JP5454353B2 - 非水電解質二次電池負極材用珪素酸化物及びその製造方法、ならびに負極、リチウムイオン二次電池及び電気化学キャパシタ - Google Patents
非水電解質二次電池負極材用珪素酸化物及びその製造方法、ならびに負極、リチウムイオン二次電池及び電気化学キャパシタ Download PDFInfo
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- JP5454353B2 JP5454353B2 JP2010117188A JP2010117188A JP5454353B2 JP 5454353 B2 JP5454353 B2 JP 5454353B2 JP 2010117188 A JP2010117188 A JP 2010117188A JP 2010117188 A JP2010117188 A JP 2010117188A JP 5454353 B2 JP5454353 B2 JP 5454353B2
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- negative electrode
- silicon oxide
- secondary battery
- silicon
- gas
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Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/134—Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/113—Silicon oxides; Hydrates thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/113—Silicon oxides; Hydrates thereof
- C01B33/12—Silica; Hydrates thereof, e.g. lepidoic silicic acid
- C01B33/18—Preparation of finely divided silica neither in sol nor in gel form; After-treatment thereof
- C01B33/181—Preparation of finely divided silica neither in sol nor in gel form; After-treatment thereof by a dry process
- C01B33/183—Preparation of finely divided silica neither in sol nor in gel form; After-treatment thereof by a dry process by oxidation or hydrolysis in the vapour phase of silicon compounds such as halides, trichlorosilane, monosilane
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/113—Silicon oxides; Hydrates thereof
- C01B33/12—Silica; Hydrates thereof, e.g. lepidoic silicic acid
- C01B33/18—Preparation of finely divided silica neither in sol nor in gel form; After-treatment thereof
- C01B33/181—Preparation of finely divided silica neither in sol nor in gel form; After-treatment thereof by a dry process
- C01B33/183—Preparation of finely divided silica neither in sol nor in gel form; After-treatment thereof by a dry process by oxidation or hydrolysis in the vapour phase of silicon compounds such as halides, trichlorosilane, monosilane
- C01B33/184—Preparation of finely divided silica neither in sol nor in gel form; After-treatment thereof by a dry process by oxidation or hydrolysis in the vapour phase of silicon compounds such as halides, trichlorosilane, monosilane by hydrolysis of tetrafluoride
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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Description
[非水電解質二次電池負極材用珪素酸化物]
本発明の珪素酸化物は、非水電解質二次電池負極材に用いられる珪素酸化物であって、この珪素酸化物は、SiOガスとモノシラン、二塩化シラン、三塩化シラン、四塩化ケイ素、四フッ化ケイ素、ジシラン及びテトラメチルシランから選ばれるケイ素含有ガスとの混合ガスを冷却析出させた析出物であり、酸素含有量が20〜35質量%である珪素酸化物である。
本発明の非水電解質二次電池負極材に用いられる珪素酸化物の製造方法としては、SiOガスを発生する原料を、不活性ガスの存在下又は減圧下で、1,100〜1,600℃の温度範囲で加熱してSiOガスを発生させ、この発生したSiOガスに、モノシラン、二塩化シラン、三塩化シラン、四塩化ケイ素、四フッ化ケイ素、ジシラン及びテトラメチルシランから選ばれるケイ素含有ガスを添加、混合した混合ガスを冷却析出させた析出物を回収する方法が挙げられる。以下、珪素酸化物の製造方法について詳細に説明するが、もちろんこれらに限定されるものではない。
析出温度が500℃以上であれば、反応生成物のBET比表面積が30m2/g以上と大きくなることを抑制し易い。また1,000℃以下であれば、析出基体の材質の選定が容易であり、装置コストが上昇することもない。ここで、析出基体の温度の制御はヒーター加熱、断熱性能(断熱材の厚み)、強制冷却等により適宜行うことができる。
本発明で得られた珪素酸化物からなる負極材を用いて、これを含有する非水電解質二次電池負極を得ることができる。例えば、以下のように負極(成型体)とすることができる。珪素酸化物と、ポリイミド樹脂等の結着剤と、必要に応じて導電剤と、その他の添加剤とに、N−メチルピロリドン又は水等の結着剤の溶解、分散に適した溶剤を混練してペースト状の合剤とし、この合剤を集電体のシートに塗布する。
このようにして得られた負極(成型体)を用いることにより、非水電解質二次電池負極、正極、及び非水電解質を有する非水電解質二次電池を製造することができ、非水電解質がリチウムイオン導電性の非水電解質である、リチウムイオン二次電池とすると好適である。非水電解質二次電池は、上記負極材を用いる点に特徴を有し、その他の正極、セパレータ、非水電解質溶液等の材料及び電池形状等は限定されない。
また、非水電解質二次電池負極、正極及び導電性の電解質を有する電気化学キャパシタを製造することができる。電気化学キャパシタは、電極に上記本発明の珪素酸化物活物質を用いる点に特徴を有し、その他の電解質、セパレータ等の材料及びキャパシタ形状等は限定されない。
図1に示す横型管状炉を用いて、珪素酸化物を製造した。
具体的には、原料2として平均粒径が5μmの金属珪素粉末とヒュームドシリカ粉末(BET比表面積:200m2/g)の等モル混合物を50g準備し、内径80mm・アルミナ製の反応管6の内に仕込んだ。
以下の方法によって、得られた粉末(珪素酸化物)を処理した後、負極活物質として用いて電池評価を行った。
上記で得られた珪素酸化物に人造黒鉛(平均粒径10μm)を45質量%、ポリイミドを10質量%加え、さらにN−メチルピロリドンを加えてスラリーとした。このスラリーを厚さ12μmの銅箔に塗布し、80℃で1時間乾燥後、ローラープレスにより電極を加圧成形し、この電極を350℃で1時間真空乾燥した後、2cm2に打ち抜き、負極とした。なお、負極の厚さは銅箔込みで42μmであった。
SiH4ガスの流量を0.3NL/minとした他は実施例1と同様の方法で非水電解質二次電池負極材用珪素酸化物を製造し、実施例1と同様の方法で物性及び電池特性の評価を行った。それらの評価結果を表1に示す。
SiH4ガスの流量を0.1NL/minとした他は実施例1と同様の方法で非水電解質二次電池負極材用珪素酸化物を製造し、実施例1と同様の方法で物性及び電池特性の評価を行った。それらの評価結果を表1に示す。
SiH4ガスを供給しなかった以外は実施例1と同様の方法で非水電解質二次電池負極材用珪素酸化物を製造し、実施例1と同様の方法で物性及び電池特性の評価を行った。それらの評価結果を表1に示す。
SiH4ガスの流量を0.5NL/minとした他は実施例1と同様の方法で非水電解質二次電池負極材用珪素酸化物を製造し、実施例1と同様の方法で物性及び電池特性の評価を行った。それらの評価結果を表1に示す。
平均粒径5μmのSiO粉末とSi粉末とをSiO/Si=2/1の割合で混合した珪素酸化物を用いた負極材を製造し、実施例1と同様の方法で物性及び電池特性の評価を行った。それらの評価結果を表1に示す。
2 原料
3 析出基体
4 流量計
5 ガス導入管
6 反応管
7 真空ポンプ
Claims (7)
- 非水電解質二次電池負極材に用いられる珪素酸化物であって、SiOガスとモノシラン、二塩化シラン、三塩化シラン、四塩化ケイ素、四フッ化ケイ素、ジシラン及びテトラメチルシランから選ばれるケイ素含有ガスとの混合ガスを冷却析出させて得られ、酸素含有量が20〜35質量%であることを特徴とする非水電解質二次電池負極材用珪素酸化物。
- 平均粒径が0.1〜30μmであり、BET比表面積が0.5〜30m2/gである粒子であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の非水電解質二次電池負極材用珪素酸化物。
- 請求項1又は2記載の珪素酸化物からなる負極材を含む非水電解質二次電池負極。
- 請求項3記載の負極、正極及びリチウムイオン導電性の非水電解質を有するリチウムイオン二次電池。
- 請求項3記載の負極、正極及び導電性の電解質を有する電気化学キャパシタ。
- 非水電解質二次電池負極材に用いられる珪素酸化物の製造方法であって、SiOガスを発生する原料を、不活性ガスの存在下又は減圧下で、1,100〜1,600℃の温度範囲で加熱してSiOガスを発生させ、この発生したSiOガスに、モノシラン、二塩化シラン、三塩化シラン、四塩化ケイ素、四フッ化ケイ素、ジシラン及びテトラメチルシランから選ばれるケイ素含有ガスを添加し、混合した混合ガスを冷却析出させた析出物を回収することを特徴とする、上記非水電解質二次電池負極材に用いられる珪素酸化物の製造方法。
- SiOガスを発生する原料が、酸化珪素粉末、又は二酸化珪素粉末と金属珪素粉末との混合物である請求項6記載の珪素酸化物の製造方法。
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US13/103,173 US20110287313A1 (en) | 2010-05-21 | 2011-05-09 | Silicon oxide material for nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery negative electrode material, making method, negative electrode, lithium ion secondary battery, and electrochemical capacitor |
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CN103367808B (zh) | 2012-03-27 | 2016-09-21 | Tdk株式会社 | 锂离子二次电池 |
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KR20110128246A (ko) | 2011-11-29 |
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KR101676048B1 (ko) | 2016-11-14 |
CN102255082A (zh) | 2011-11-23 |
US20110287313A1 (en) | 2011-11-24 |
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