JP5505696B2 - 触媒電極を作る方法及びその電極を使用する電気化学セル - Google Patents
触媒電極を作る方法及びその電極を使用する電気化学セル Download PDFInfo
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- JP5505696B2 JP5505696B2 JP2009544070A JP2009544070A JP5505696B2 JP 5505696 B2 JP5505696 B2 JP 5505696B2 JP 2009544070 A JP2009544070 A JP 2009544070A JP 2009544070 A JP2009544070 A JP 2009544070A JP 5505696 B2 JP5505696 B2 JP 5505696B2
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Description
1.アノードは、電気化学セルの負の電極を意味する。
2.カソードは、電気化学セルの正の電極を意味する。
1.活性炭に蒸留水を加え、蓋をして炭素を湿潤させる。
2.高強度可変速度混合器で、混合器の速度を調節して容器のほぼ中間まで延びるが底部には到達しない渦を生成し、炭素及び水を完全に混合する。
3.継続的に混合しながら、望ましい渦を維持するように混合器の速度を調節してPTFE分散剤を渦に滴下して加え、混合器がPTFE分散剤を加える前とほぼ同じ速度に到達するまで継続的に混合する。
4.混合物から水を濾過し、蒸留水で濯ぐ。
5.残りの炭素混合物を混合物が90℃になるまで90℃で乾燥させ、乾燥温度を105℃に上げて混合物が105℃になるまで乾燥を継続し、105℃で更に数時間乾燥を継続し、温度を50℃に下げて混合物が50℃になるまで乾燥を継続し、乾燥炭素混合物を熱い間に密封容器に入れて室温まで冷却する。
6.アルゴン雰囲気で、炭素混合物及びナノ触媒(少なくとも部分的酸化粒子を含むか又は含まない)の各々を脱酸素化メタノールと別々に混合し、2つを互いに混合し、少量の蒸留水を加え、良く混合する。蓋をしてアルゴン雰囲気から除去する。
7.炭素−触媒混合物が90℃になるまで混合物を90℃で乾燥させ、乾燥温度を105℃に上げて混合物が105℃になるまで乾燥を継続し、105℃で更に数時間乾燥を継続し、温度を50℃に下げて混合物が50℃になるまで乾燥を継続する。混合物を密封容器に入れて室温まで冷却する。
1.活性炭に蒸留水を加え、蓋をして炭素を湿潤させる。
2.高強度可変速度混合器で、混合器の速度を調節して容器のほぼ中間まで延びるが底部には到達しない渦を生成し、炭素及び水を完全に混合する。
3.継続的に混合しながら、ナノ触媒(少なくも部分的酸化粒子を備えた)をゆっくり加え、望ましい渦を維持するのに必要に応じて混合器の速度を調節して継続的に完全に混合する。
4.PTFE分散剤を渦に滴下して加え、望ましい渦を維持するのに必要に応じて混合器の速度を調節して混合器がPTFE分散剤を加える前とほぼ同じ速度に到達するまで継続的に混合する。
5.触媒混合物から水を濾過し、蒸留水で濯いで再び濾過する。
6.乾燥温度を105℃に上げて混合物が105℃になるまで乾燥を継続し、105℃で更に数時間乾燥を継続し、温度を50℃に下げて混合物が50℃になるまで乾燥を継続し、乾燥炭素混合物を熱い間に密封容器に入れて室温まで冷却する。
1.望ましい量のナノ触媒(少なくとも部分的酸化粒子を含む)、活性炭、PTFE分散剤(計量する前にPTFE分散剤をよく混合する)、及び水(任意的)を計量する。
2.活性炭及びナノ触媒を混合器に装填して完全に配合する。
3.PTFE分散剤を加え、完全に混合する。
4.触媒混合物を乾燥させる。これは、「Littleford Day、Inc.」(米国ケンタッキー州フォレンス)から入手される「FM50 PLOUGHSHARE(登録商標)」水平混合器のような乾燥混合器を、381mm(15インチ)真空、プラウブレード速度180回転/分(RPM)、チョッパブレード速度3000(RPM)の20秒サイクル/分、及び温度約74〜85℃(165〜185°F)に設定して合計約94分間行うことができる。混合物を混合器に入れて乾燥させると、混合物を一定の動きに維持し、乾燥中にPTFEをフィブリル化することができるので有利である。
1.乾燥触媒混合物を高せん断配合機に入れて混合し、混合物を毛羽立たせる。
2.望ましい厚みで約1.5メートル(5フィート)/分の触媒シートを生成することになる速度で運転されるローラミルのローラ間に(好ましくは、上部から)毛羽立ち混合物を供給する。
1.1つの電流コレクタを触媒シートの表面に埋め込む。これは、例えば、2つの平坦なプレートの間、又は好ましくはローラミルのローラの間を圧縮することによって実行することができる。ローラミルを用いる場合には、好ましくは、ローラミルを約1.5メートル(5フィート)/分の速度で作動させ、電流コレクタ及び触媒シートをローラ間に供給し(好ましくは、電流コレクタを底部にして水平にし、供給を容易にする)、電流コレクタを触媒シートに埋め込む。セパレータ層を電極に望ましく接着するために、電流コレクタは、電極が比較的滑らかな表面になるように十分な深さに埋め込むことが望ましい。
2.必要に応じて触媒シート及び/又は電流コレクタをトリムする。
3.ローラミルを用いて、疎水性フィルムの対応するシートを触媒シートの好ましくは電流コレクタの反対側に加圧積層する。好ましくは、疎水性フィルム及び触媒シートは、疎水性フィルムを上部にして水平にローラミルに供給する。任意的に、疎水性層と触媒層の間の結合強度は、次の事項の一方又は両方等により増大させることができる。
a.疎水性フィルムの表面の1つに、水中で10重量パーセントの「T30 PTFE」分散剤のような希フッ化炭素樹脂乳剤をスプレーし、乾燥させ、その後に疎水性フィルムを触媒層に加圧積層する。及び、
b.疎水性フィルムを触媒層にパターン積層し、疎水性フィルム及び触媒層の空気透過性の低下を最小にする領域をその間に残しながら、結合強度が増大した領域を生成する。疎水性フィルムを触媒層にパターン積層する好ましい方法には、疎水性フィルムに対してテクスチャ加工ロールを用いる方法、及び疎水性フィルムと隣接するローラの間に取外し可能テクスチャ加工インタリーフ材料(例えば、絹のような高強度糸を用いた織材料)を用いる方法が含まれる。テクスチャ加工ロールを用いる場合には、非常に薄い(例えば、0.03〜0.1mm)隆起部分を備えた細かいパターンの間に、小さな領域(例えば、直径0.15〜0.25mm)が配置される。適切な絹材料の一例は、厚みが約0.16mm(0.006インチ)で打込み数が各方向に約100/2.54cm(1.0インチ)であり、各糸が約50ストランドの絹を有するものである。
1.300gの「DARCO(登録商標)G−60」炭素を2000mlのガラス容器に入れ、1000gの蒸留水を加え、容器に蓋をして1時間放置した。
2.混合物は、容器の底部までの約半分まで延びる渦を維持するように速度を調節し、可変速混合器で約30分間混合した。
3.混合しながら55gの「T30B PTFE」を滴下して加え、約20分間混合を継続し、望ましい渦を維持するように速度を調節した。
4.約200mlの蒸留水で濯ぎながら混合物を濾過した。
5.残りの固体(混合物)を約85〜90℃で約16時間乾燥させ、その後温度を105℃に上げて混合物の温度が105℃になるまで乾燥を継続し、その後、混合物に蓋をして室温まで冷却した。
6.アルゴンガス雰囲気中で、10グラムの混合物を磁器製ボールに入れ、50グラムの脱酸素化メタノールと混合した。
7.アルゴン中で、0.256gのナノMnOx(「QSI−NANO(登録商標)」マンガン)を3グラムの脱酸素化メタノールと混合した。
8.アルゴン中で、炭素/メタノール及びナノMnOx/メタノール混合物を約30秒間互いに混合し、約10mlの蒸留水を入れて混合し、混合物に蓋をしてアルゴン雰囲気から除去した。
9.混合物の温度が105℃になるまで段階8の混合物を105℃に置き、その後蓋をして室温まで冷却した。
10.混合物は、高せん断配合機に入れて30秒間配合し、その後、0クリアランスに設定し、1.37m(4.5フィート)/分の速度で作動するローラミルのローラ間に供給し、厚み0.18mm、密度が0.213mg/cm3で2.50重量パーセントのナノマンガンを含有する触媒材料のシートを形成した。
11.触媒シートを電流コレクタ(3Ni3.3−05Pニッケル「EXMET(登録商標)」に水性グラファイト分散剤(水中で50重量パーセントの「TIMREX(登録商標)LBl0l6」)を塗ったもの)のストリップの上に置き、1.37m(4.5フィート)/分の速度で作動して684kg(1508ポンド)の力を印加するローラミルのロール間にこの両方を水平に供給し、電流コレクタを触媒シートに埋め込んで厚みが0.248mm(0.00975インチ)のシートを形成した。
12.0.076mm(0.003インチ)厚みのエキスパンドPTFE膜のシート(「W.L.Gore」から入手される試料番号12850830.1)を埋め込み電流コレクタを備えた触媒シートの上に置き、PTFE膜を覆って100メッシュ(100糸/インチ)絹布のシートを置いた。1.37m(4.5フィート)/分の速度で作動させて、684kg(1508ポンド)の力を与えるローラミルのロール間に3つ全てを水平に供給し、PTFE膜を触媒層に加圧積層し、それによって空気電極ストックを形成した。
1.200gの「DARCO(登録商標)G−60」炭素を1500mlのガラス容器に入れ、900gの蒸留水を加え、容器に蓋をして約15分間放置した。
2.混合物は、容器の底部までの約半分まで延びる渦を維持するように速度を調節し、可変速混合器で約15分間混合した。
3.混合を継続しながら、5.6gのナノMnOx(QSI−NANO(登録商標)マンガン)をゆっくり(約30秒かけて)渦に加えて、容器の側部を脱イオン水で濯ぎ、その後、望ましい渦を維持するように混合器の速度を調節して更に約15分混合した。
4.混合を継続しながら、26gの「T30B PTFE」を渦に滴下して加え、その後、望ましい渦を維持するように混合器の速度を調節して約20分間更に混合した。
5.約500mlの蒸留水で濯ぎながら混合物を濾過した。
6.混合物の温度が90℃になるまで残りの固体(混合物)を90℃で乾燥させ、温度を105℃に上げて混合物の温度が105℃になるまで乾燥を継続し、105℃で更に約4〜6時間乾燥を継続し、乾燥温度を50℃に下げ、その後、混合物を容器に入れて密封し、室温まで冷却した。
7.乾燥混合物は、高速混合器で配合することによって(5gで30秒間又は50gで5分間)流動化し、次に、0クリアランスに設定し、1.52m(5フィート)/分の速度で作動するローラミルのローラの間に供給し、厚み0.19mm、密度0.212mg/cm3で2.50重量パーセントのナノマンガンを含有する触媒材料のシートを形成した。
8.電流コレクタのストリップ(3Ni3.3−05Pニッケル「EXMET(登録商標)」)の上に触媒シートを置き、1.52m(5フィート)/分の速度で作動するローラミルのロールの間にその両方を水平に供給し、電流コレクタを触媒シートに埋め込み、厚みが0.19mm(0.0075インチ)のシートを形成した。
9.0.076mm(0.003インチ)厚みのエキスパンドPTFE膜のシート(「W.L.Gore」から入手される試料番号12850830.1)を埋め込み電流コレクタを備えた触媒シートの上に置き、PTFE膜を覆って100メッシュ絹布のシートを配置し、3つ全てを1.52m(5フィート)/分の速度で作動するローラミルのロールの間に水平に供給してPTFE膜を触媒層に加圧積層し、それによって空気電極ストックを形成した。
112 カソードケーシング
120 空気電極
123 電流コレクタ
126 アノードケーシング
Claims (9)
- 電気化学セルのための触媒電極を作る方法であって、
(a)活物質を酸化又は還元するための触媒材料を導電材料及び結合剤と混合する段階、
(b)段階(a)からの混合物を活性層シートに形成する段階、
(c)気体拡散層シートの第1の表面を前記活性層シートの第1の表面に対して配置する段階、及び
(d)前記活性層シートの第2の表面及び前記気体拡散層シートの第2の表面に圧力を印加して該気体拡散層シートを該活性層シートに接合し、気体拡散層と活性層の間に比較的高い接着と比較的低い接着の区域を有して区域全体が該活性層に結合されるような、気体が該活性層へ拡散する時に通過するための気体拡散区域を有する接合した層を生成する段階、
を含み、
(i)前記圧力は、ローラによって印加され、そのうちの少なくとも1つは、前記比較的高い接着と比較的低い接着の区域を生成するテクスチャ加工表面を有し、及び/又は(ii)該圧力は、取外し可能なテクスチャ加工されたインタリーフシート及び前記気体拡散層シートの第2の表面に印加され、該テクスチャ加工されたインタリーフシートの第1の表面が、該気体拡散層シートの該第2の表面に対して配置されて該比較的高い接着と比較的低い接着の区域を生成し、
(e)前記接合した層から、隣接する前記活性層シートの第2の表面と前記気体拡散層シートの第2の表面との間の実質的に全体に接着を有する電極を形成する段階、
を更に含むことを特徴とする方法。 - 前記テクスチャ加工されたインタリーフシートは、織材料を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記テクスチャ加工されたインタリーフシートは、織られた絹繊維を含むことを特徴とする請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記活性層への前記気体拡散区域の前記接着は、25.4mmあたり65グラムから25.4mmあたり250グラムの全体結合強度によって特徴付けられることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記気体拡散層シートは、疎水性材料を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記疎水性材料は、フッ素化ポリマーを含むことを特徴とする請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記気体拡散層シートは、ポリテトラフルオロエチレンのシートを含むことを特徴とする請求項6に記載の方法。
- 段階(c)に先立ち、前記活性層シートの第2の表面に導電性電流コレクタを組み込む段階を更に含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記電流コレクタは、ニッケルを含むエクスパンド金属から作られ、かつグラファイトを含むコーティングを有することを特徴とする請求項8に記載の方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US87725106P | 2006-12-27 | 2006-12-27 | |
US60/877,251 | 2006-12-27 | ||
PCT/US2007/026332 WO2008085479A1 (en) | 2006-12-27 | 2007-12-26 | Process for making a catalytic electrode and electrochemical cell using the electrode |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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JP2010515224A JP2010515224A (ja) | 2010-05-06 |
JP2010515224A5 JP2010515224A5 (ja) | 2011-02-17 |
JP5505696B2 true JP5505696B2 (ja) | 2014-05-28 |
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JP2009544065A Expired - Fee Related JP5378233B2 (ja) | 2006-12-27 | 2007-12-26 | 触媒電極を有する電気化学セルとその電極及びセルを形成する方法 |
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CN (2) | CN101573815B (ja) |
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-
2007
- 2007-12-26 EP EP07868044A patent/EP2100342B1/en active Active
- 2007-12-26 KR KR1020097014782A patent/KR101528940B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2007-12-26 WO PCT/US2007/026332 patent/WO2008085479A1/en active Application Filing
- 2007-12-26 JP JP2009544070A patent/JP5505696B2/ja active Active
- 2007-12-26 AT AT07868044T patent/ATE468621T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2007-12-26 EP EP07868033.7A patent/EP2111660B2/en active Active
- 2007-12-26 US US11/964,065 patent/US20080160413A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-12-26 WO PCT/US2007/026320 patent/WO2008085472A1/en active Application Filing
- 2007-12-26 US US11/964,061 patent/US20080155813A1/en not_active Abandoned
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- 2010-03-22 HK HK10102967.3A patent/HK1137854A1/xx unknown
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ATE468621T1 (de) | 2010-06-15 |
US20080160413A1 (en) | 2008-07-03 |
ATE518267T1 (de) | 2011-08-15 |
IL198923A0 (en) | 2010-02-17 |
EP2111660B2 (en) | 2015-08-26 |
EP2100342B1 (en) | 2010-05-19 |
HK1135800A1 (en) | 2010-06-11 |
EP2100342A1 (en) | 2009-09-16 |
CN101573814A (zh) | 2009-11-04 |
WO2008085472A1 (en) | 2008-07-17 |
CN101573814B (zh) | 2013-06-19 |
EP2111660B1 (en) | 2011-07-27 |
IL198988A0 (en) | 2010-02-17 |
US8377149B2 (en) | 2013-02-19 |
CN101573815B (zh) | 2013-06-12 |
US20110083320A1 (en) | 2011-04-14 |
HK1137854A1 (en) | 2010-08-06 |
WO2008085479A1 (en) | 2008-07-17 |
KR101528941B1 (ko) | 2015-06-15 |
KR101528940B1 (ko) | 2015-06-15 |
CN101573815A (zh) | 2009-11-04 |
US20080155813A1 (en) | 2008-07-03 |
JP2010515223A (ja) | 2010-05-06 |
KR20090091812A (ko) | 2009-08-28 |
DE602007006691D1 (de) | 2010-07-01 |
JP2010515224A (ja) | 2010-05-06 |
JP5378233B2 (ja) | 2013-12-25 |
KR20090102800A (ko) | 2009-09-30 |
EP2111660A1 (en) | 2009-10-28 |
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