims description 93
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title description 20
- 210000003850 cellular structure Anatomy 0.000 title description 7
- -1 Aryl ether sulfone Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920000110 poly(aryl ether sulfone) Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910001463 metal phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 4
- UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphonate Chemical compound [O-]P(=O)=O UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 38
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 34
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 19
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 15
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 12
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 12
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 12
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 9
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000002322 conducting polymer Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 7
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 5
- VLTYTTRXESKBKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,4-dichlorophenyl)-phenylmethanone Chemical compound ClC1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 VLTYTTRXESKBKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphonic acid group Chemical group P(O)(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical class OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- QOKYJGZIKILTCY-UHFFFAOYSA-J hydrogen phosphate;zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [Zr+4].OP([O-])([O-])=O.OP([O-])([O-])=O QOKYJGZIKILTCY-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 3
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- IYDGMDWEHDFVQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;trioxotungsten Chemical compound O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.OP(O)(O)=O IYDGMDWEHDFVQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920005597 polymer membrane Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000166 zirconium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- WVDRSXGPQWNUBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(4-carboxyphenoxy)benzoic acid Chemical compound C1=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C1OC1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 WVDRSXGPQWNUBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 0 CC*C(C=C1)=CCC1Oc(cc1)c(*(CC)*(CC)*C2CC2)cc1OC(C)(C)C(C)C Chemical compound CC*C(C=C1)=CCC1Oc(cc1)c(*(CC)*(CC)*C2CC2)cc1OC(C)(C)C(C)C 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Indole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC=CC2=C1 SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004696 Poly ether ether ketone Substances 0.000 description 2
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000003709 fluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 2
- 239000005457 ice water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005548 perfluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002530 polyetherether ketone Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- HIFJUMGIHIZEPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid;sulfur trioxide Chemical compound O=S(=O)=O.OS(O)(=O)=O HIFJUMGIHIZEPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BCMCBBGGLRIHSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-benzoxazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC=NC2=C1 BCMCBBGGLRIHSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HYZJCKYKOHLVJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-benzimidazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC=NC2=C1 HYZJCKYKOHLVJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IYXKXPQZEBWDRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phosphonooxybenzenesulfonic acid Chemical class OP(O)(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1S(O)(=O)=O IYXKXPQZEBWDRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KGIGUEBEKRSTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-vinylpyridine Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=N1 KGIGUEBEKRSTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GPAPPPVRLPGFEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-dichlorodiphenyl sulfone Chemical compound C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 GPAPPPVRLPGFEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSQARZALBDFYQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-difluorobenzophenone Chemical compound C1=CC(F)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LSQARZALBDFYQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CARJPEPCULYFFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-Sulfo-1,3-benzenedicarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(C(O)=O)=CC(S(O)(=O)=O)=C1 CARJPEPCULYFFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001732 Lignosulfonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920008285 Poly(ether ketone) PEK Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920012266 Poly(ether sulfone) PES Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001665 Poly-4-vinylphenol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008378 aryl ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- XSCHRSMBECNVNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzopyrazine Natural products N1=CC=NC2=CC=CC=C21 XSCHRSMBECNVNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005620 boronic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002843 carboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- MEAHOQPOZNHISZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M cesium;hydrogen sulfate Chemical compound [Cs+].OS([O-])(=O)=O MEAHOQPOZNHISZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000011180 diphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 1
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004811 fluoropolymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000415 inactivating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000976 ink Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphinic acid Chemical group O[PH2]=O ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DHRLEVQXOMLTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;trioxomolybdenum Chemical compound O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.OP(O)(O)=O DHRLEVQXOMLTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFSXCDWNBUNEEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalazine Chemical compound C1=NN=CC2=CC=CC=C21 LFSXCDWNBUNEEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002490 poly(thioether-sulfone) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000137 polyphosphoric acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CGFYHILWFSGVJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid;trioxotungsten Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O.O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1.O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1.O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1.O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 CGFYHILWFSGVJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052716 thallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/20—Manufacture of shaped structures of ion-exchange resins
- C08J5/22—Films, membranes or diaphragms
- C08J5/2206—Films, membranes or diaphragms based on organic and/or inorganic macromolecular compounds
- C08J5/2218—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
- C08J5/2256—Synthetic macromolecular compounds based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions other than those involving carbon-to-carbon bonds, e.g. obtained by polycondensation
- C08J5/2262—Synthetic macromolecular compounds based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions other than those involving carbon-to-carbon bonds, e.g. obtained by polycondensation containing fluorine
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G61/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G61/02—Macromolecular compounds containing only carbon atoms in the main chain of the macromolecule, e.g. polyxylylenes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G61/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/06—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances
- H01B1/12—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances organic substances
- H01B1/122—Ionic conductors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8605—Porous electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/102—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer
- H01M8/1025—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having only carbon and oxygen, e.g. polyethers, sulfonated polyetheretherketones [S-PEEK], sulfonated polysaccharides, sulfonated celluloses or sulfonated polyesters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/102—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer
- H01M8/1027—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having carbon, oxygen and other atoms, e.g. sulfonated polyethersulfones [S-PES]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/102—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer
- H01M8/103—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having nitrogen, e.g. sulfonated polybenzimidazoles [S-PBI], polybenzimidazoles with phosphoric acid, sulfonated polyamides [S-PA] or sulfonated polyphosphazenes [S-PPh]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/102—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer
- H01M8/1032—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having sulfur, e.g. sulfonated-polyethersulfones [S-PES]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
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Description
このポリマーは、プロトン伝導性の炭化水素系ポリマーである。「プロトン伝導性」とは、プロトンが、燃料電池のポリマー電解質膜として使用するのに十分な速度でポリマーの膜を通過して拡散することが、ポリマーによって可能になることを意味する。「炭化水素系」とは、他の原子も存在し得るが、ポリマーは主にその主鎖に沿って炭素原子および水素原子で構成されていることを意味する。これには、米国特許第5094995号(本明細書に参照により組み込まれている)に開示されているようなNafion(登録商標)タイプのパーフルオロポリマーは含まれない。
該ポリマーは、芳香族炭化水素ポリマーの主鎖と、主鎖に結合した側鎖とを含む。いくつかの実施形態において、側鎖は−CH2−基または−CF2−基を含む。該ポリマーは、主鎖と側鎖との両方に結合した、上記の酸性基なども含む。好ましくは、酸性基の約65重量%未満が側鎖に結合している。
該ポリマーは、芳香族炭化水素ポリマーの主鎖を含む。該ポリマーは、少なくとも1個のアリール環を含む、主鎖に結合した側鎖も含む。いくつかの実施形態において、側鎖は少なくとも2個または3個のアリール環を含む。側鎖は、アリール環に加えて他の基を含んでもよい。
R=H、Li、Na、K、Csであり、
X=F、Clであり
Y=結合、−C(=O)−、−SO2−、−C(CF3)2−、−(CH2)n− n=1〜10であり、
Q=結合、アリール、アルキル、フルオロアルキル、縮合複素環などである。]
該ポリマーは、脂肪族炭化水素ポリマーの主鎖を含む。該ポリマーは、少なくとも1個の不活性化アリール環を含む、主鎖に結合した側鎖と、側鎖の不活性化アリール環に結合した酸性基とをも含む。「不活性化」アリール環とは、プロトン伝導性の酸性基が、スルホン、ケトン、ニトリル、ニトロ、四級アンモニウム塩などの不活性化した官能基に対してメタ配置されていることを意味する。これら不活性化官能基によって、芳香環は、燃料電池の作動条件下でプロトン伝導性酸性基が膜から脱離しにくくなる。酸性基を不活性化アリール環上に配置することによって、燃料電池作動中の脱離反応および望まない架橋を回避し得る。
R=H、Li、Na、K、Csであり、
X=F、Clであり、
Y=結合、−C(=O)−、−SO2−、−C(CF3)2−、−(CH2)n−、n=1〜10であり、
Q=結合、アリール、アルキル、フルオロアルキル、縮合複素環などである。]
該ポリマーは脂肪族炭化水素ポリマーの主鎖を含む。該ポリマーは、−CF2−基を含む側鎖も含む。いくつかの実施形態において、側鎖は2〜3個またはそれ以上の−CF2−基を含む。該ポリマーは、側鎖に結合している酸性基も含む。いくつかの実施形態において、酸性基は、側鎖の端に結合している。
該ポリマーは、本発明の最初の5つの実施形態に記載したポリマーのいずれかを含み、ポリマーに化学結合した(共有結合またはイオン結合した)1種または複数の無機添加剤をさらに含む。添加剤はポリマーの特性を改善する。そのような添加剤は、例えばイミダゾール、リグノスルホネート、リンタングステン酸、ポリタングステン酸、硫酸水素セシウム、ジルコニウムオキシ塩、リンモリブデン酸、またはケイタングステン酸を含み得る。
該ポリマーは、本発明の最初の5つの実施形態に記載したすべてのポリマーを含み、ポリマーに化学結合した金属リン酸塩または金属ホスホン酸塩をさらに含む。これらの材料とポリマーとの物理的ブレンドとは対照的に、本発明の化学結合した材料は燃料電池構成要素に有利な結果を生じ得る。任意の適切なリン酸塩もしくはホスホン酸塩またはその組合せを使用することができる。いくつかの非限定的な例は、金属リン酸塩、金属ホスホン酸塩、金属リン酸水素塩、金属ホスホン酸水素塩、金属ピロリン酸塩、および金属スルホフェニルリン酸塩を含む。任意の適切な金属グループまたはその組合せを使用することができる。いくつかの非限定的な例は、Ti、V、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Zr、Mo、Ru、Rh、Pd、Ag、Cd、W、Pt、およびAuなどの遷移金属、ならびにB、Al、Ga、In、Tl、Si、Ge、Sn、Se、およびTeなどの非遷移金属を含む。一実施態様において、ジルコニウムが好ましい金属である。
標準的な実験手順で、オーバーヘッド・スターラー、不活性ガス注入口およびコンデンサーを備えた250ミリリットル(ml)の三ツ口丸底フラスコ内で2,4−ジクロロベンゾフェノン10gを計量した。発煙硫酸(15ml)をゆっくりとフラスコに加えた。フラスコの内容物を、油浴を用いてゆっくりと110℃に加熱し、その温度で2時間維持し、次いで室温に冷却した。その溶液を250mlの氷水に注いだ。酸性溶液をNaOHで中和し、NaClを用いて塩析した。生成物をろ過で単離し、NaCl飽和溶液で数回洗浄した。次いで生成物を熱エタノールから再結晶化した。
攪拌棒、熱電対、Dean Starkコンデンサー、およびガスパージ用の注入口が取り付けてある樹脂製反応釜(resin kettle)に、ビスフェノールA(5.0018g、0.0219モル)と、4,4’−ジフルオロベンゾフェノン(3.3425、0.0153モル)、2,4−ジクロロベンゾフェノン(1.6575g、0.0066モル)、K2CO3(6.1g)、80mlのN−メチル−2−ピロリジノン、および40mlのトルエンを仕込んだ。還流温度に達するまで(〜133℃)試薬をゆっくりと加熱し、還流を4時間維持する。トルエンを徐々に取り去り、温度を180℃まで上げた。その温度で反応を20時間維持した。20時間の終わりに、反応混合液を80℃まで冷却し、ワットマン濾紙No.4を取り付けたブフナーロートを用いて、ポリマー溶液をろ過した。ろ過したポリマー溶液を、水中で沈殿させ、真空炉内で、120℃で24時間乾燥させることにより単離した。原理上は、2,4−ジクロロベンゾフェノンの代わりにモノマー(1)を使用して、アリールスルホン酸側鎖を有するPEMを得ることができる。
モノマー2を上記の反応スキームに従い合成した。標準的な実験手順で、オーバーヘッド・スターラー、不活性ガス注入口およびコンデンサーを備えた250mlの三ツ口丸底フラスコ内で4−クロロフェニルスルホン10gを計量した。発煙硫酸(40g)をゆっくりとフラスコに加えた。フラスコの内容物を、油浴を用いてゆっくりと110℃に加熱し、その温度で2時間維持し、次いで室温に冷却した。その溶液を250mlの氷水に注いだ。酸性溶液をNaOHで中和し、NaClを用いて塩析した。生成物をろ過で単離し、NaCl飽和溶液で数回洗浄した。次いで生成物を熱エタノールから再結晶化した。
攪拌棒、熱電対、Dean Starkコンデンサー、およびガスパージ用の注入口が取り付けてある100mlの三ツ口丸底フラスコに、1gのポリ(4−ビニルフェノール)(Aldrich社製の、平均分子量8000を有するもの)、1.22gのモノマー2(0.0028モル)、K2CO3(0.4g、0.0029モル)、25mlのN,N−ジメチルアセトアミド、および25mlのトルエンを仕込んだ。還流温度に達するまで(〜133℃)まで試薬をゆっくりと加熱し、還流を4時間維持する。トルエンを徐々に取り去り、温度を160℃まで上げた。その温度で反応を20時間維持した。20時間の終わりに、反応混合液を80℃まで冷却し、ワットマン濾紙No.4を取り付けたブフナーロートを用いて、ポリマー溶液をろ過した。ろ過したポリマー溶液を、水中で沈殿させ、真空炉内で、120℃で24時間乾燥させることにより単離した。
スルホン酸%が約35%の寸法既知(4cm×4cm)のスルホン化ポリ(アリールエーテルスルホン)膜をビーカーの中に取り、ZrOCl2・8H2Oの水溶液50ml(10重量/体積%)を加えた。内容物を60℃に2時間加熱した。膜を取り出し、膜表面上の過剰な溶液を、ワットマン4濾紙を用いて拭い取り、1N H3PO4中に60℃で2時間含浸した。最後に、膜を洗浄液がリトマス試験紙で中性になるまで良く水洗した。
スルホン酸%が約35%の寸法既知(4cm×4cm)のスルホン化ポリ(アリールエーテルスルホン)膜をビーカーの中に取り、1NのH3PO450mlを加えた。内容物を60℃で2時間加熱した。膜をリトマス試験紙で中性になるまで良く水洗した。次いで膜を50mlのリンタングステン酸水溶液(10重量/体積%)内で含浸した。内容物を60℃に2時間加熱した。膜を取り出し、膜表面上の過剰な溶液を、ワットマン4濾紙を用いて拭い取り、乾燥させた。
Claims (2)
- ポリ(アリールエーテルスルフォン)ポリマーの主鎖と、前記主鎖のベンゼン環に結合した脂肪族炭化水素側鎖と、前記側鎖に結合したスルフォン酸基とを含み、前記スルフォン酸基が前記主鎖から7〜12炭素原子離れている前記側鎖上の炭素原子に結合しており、前記スルフォン酸基が主鎖から6炭素原子を超えた位置にある−CH2−に結合するように、前記側鎖は直鎖状に結合した6個を超える−CH2−を含んでいて、前記ポリマーは化学的にポリマーと結合したリン酸金属塩またはホスホン酸金属塩をさらに含む、プロトン伝導性ポリ(アリールエーテルスルフォン)ポリマー。
- 金属リン酸塩または金属ホスホン酸塩の金属が遷移金属である、請求項1に記載のプロトン伝導性ポリ(アリールエーテルスルフォン)ポリマー。
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US72285705P | 2005-09-30 | 2005-09-30 | |
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US60/731,441 | 2005-10-28 | ||
US73681505P | 2005-11-15 | 2005-11-15 | |
US60/736,815 | 2005-11-15 | ||
US74865805P | 2005-12-08 | 2005-12-08 | |
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-
2006
- 2006-09-29 EP EP11170814A patent/EP2383827A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-09-29 EP EP06836164.1A patent/EP1958285B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2006-09-29 JP JP2008533729A patent/JP5514440B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-09-29 CA CA2878756A patent/CA2878756A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-09-29 US US11/992,827 patent/US8222367B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-09-29 WO PCT/US2006/038281 patent/WO2007041415A2/en active Application Filing
- 2006-09-29 CA CA2624452A patent/CA2624452C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-09-29 KR KR1020087010334A patent/KR101354298B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2012
- 2012-12-19 JP JP2012276672A patent/JP2013082931A/ja active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2007041415A3 (en) | 2007-06-14 |
CA2624452A1 (en) | 2007-04-12 |
EP1958285A2 (en) | 2008-08-20 |
JP2009510231A (ja) | 2009-03-12 |
KR101354298B1 (ko) | 2014-02-07 |
CA2624452C (en) | 2015-04-07 |
JP2013082931A (ja) | 2013-05-09 |
KR20080056262A (ko) | 2008-06-20 |
WO2007041415A2 (en) | 2007-04-12 |
EP1958285B1 (en) | 2016-02-24 |
EP2383827A1 (en) | 2011-11-02 |
US20100234479A1 (en) | 2010-09-16 |
CA2878756A1 (en) | 2007-04-12 |
US8222367B2 (en) | 2012-07-17 |
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