WO1998042037A1 - Electrochemical cell having a polymer blend electrolyte - Google Patents
Electrochemical cell having a polymer blend electrolyte Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1998042037A1 WO1998042037A1 PCT/US1998/005123 US9805123W WO9842037A1 WO 1998042037 A1 WO1998042037 A1 WO 1998042037A1 US 9805123 W US9805123 W US 9805123W WO 9842037 A1 WO9842037 A1 WO 9842037A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- poly
- electrolyte
- polymer
- vinyl
- electrolyte system
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 229920002959 polymer blend Polymers 0.000 title claims description 13
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- -1 poly(ethylene glycol) Polymers 0.000 claims description 47
- 229920002480 polybenzimidazole Polymers 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 229940068984 polyvinyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone Chemical compound C=CN1CCCC1=O WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002873 Polyethylenimine Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002620 polyvinyl fluoride Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012078 proton-conducting electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- SLGWESQGEUXWJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde;phenol Chemical compound O=C.OC1=CC=CC=C1 SLGWESQGEUXWJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- JZRYQZJSTWVBBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaporphyrin i Chemical group N1C(C=C2NC(=CC3=NC(=C4)C=C3)C=C2)=CC=C1C=C1C=CC4=N1 JZRYQZJSTWVBBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002338 polyhydroxyethylmethacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004032 porphyrins Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229920006063 Lamide® Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000914 Mn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 abstract description 22
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229920005623 miscible polymer blend Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 21
- 239000004693 Polybenzimidazole Substances 0.000 description 10
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002322 conducting polymer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000011007 phosphoric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000014121 butter Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011245 gel electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 2
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920013683 Celanese Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012983 electrochemical energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004763 sulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/102—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer
- H01M8/1023—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having only carbon, e.g. polyarylenes, polystyrenes or polybutadiene-styrenes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/54—Electrolytes
- H01G11/56—Solid electrolytes, e.g. gels; Additives therein
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0565—Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/24—Alkaline accumulators
- H01M10/26—Selection of materials as electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/102—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer
- H01M8/1025—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having only carbon and oxygen, e.g. polyethers, sulfonated polyetheretherketones [S-PEEK], sulfonated polysaccharides, sulfonated celluloses or sulfonated polyesters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/102—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer
- H01M8/103—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having nitrogen, e.g. sulfonated polybenzimidazoles [S-PBI], polybenzimidazoles with phosphoric acid, sulfonated polyamides [S-PA] or sulfonated polyphosphazenes [S-PPh]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1039—Polymeric electrolyte materials halogenated, e.g. sulfonated polyvinylidene fluorides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1041—Polymer electrolyte composites, mixtures or blends
- H01M8/1044—Mixtures of polymers, of which at least one is ionically conductive
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1041—Polymer electrolyte composites, mixtures or blends
- H01M8/1046—Mixtures of at least one polymer and at least one additive
- H01M8/1048—Ion-conducting additives, e.g. ion-conducting particles, heteropolyacids, metal phosphate or polybenzimidazole with phosphoric acid
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/24—Alkaline accumulators
- H01M10/32—Silver accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0085—Immobilising or gelification of electrolyte
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- This invention relates in general to electrochemical cells, and more particularly to electrochemical cells having a polymer electrolyte comprising a polymer matrix or support structure and an electrolyte active species dispersed therein.
- aqueous liquid electrolytes have problems associated with sealing, packaging, and electrolyte leakage, all of which are well known in the industry.
- Solid polymer electrolytes were developed by numerous different companies in an effort to address the problems associated with liquid aqueous electrolytes. Each of these different types of solid polymer electrolyte systems have met with varying degrees of success, typically owing to the fact that ionic conductivity is generally not as good as that found in a liquid system.
- Solid polymer electrolytes alleviate the problems experienced with respect to packaging and electrolyte leakage.
- polymer electrolytes have the additional advantage of being able to be formed into thin films to improve the energy density, and to act as an electrode spacer in order to eliminate an inert separator used in prior art.
- Polymer electrolyte systems which have received considerable interest, particularly in electrochemical capacitor applications, include polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polybenzimidazole (PBI), each having dispersed therein a proton conducting electrolyte active species such as H2SO4 or H3PO4.
- PVA polyvinyl alcohol
- PBI polybenzimidazole
- H2SO4 proton conducting electrolyte active species
- H3PO4 electrolytes developed heretofore are not completely stable at elevated temperatures.
- the mechanical strength of thin films of PVA based polymer electrolytes also needs further improvement for eliminating shorts during the assembly process.
- PBI/H3PO4 systems address the shortcomings of PVA, but lack adhesive properties to aid in fabrication of stacked cells.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of an electrochemical device in accordance with the instant invention.
- FIG. 2 is a CV for a device using an electrolyte system in accordance with the instant invention. Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiment
- an electrochemical device such as an electrochemical energy storage device fabricated from a pair of electrode assemblies 10 and 11.
- the electrode assemblies may be the anode and the cathode of the electrochemical device.
- the electrochemical charge storage device may be either an electrochemical capacitor or an electrochemical battery cell.
- the electrochemical capacitor is preferably one characterized by an oxidation/reduction charge storage mechanism, though other types of capacitors, such as double layer capacitors, may be employed.
- Each electrode assembly 10 and 11 includes an electrode 13 which may either be fabricated from the same or different materials. In the instance in which the electrodes are fabricated of the same material, they are referred to as "symmetric electrodes". Conversely, if they are made from different materials, they are referred to as "asymmetric electrodes".
- the electrodes are each made from one or more materials selected from the group consisting of ruthenium, iridium, platinum, cobalt, tungsten, vanadium, iron, nickel, aluminum, antimony, bismuth, indium, tin, hafnium, molybdenum, silver, zinc, lead, manganese, alloys thereof, nitrides thereof, carbides thereof, sulfides thereof, oxides thereof, hydroxides thereof, and combinations thereof.
- said electrodes may be fabricated of conducting polymers.
- Each electrode assembly may further include a current collector 12 which is electrically conducting.
- the current collector 12 is preferably chemically inert in the polymer electrolyte system 15 described hereinbelow.
- a housing or gasket 14 may be employed to house the electrode and the electrolyte, but is optional.
- the electrolyte system 15 is sandwiched between the electrodes and is in the form of a film, which may also serve as a separator between the two electrodes. This structure thus affords free and unobstructed movement to the ions in the electrolyte.
- the combination electrolyte/ separator prevents contact between the opposing electrodes since such a condition would result in a short circuit and malfunction of the electrochemical cell. Referring now to FIG.
- the polymer electrolyte system 15 is a polymer blend system which is disposed between and in contact with both electrode assemblies.
- the polymer blend electrolyte system includes at least first and second polymer components homogeneously mixed.
- the first polymer component may be provided, for example, to enhance conductivity, temperature tolerance, and to improve mechanical strength.
- the second polymer component may therefore be more formable (or less viscous) than the first polymer component, so that it can easily fill pores in the adjacent electrodes.
- the second polymer component may also provide an adhesive property so as to "glue" the electrolyte system together, and to the adjacent electrode assemblies. It is important to note that both polymers should be able to function as an electrolyte.
- the polymer electrolyte comprises a polymer support structure or matrix which has an electrolyte active species doped, disposed or dispersed therein.
- the polymer support structure or matrix preferably is fabricated as a polymer blend including at least a first and second polymer component. It is to be understood that more than two polymers may be blended together to create the polymer electrolyte system of the instant invention.
- An electrolyte active species is doped or dispersed in said polymeric support structure.
- the polymer components of the electrolyte system may be selected from any of a number of polymers, and are preferably selected from the group of polybenzimidazoles (PBI), nafion, poly vinyl alcohol (PVA), poly(ethylene glycol), acrylated epoxy, acrylated urethane, polyethyleneimine (PEI), polyethylene oxide (PEO), poly(acrylic acid) (Paa), poly(acrylamide) (PAAM), and poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate), poly(vinyl pyridine) (P2VP), poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP), poly(vinyl fluoride) (PVF), polyimide, polyamide, poly(vinyl methylethyl ether), phenol formaldehyde, and combinations thereof.
- PBI polybenzimidazoles
- PVA polyvinyl alcohol
- PVA poly(ethylene glycol)
- PEI polyethylene glycol
- PEO polyethylene oxide
- PAAM poly(acrylic acid
- the polymers may be mixed in any functioning ratio, but is typically mixed in a ratio of about 1:1.
- PBI type electrolytes and preferably poly ⁇ 2,2'-m-(phenylene)-5,5'- bibenzimidazole type PBFs are described in commonly assigned, copending application serial no. 08/629,174 in the names of Li, et al, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference are preferred as the first polymer.
- the second polymer material may be any one of a number of polymers, and is preferably selected from the group of polymers described above, with particular preference being for PVA or PAAM, and combinations thereof.
- the first polymer material is PBI
- the second polymer is PAAM.
- an electrolyte active species for example a proton conducting electrolyte active species.
- the proton conducting electrolyte active species may be selected from the group of materials consisting of H 3 P0 4 (phosphoric acid), H 2 S0 4 (sulfuric acid), HC1 (hydrochloric acid), HN0 3 , Boric acid, hetero polyacids, and combinations thereof.
- the electrolyte active species may be a metal hydroxide such as KOH, NaOH, LiOH, CeOH, and combinations thereof.
- modifiers may be added to the polymer blends to increase electrolyte conductivity, and wetability of the electrodes. Preferred modifiers are porphines and/or porphyrins.
- This blended polymer electrolyte was adhesive and convenient for assembly of electrolyte-coated or printed electrodes into an integrated device through bonding between electrolyte films and electrodes.
- Example 3 Different blend proton-conducting polymer electrolyte systems
- Ru0 2 /Ti foil electrodes were used to make single cell capacitor devices with different multipolymer electrolytes for characterization. To make single cell devices, each single sided electrode surface was coated with the multi-polymer electrolyte and two of them were laminated together. The conductivities for different multi-polymer electrolyte systems were measured by a HP milliohmmeter. The measured results are shown in Table I.
- multipolymer electrolytes have better conductivity than those made from individual polymers. This may be due to more free volume created by the polymer mixtures than by individual polymers. Further, the multi-polymer electrolytes are not homogeneous but rather are acid (or salt, alkali)-doped non-gelatinous polymer particles bonded by gelatinous polymer gel. This property makes these electrolytes castable and printable for manufacturing processes and can eliminate shorts during the assembly processes due to the polymer particle spacers. The electrolyte-coated or printed electrodes can significantly reduce interfacial effects for low ESR devices.
- a four component multipolymer electrolyte was made by directly mixing 35% PVP, 30% PEO, 30% PAAM, and 5% Paa with 31% KOH. All of these polymers can be used separately to make polymer gel electrolytes. However, these polymers have to be made as films and then doped by salt, alkali or acid for electrolyte applications. If they are separately mixed with an acid or alkali, PEO, PAAM, and Paa would immediately form solid gels, which are too gelatinous for manufacturing processes such as coating, casting, printing etc. for electrolyte applications. PVP remains a powder with doped acid or alkali and is not adhesive, and hence is very difficult to cast and print.
- electrochemical capacitors are described herein, it is to be understood that the polymer blend electrolyte of the instant invention is not so limited. Indeed, it may be used equally well in any type of electrochemical device, examples of which include, but are not limited to, electrochemical batteries, fuel cells, electrochromic devices, and electrolytic devices, to name a few. Indeed the device of Example 4 is an electolchemical battery which benefited greatly from the instant invention.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Or The Like (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
Abstract
An electrochemical cell is provided with first and second electrodes (10 and 11), and a solid polymer electrolyte (15) disposed therebetween. The electrodes may either be of the same or different materials and may be fabricated from ruthenium, iridium, cobalt, tungsten, vanadium, iron, molybdenum, hafnium, nickel, silver, zinc, and combinations thereof. The solid polymer electrolyte is in intimate contact with both the anode and the cathode, and is made from a homogeneous polymer blend of two or more polymers which are all ion conducting, and having doped or dispersed therein an electrolyte active species.
Description
ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL HAVING A POLYMER BLEND ELECTROLYTE
Cross Reference to Related Applications This application is related to commonly assigned, co-pending patent application serial no. 08/641,716 to Li , et al, filed May 2, 1996 , entitled "ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL HAVING MULTILAYERED POLYMER ELECTROLYTE"; and application serial no. 08/638,706 to Oliver, et al, filed April 29, 1996, entitled POLYMER GEL ELECTROLYTE, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.
Technical Field
This invention relates in general to electrochemical cells, and more particularly to electrochemical cells having a polymer electrolyte comprising a polymer matrix or support structure and an electrolyte active species dispersed therein.
Background of the Invention
Energy generation and storage has long been a subject of study and development. Of special importance is the storage of electrical energy in a compact form that can be readily charged and discharged such as rechargeable electrochemical batteries and/or electrochemical capacitors. High power, high current pulse rechargeable electrochemical charge storage devices are also becoming increasingly important in applications in which electrical pulses are demanded of the battery cells. Examples of such devices include digital communication devices, power tools, and portable computers to name but a few. In each of these devices, high electrochemical kinetic rate, long cycle life of the electrode material and good ionic conductivity of the electrolyte are all extremely important considerations. Most electrochemical cells have heretofore relied upon liquid electrolytes (either aqueous or non-aqueous) to provide ionic conductivity between the electrodes thereof. Unfortunately, aqueous liquid electrolytes have problems associated with sealing, packaging, and electrolyte leakage, all of which are well known in the industry. Solid polymer electrolytes were developed by numerous different companies in an effort to address the problems associated with liquid aqueous electrolytes. Each of these different types of solid polymer electrolyte systems have met with varying degrees of
success, typically owing to the fact that ionic conductivity is generally not as good as that found in a liquid system. Solid polymer electrolytes alleviate the problems experienced with respect to packaging and electrolyte leakage. In addition, polymer electrolytes have the additional advantage of being able to be formed into thin films to improve the energy density, and to act as an electrode spacer in order to eliminate an inert separator used in prior art.
Polymer electrolyte systems which have received considerable interest, particularly in electrochemical capacitor applications, include polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polybenzimidazole (PBI), each having dispersed therein a proton conducting electrolyte active species such as H2SO4 or H3PO4. Unfortunately, the PVA/H3PO4 electrolytes developed heretofore are not completely stable at elevated temperatures. The mechanical strength of thin films of PVA based polymer electrolytes also needs further improvement for eliminating shorts during the assembly process. PBI/H3PO4 systems address the shortcomings of PVA, but lack adhesive properties to aid in fabrication of stacked cells. A multi-layer of PVA/PBI is described in the above referenced '716 application, but that solution has likewise failed to meet all the requirements of high performance electrochemical systems. Accordingly, there exists a need to provide novel electrochemical capacitor devices free of limitations inherent in the prior art. Such a device should be characterized by a polymer electrolyte system in which the polymeric support structure or matrix thereof is stable at higher temperatures, possesses a relatively wide frequency response, and has relatively high ionic conductivity. Moreover, fabrication of such an electrolyte layer should be simple, inexpensive and readily repeatable.
Brief Description of the Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of an electrochemical device in accordance with the instant invention; and
FIG. 2 is a CV for a device using an electrolyte system in accordance with the instant invention.
Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiment
While the specification concludes with claims defining the features of the invention that are regarded as novel, it is believed that the invention will be better understood from a consideration of the following description in conjunction with the drawing figures, in which like reference numerals are carried forward.
There is illustrated therein an electrochemical device, such as an electrochemical energy storage device fabricated from a pair of electrode assemblies 10 and 11. The electrode assemblies may be the anode and the cathode of the electrochemical device. The electrochemical charge storage device may be either an electrochemical capacitor or an electrochemical battery cell. The electrochemical capacitor is preferably one characterized by an oxidation/reduction charge storage mechanism, though other types of capacitors, such as double layer capacitors, may be employed. Each electrode assembly 10 and 11 includes an electrode 13 which may either be fabricated from the same or different materials. In the instance in which the electrodes are fabricated of the same material, they are referred to as "symmetric electrodes". Conversely, if they are made from different materials, they are referred to as "asymmetric electrodes". Regardless of whether or not the electrodes are asymmetric or symmetric, they are each made from one or more materials selected from the group consisting of ruthenium, iridium, platinum, cobalt, tungsten, vanadium, iron, nickel, aluminum, antimony, bismuth, indium, tin, hafnium, molybdenum, silver, zinc, lead, manganese, alloys thereof, nitrides thereof, carbides thereof, sulfides thereof, oxides thereof, hydroxides thereof, and combinations thereof. Alternatively, said electrodes may be fabricated of conducting polymers.
Each electrode assembly may further include a current collector 12 which is electrically conducting. The current collector 12 is preferably chemically inert in the polymer electrolyte system 15 described hereinbelow. A housing or gasket 14 may be employed to house the electrode and the electrolyte, but is optional. The electrolyte system 15 is sandwiched between the electrodes and is in the form of a film, which may also serve as a separator between the two electrodes. This structure thus affords free and unobstructed movement to the ions in the electrolyte. The combination electrolyte/ separator prevents contact between the opposing electrodes since such a condition would result in a short circuit and malfunction of the electrochemical cell.
Referring now to FIG. 2, the polymer electrolyte system 15 is a polymer blend system which is disposed between and in contact with both electrode assemblies. The polymer blend electrolyte system includes at least first and second polymer components homogeneously mixed. The first polymer component may be provided, for example, to enhance conductivity, temperature tolerance, and to improve mechanical strength. The second polymer component may therefore be more formable (or less viscous) than the first polymer component, so that it can easily fill pores in the adjacent electrodes. The second polymer component may also provide an adhesive property so as to "glue" the electrolyte system together, and to the adjacent electrode assemblies. It is important to note that both polymers should be able to function as an electrolyte. This is in distinction to certain prior attempts to address the issue, in which one polymer of the blend has been inert to provide, for example, mechanical integrity, while the second polymer provided conductivity. The overall result was lower conductivity since part of the total system did not function as an electrolyte.
The polymer electrolyte comprises a polymer support structure or matrix which has an electrolyte active species doped, disposed or dispersed therein. As described above, the polymer support structure or matrix preferably is fabricated as a polymer blend including at least a first and second polymer component. It is to be understood that more than two polymers may be blended together to create the polymer electrolyte system of the instant invention. An electrolyte active species is doped or dispersed in said polymeric support structure. The polymer components of the electrolyte system may be selected from any of a number of polymers, and are preferably selected from the group of polybenzimidazoles (PBI), nafion, poly vinyl alcohol (PVA), poly(ethylene glycol), acrylated epoxy, acrylated urethane, polyethyleneimine (PEI), polyethylene oxide (PEO), poly(acrylic acid) (Paa), poly(acrylamide) (PAAM), and poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate), poly(vinyl pyridine) (P2VP), poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP), poly(vinyl fluoride) (PVF), polyimide, polyamide, poly(vinyl methylethyl ether), phenol formaldehyde, and combinations thereof. The polymers may be mixed in any functioning ratio, but is typically mixed in a ratio of about 1:1. PBI type electrolytes, and preferably poly{2,2'-m-(phenylene)-5,5'- bibenzimidazole type PBFs are described in commonly assigned, copending application serial no. 08/629,174 in the names of Li, et al, the disclosure of
which is incorporated by reference are preferred as the first polymer. Similarly, the second polymer material may be any one of a number of polymers, and is preferably selected from the group of polymers described above, with particular preference being for PVA or PAAM, and combinations thereof. In one preferred embodiment, the first polymer material is PBI, while the second polymer is PAAM.
Dispersed within or doping the polymer support structure is an electrolyte active species, for example a proton conducting electrolyte active species. The proton conducting electrolyte active species may be selected from the group of materials consisting of H3P04 (phosphoric acid), H2S04 (sulfuric acid), HC1 (hydrochloric acid), HN03, Boric acid, hetero polyacids, and combinations thereof. Alternatively, the electrolyte active species may be a metal hydroxide such as KOH, NaOH, LiOH, CeOH, and combinations thereof. Further, modifiers may be added to the polymer blends to increase electrolyte conductivity, and wetability of the electrodes. Preferred modifiers are porphines and/or porphyrins.
EXAMPLES Example 1: Preparation of PBI-PAAM-acrylic acid blend proton-conducting polymer electrolyte
10 g of Celazole Powders, 100 mesh, and PBI polymer 0.55 (Hoechst
Celanese) were mixed with 240 g of 85% H3P04 in a glass beaker. The acid and
PBI powder completely mixed (about 2 - 5 minutes) until a paste was formed. The mixture was heat treated at 200°C in the covered beaker. After about 1 hour, when the mixture in the furnace became extremely viscous and a uniform one-phase "solution," it was removed from the furnace. The
"solution" in the beaker looked like a colored butter and behaved
Theologically similarly, but it was not adhesive.
10 g of poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) (10 wt. % acrylamide) (Aldrich, Catalog No. 19,197-3) (PAAM), was weighed and immediately and slowly added to the beaker containing the hot PBI butter electrolyte out of the oven, while stirring with a glass stirring rod. Stirring continued with the PBI- PAAM butter electrolyte until a one-phase uniform "solution" formed.
This blended polymer electrolyte was adhesive and convenient for assembly of electrolyte-coated or printed electrodes into an integrated device through bonding between electrolyte films and electrodes.
Example 2: Preparation of porphine -modified PBI-PAAM-acrylic acid blend proton-conducting polymer electrolyte
Meso-Tetra(N-Methyl-4-Pyridyl)-Porphine was directly added into the blended polymer electrolyte described above and was stirred to form a uniform 0.05 wt.% porphine-modified electrolyte. The conductivity measured by making Ru02/Ti foil electrode-based single cell capacitor devices was improved by 20-50% depending on the sample. In principle, any porphine and/or porphyrins could be added in the blended polymer electrolytes to improve the electrolyte performance.
Example 3: Different blend proton-conducting polymer electrolyte systems
Ru02/Ti foil electrodes were used to make single cell capacitor devices with different multipolymer electrolytes for characterization. To make single cell devices, each single sided electrode surface was coated with the multi-polymer electrolyte and two of them were laminated together. The conductivities for different multi-polymer electrolyte systems were measured by a HP milliohmmeter. The measured results are shown in Table I.
TABLE I
The results demonstrate that multipolymer electrolytes have better conductivity than those made from individual polymers. This may be due to more free volume created by the polymer mixtures than by individual polymers. Further, the multi-polymer electrolytes are not homogeneous but rather are acid (or salt, alkali)-doped non-gelatinous polymer particles bonded by gelatinous polymer gel. This property makes these electrolytes castable and printable for manufacturing processes and can eliminate shorts during the assembly processes due to the polymer particle spacers. The electrolyte-coated or printed electrodes can significantly reduce interfacial effects for low ESR devices.
Example 4: Alkaline-based blended polymer electrolyte
A four component multipolymer electrolyte was made by directly mixing 35% PVP, 30% PEO, 30% PAAM, and 5% Paa with 31% KOH. All of these polymers can be used separately to make polymer gel electrolytes. However, these polymers have to be made as films and then doped by salt, alkali or acid for electrolyte applications. If they are separately mixed with an acid or alkali, PEO, PAAM, and Paa would immediately form solid gels,
which are too gelatinous for manufacturing processes such as coating, casting, printing etc. for electrolyte applications. PVP remains a powder with doped acid or alkali and is not adhesive, and hence is very difficult to cast and print. However, when all four components are mixed together, a homogenous phase will form even in 31% KOH solution. A conventional Ag/Zn cell was made with this electrolyte. The cell had an open circuit voltage of 1.5 V. CV experiments showed that the cell had good performance, the current density could reach about 115 mA/cm2 without significant shape distortion of CV curves, as is shown in FIG. 3. The measured conductivity of the cell was 4xl0"2 S/cm. Further, no dendrite growth was found when the cell was opened after 1500 cycles (line 60), indicating this electrolyte could prevent dendrites in Ag/Zn cells, the most prevalent failure mode. The cell was further tested for an additional 3500 cycles. After a total of 5000 cycles (line 62), the cell showed satisfactory performance. This result far exceeds the previous results on PAAM-KOH and PVA-KOH systems, which only showed a life of only a few hundred cycles. Therefore, this type of electrolytes could have a great application in rechargeable Ag/Zn batteries.
Although electrochemical capacitors are described herein, it is to be understood that the polymer blend electrolyte of the instant invention is not so limited. Indeed, it may be used equally well in any type of electrochemical device, examples of which include, but are not limited to, electrochemical batteries, fuel cells, electrochromic devices, and electrolytic devices, to name a few. Indeed the device of Example 4 is an electolchemical battery which benefited greatly from the instant invention.
While the preferred embodiments of the invention have been illustrated and described, it will be clear that the invention is not so limited. Numerous modifications, changes, variations, substitutions and equivalents will occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.
What is claimed is:
Claims
1. An electrolyte system comprising: a polymer blend support structure including at least first and second polymer components, said polymer blend comprising a homogeneous mixture of at least two polymers selected from the group consisting of polybenzimidazoles (PBI), nafion, poly vinyl alcohol (PVA), poly(ethylene glycol), acrylated epoxy, acrylated urethane, polyethyleneimine (PEI), polyethylene oxide (PEO), poly(acrylic acid) (Paa), poly(acrylamide) (PAAM), poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate), poly(vinyl pyridine) (P2VP), poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP), poly(vinyl fluoride) (PVF), polyamide, polyimide, poly(vinyl methylethyl ether), phenol formaldehyde, and combinations thereof; and an electrolyte active species dispersed in said polymer blend support structure.
2. An electrolyte system as in claim 1, wherein said first polymer component is poly{2,2'-m-(phenylene)-5,5'-bibenzimidazole}, and said second polymer component is poly (aery lamide).
3. An electrolyte system as in claim 1, wherein said electrolyte active species is a proton conducting electrolyte active species.
4. An electrolyte system as in claim 1, wherein said first polymer component is PBI, and said second polymer component is PAAM, mixed in a ratio of 1:1.
5. An electrolyte system as in claim 1, wherein said first polymer component is PBI and said second polymer component is PVP, mixed in a ratio of 1:1.
6. An electrolyte system as in claim 1, further including a modifier.
7. An electrolyte system as in claim 6, wherein said modifier is a porphine or a porphyrin modifier.
8. An electrochemical device comprising: first and second electrodes; and an electrolyte system including an electrolyte active species dispersed in a polymer blend support structure which includes at least first and second polymer components, said polymer blend comprising a homogeneous mixture of at least two polymers selected from the group consisting of polybenzimidazoles (PBI), nafion, poly vinyl alcohol (PVA), poly(ethylene glycol), acrylated epoxy, acrylated urethane, polyethyleneimine (PEI), polyethylene oxide (PEO), poly(acrylic acid) (Paa), poly(acrylamide) (PAAM), poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate), poly(vinyl pyridine) (P2VP), poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP), poly(vinyl fluoride) (PVF), poly(vinyl methylethyl ether), phenol formaldehyde, and combinations thereof.
9. An electrochemical device as in claim 8, wherein said first and second electrodes are fabricated of materials selected from the group of Ru,
Ir, Co, W, V, Fe, Mo, Ni, Ag, Zn, Pb, Hf, Mn alloys thereof, oxides thereof, carbides thereof, nitrides thereof, sulfides thereof, and combinations thereof.
10. An electrochemical device as in claim 8, wherein said device is a battery.
11. An electrochemical device as in claim 8, wherein said device is a capacitor.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US82046597A | 1997-03-17 | 1997-03-17 | |
US08/820,465 | 1997-03-17 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1998042037A1 true WO1998042037A1 (en) | 1998-09-24 |
Family
ID=25230841
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1998/005123 WO1998042037A1 (en) | 1997-03-17 | 1998-03-16 | Electrochemical cell having a polymer blend electrolyte |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
WO (1) | WO1998042037A1 (en) |
Cited By (23)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2000028374A1 (en) * | 1998-11-10 | 2000-05-18 | Magna Auteca Zweigniederlassung Der Magna Holding Ag | Electrochromic glass component |
GR1003647B (en) * | 1999-12-30 | 2001-08-30 | ����������������������������������������&�������������������...� | Polymer membranes impregnated in acid for use as solid electrolytes |
EP1474839A2 (en) * | 2002-02-06 | 2004-11-10 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Polymer electrolyte membranes for use in fuel cells |
US7534516B2 (en) | 2001-10-15 | 2009-05-19 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Solid polymer membrane for fuel cell with polyamine imbibed therein for reducing methanol permeability |
US20120171575A1 (en) * | 2009-06-26 | 2012-07-05 | Nanyang Technological University | Energy charge storage device using a printable polyelectrolyte as electrolyte material |
US8222367B2 (en) | 2005-09-30 | 2012-07-17 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Polymers for use in fuel cell components |
WO2012136781A1 (en) | 2011-04-05 | 2012-10-11 | Acreo Ab | Colloid electrolyte composition |
EP2770568A1 (en) | 2013-02-26 | 2014-08-27 | Fundacio Institut Recerca en Energia de Catalunya | Electrolyte formulations for use in redox flow batteries |
DE102010035356B4 (en) * | 2009-08-31 | 2015-02-05 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC (n. d. Ges. d. Staates Delaware) | Ion-conducting membrane for fuel cell applications |
US9819053B1 (en) * | 2012-04-11 | 2017-11-14 | Ionic Materials, Inc. | Solid electrolyte high energy battery |
US10553901B2 (en) | 2015-06-04 | 2020-02-04 | Ionic Materials, Inc. | Lithium metal battery with solid polymer electrolyte |
US10559827B2 (en) | 2013-12-03 | 2020-02-11 | Ionic Materials, Inc. | Electrochemical cell having solid ionically conducting polymer material |
CN110970654A (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2020-04-07 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Composite gel polymer electrolyte for lithium ion battery and preparation and application thereof |
US10811688B2 (en) | 2013-12-03 | 2020-10-20 | Ionic Materials, Inc. | Solid, ionically conducting polymer material, and methods and applications for same |
CN112271325A (en) * | 2020-09-15 | 2021-01-26 | 赖见 | Three-dimensional solid-state lithium battery and preparation method thereof |
US11114655B2 (en) | 2015-04-01 | 2021-09-07 | Ionic Materials, Inc. | Alkaline battery cathode with solid polymer electrolyte |
US11145857B2 (en) | 2012-04-11 | 2021-10-12 | Ionic Materials, Inc. | High capacity polymer cathode and high energy density rechargeable cell comprising the cathode |
US11152657B2 (en) | 2012-04-11 | 2021-10-19 | Ionic Materials, Inc. | Alkaline metal-air battery cathode |
US11251455B2 (en) | 2012-04-11 | 2022-02-15 | Ionic Materials, Inc. | Solid ionically conducting polymer material |
US11319411B2 (en) | 2012-04-11 | 2022-05-03 | Ionic Materials, Inc. | Solid ionically conducting polymer material |
US11342559B2 (en) | 2015-06-08 | 2022-05-24 | Ionic Materials, Inc. | Battery with polyvalent metal anode |
US11605819B2 (en) | 2015-06-08 | 2023-03-14 | Ionic Materials, Inc. | Battery having aluminum anode and solid polymer electrolyte |
US11749833B2 (en) | 2012-04-11 | 2023-09-05 | Ionic Materials, Inc. | Solid state bipolar battery |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5455127A (en) * | 1994-03-31 | 1995-10-03 | Olsen; Ib I. | Fire resistant curable solid electrolytes and electrolytic cells produced therefrom |
US5518838A (en) * | 1995-08-10 | 1996-05-21 | Motorola, Inc. | Electrochemical cell having solid polymer electrolyte and asymmetric inorganic electrodes |
US5541019A (en) * | 1995-11-06 | 1996-07-30 | Motorola, Inc. | Metal hydride electrochemical cell having a polymer electrolyte |
US5639573A (en) * | 1995-08-24 | 1997-06-17 | Motorola, Inc. | Polymer gel electrolyte |
US5688614A (en) * | 1996-05-02 | 1997-11-18 | Motorola, Inc. | Electrochemical cell having a polymer electrolyte |
US5693434A (en) * | 1996-07-22 | 1997-12-02 | Motorola, Inc. | Electrochemical cell having a polymer electrolyte |
US5705084A (en) * | 1997-01-31 | 1998-01-06 | Kejha; Joseph B. | Polymer alloy electrolytes for electrochemical devices |
-
1998
- 1998-03-16 WO PCT/US1998/005123 patent/WO1998042037A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5455127A (en) * | 1994-03-31 | 1995-10-03 | Olsen; Ib I. | Fire resistant curable solid electrolytes and electrolytic cells produced therefrom |
US5518838A (en) * | 1995-08-10 | 1996-05-21 | Motorola, Inc. | Electrochemical cell having solid polymer electrolyte and asymmetric inorganic electrodes |
US5639573A (en) * | 1995-08-24 | 1997-06-17 | Motorola, Inc. | Polymer gel electrolyte |
US5541019A (en) * | 1995-11-06 | 1996-07-30 | Motorola, Inc. | Metal hydride electrochemical cell having a polymer electrolyte |
US5688614A (en) * | 1996-05-02 | 1997-11-18 | Motorola, Inc. | Electrochemical cell having a polymer electrolyte |
US5693434A (en) * | 1996-07-22 | 1997-12-02 | Motorola, Inc. | Electrochemical cell having a polymer electrolyte |
US5705084A (en) * | 1997-01-31 | 1998-01-06 | Kejha; Joseph B. | Polymer alloy electrolytes for electrochemical devices |
Cited By (32)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2000028374A1 (en) * | 1998-11-10 | 2000-05-18 | Magna Auteca Zweigniederlassung Der Magna Holding Ag | Electrochromic glass component |
GR1003647B (en) * | 1999-12-30 | 2001-08-30 | ����������������������������������������&�������������������...� | Polymer membranes impregnated in acid for use as solid electrolytes |
US7534516B2 (en) | 2001-10-15 | 2009-05-19 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Solid polymer membrane for fuel cell with polyamine imbibed therein for reducing methanol permeability |
EP1474839A2 (en) * | 2002-02-06 | 2004-11-10 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Polymer electrolyte membranes for use in fuel cells |
US8222367B2 (en) | 2005-09-30 | 2012-07-17 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Polymers for use in fuel cell components |
US20120171575A1 (en) * | 2009-06-26 | 2012-07-05 | Nanyang Technological University | Energy charge storage device using a printable polyelectrolyte as electrolyte material |
US9754727B2 (en) * | 2009-06-26 | 2017-09-05 | Nanyang Technological University | Energy charge storage device using a printable polyelectrolyte as electrolyte material |
US9325026B2 (en) | 2009-08-31 | 2016-04-26 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Co(II)tetramethoxyphenylporphyrin additive to PFSA PEMs for improved fuel cell durability |
DE102010035356B4 (en) * | 2009-08-31 | 2015-02-05 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC (n. d. Ges. d. Staates Delaware) | Ion-conducting membrane for fuel cell applications |
US10001690B2 (en) | 2011-04-05 | 2018-06-19 | Acreo Swedish Ict Ab | Colloid electrolyte composition |
JP2014512434A (en) * | 2011-04-05 | 2014-05-22 | アクレオ スウェディッシュ イーセーティー アーベー | Colloidal electrolyte composition |
WO2012136781A1 (en) | 2011-04-05 | 2012-10-11 | Acreo Ab | Colloid electrolyte composition |
US11949105B2 (en) | 2012-04-11 | 2024-04-02 | Ionic Materials, Inc. | Electrochemical cell having solid ionically conducting polymer material |
US9819053B1 (en) * | 2012-04-11 | 2017-11-14 | Ionic Materials, Inc. | Solid electrolyte high energy battery |
US11145857B2 (en) | 2012-04-11 | 2021-10-12 | Ionic Materials, Inc. | High capacity polymer cathode and high energy density rechargeable cell comprising the cathode |
US11749833B2 (en) | 2012-04-11 | 2023-09-05 | Ionic Materials, Inc. | Solid state bipolar battery |
US11611104B2 (en) | 2012-04-11 | 2023-03-21 | Ionic Materials, Inc. | Solid electrolyte high energy battery |
US10741877B1 (en) | 2012-04-11 | 2020-08-11 | Ionic Materials, Inc. | Solid electrolyte high energy battery |
US11319411B2 (en) | 2012-04-11 | 2022-05-03 | Ionic Materials, Inc. | Solid ionically conducting polymer material |
US11251455B2 (en) | 2012-04-11 | 2022-02-15 | Ionic Materials, Inc. | Solid ionically conducting polymer material |
US11152657B2 (en) | 2012-04-11 | 2021-10-19 | Ionic Materials, Inc. | Alkaline metal-air battery cathode |
EP2770568A1 (en) | 2013-02-26 | 2014-08-27 | Fundacio Institut Recerca en Energia de Catalunya | Electrolyte formulations for use in redox flow batteries |
US10811688B2 (en) | 2013-12-03 | 2020-10-20 | Ionic Materials, Inc. | Solid, ionically conducting polymer material, and methods and applications for same |
US10559827B2 (en) | 2013-12-03 | 2020-02-11 | Ionic Materials, Inc. | Electrochemical cell having solid ionically conducting polymer material |
US11114655B2 (en) | 2015-04-01 | 2021-09-07 | Ionic Materials, Inc. | Alkaline battery cathode with solid polymer electrolyte |
US10553901B2 (en) | 2015-06-04 | 2020-02-04 | Ionic Materials, Inc. | Lithium metal battery with solid polymer electrolyte |
US11342559B2 (en) | 2015-06-08 | 2022-05-24 | Ionic Materials, Inc. | Battery with polyvalent metal anode |
US11605819B2 (en) | 2015-06-08 | 2023-03-14 | Ionic Materials, Inc. | Battery having aluminum anode and solid polymer electrolyte |
CN110970654B (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2021-04-27 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Composite gel polymer electrolyte for lithium ion battery and preparation and application thereof |
CN110970654A (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2020-04-07 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Composite gel polymer electrolyte for lithium ion battery and preparation and application thereof |
CN112271325A (en) * | 2020-09-15 | 2021-01-26 | 赖见 | Three-dimensional solid-state lithium battery and preparation method thereof |
CN112271325B (en) * | 2020-09-15 | 2023-08-18 | 赖见 | Three-dimensional solid lithium battery and preparation method thereof |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
WO1998042037A1 (en) | Electrochemical cell having a polymer blend electrolyte | |
US5688614A (en) | Electrochemical cell having a polymer electrolyte | |
US5693434A (en) | Electrochemical cell having a polymer electrolyte | |
Sarangapani et al. | Materials for electrochemical capacitors: theoretical and experimental constraints | |
US5518838A (en) | Electrochemical cell having solid polymer electrolyte and asymmetric inorganic electrodes | |
KR101174572B1 (en) | Electrode and method for producing electrode | |
US5688613A (en) | Electrochemical cell having a polymer electrolyte | |
US6495289B1 (en) | Lithium secondary cell with an alloyed metallic powder containing electrode | |
US5587872A (en) | Electrochemical cell having symmetric inorganic electrodes | |
KR101283134B1 (en) | Electrode and method for manufacturing the same | |
US5728181A (en) | Electrodes for electrochemical cells and method of making same | |
US20040018430A1 (en) | Electrodes and related devices | |
KR101264485B1 (en) | Positive electrode of lithium secondary battery and method for producing the same | |
US6341057B1 (en) | Double layer capacitor and its manufacturing method | |
JP2003059535A (en) | Lithium polymer cell | |
US5723231A (en) | Polymer electrolyte and an electrochemical cell containing the electrolyte | |
JPH11288717A (en) | Proton conductive type polymer battery and its manufacture | |
US20110305970A1 (en) | CHEMICALLY LINKED HYDROGEL MATERIALS AND USES THEREOF IN ELECTRODES and/or ELECTROLYTES IN ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY DEVICES | |
US9882208B2 (en) | Particulate active material, power storage device positive electrode, power storage device, and production method for particulate active material | |
JP2000030710A (en) | Polymer secondary battery and its manufacture | |
JP2014123449A (en) | Electrode for power storage device, process of manufacturing the same, and power storage device | |
WO2020086835A1 (en) | A protective barrier layer for alkaline batteries | |
CN113921988A (en) | Battery diaphragm coating material and preparation method thereof, battery diaphragm and battery | |
EP4147292A1 (en) | Space configurable battery structures for electrode assemblies incorporating ion exchange materials | |
JP4744121B2 (en) | ELECTRODE, SOLID ELECTROLYTE MEMBRANE JOINING THE ELECTRODE, METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE SAME, AND ELECTROCHEMICAL SYSTEM USING THE SOLID ELECTROLYTE MEMBRANE |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): CA CN JP KR MX |
|
AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE |
|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: CA |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: JP Ref document number: 1998540678 Format of ref document f/p: F |
|
122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |