JP5400255B1 - NdFeB系焼結磁石及び該NdFeB系焼結磁石の製造方法 - Google Patents
NdFeB系焼結磁石及び該NdFeB系焼結磁石の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910001172 neodymium magnet Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 144
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 71
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 71
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007561 laser diffraction method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 55
- 238000005324 grain boundary diffusion Methods 0.000 abstract description 24
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 19
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 31
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 description 10
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- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 8
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- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 5
- -1 hydrogen compound Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000005347 demagnetization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RZJQYRCNDBMIAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Zn].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn] Chemical class [Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Zn].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn] RZJQYRCNDBMIAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001722 carbon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000005381 magnetic domain Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- UQDUPQYQJKYHQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl laurate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC UQDUPQYQJKYHQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JGHZJRVDZXSNKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl octanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(=O)OC JGHZJRVDZXSNKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000864 Auger spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004451 qualitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004445 quantitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009849 vacuum degassing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/06—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder
- H01F1/08—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder pressed, sintered, or bound together
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- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
- H01F41/0293—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets diffusion of rare earth elements, e.g. Tb, Dy or Ho, into permanent magnets
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- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
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- B22F1/05—Metallic powder characterised by the size or surface area of the particles
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- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
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- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
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- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
- H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
- H01F1/0571—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes
- H01F1/0575—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together
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Abstract
Description
プレス有り磁石製造方法では、圧縮成形体を作製するために大型のプレス機が必要となるため、密閉空間内で行うことが難しいのに対し、プレスなし磁石製造工程ではプレス機を用いないことから、密閉空間内で充填から焼結までの作業を行うことができるという特長がある。
a)NdFeB系焼結磁石中の主相粒子の平均粒径が4.5μm以下、
b)前記NdFeB系焼結磁石全体の炭素含有率が1000ppm以下、
c)前記NdFeB系焼結磁石中の粒界三重点における希土類リッチ相の体積の総計に対する、該希土類リッチ相中の炭素リッチ相の体積の総計の比率が50%以下、
であることを特徴とする。
上記NdFeB系焼結磁石を製造するための方法であって、
a)NdFeB系合金に水素を吸蔵させることにより該NdFeB系合金を粗解砕する水素解砕工程と、
b)粗解砕されたNdFeB系合金を、レーザ回折法で測定される粒度分布の中央値D50で3.2μm以下になるように微粉砕する微粉砕工程と、
c)前記NdFeB系合金の微粉末を充填容器に充填し、その後、充填容器に充填したまま該微粉末の配向及び焼結を行うプレスなし磁石製造工程と、
を有し、
前記水素解砕工程において吸蔵された水素を脱離させるための脱水素加熱を行うことなく、前記微粉砕工程と前記プレスなし磁石製造工程を行い、
前記水素解砕工程から前記プレスなし磁石製造工程までを無酸素雰囲気下で行う、
ことを特徴とする。
また、プレスなし磁石製造方法でも上記の第1の理由から脱水素加熱が行われていた。
本発明に係るNdFeB系焼結磁石の製造方法では、上記の通り、NdFeB系合金の粉砕から焼結までの工程をすべて無酸素雰囲気下で行うため、合金粉末の平均粒径を3.2μm以下という非常に小さなものとしても、酸化による磁気特性の低下や事故の発生を抑えることができる。これにより、高い保磁力を有するNdFeB系焼結磁石を製造することができる。
また、実験の結果、本発明に係るNdFeB系焼結磁石の製造方法では、微粉砕工程における出発合金の粉砕速度を従来よりも高くすることができること、プレスなし工程中の焼結処理において、最適な焼結温度を従来よりも5〜20℃程度下げることができることが分かった。粉砕速度が高くなることは製造時間の短縮に、最適焼結温度が低くなることはエネルギーの節約や充填容器の長寿命化に、それぞれ繋がる。
なお、ステップA3〜A5の工程はプレスなし工程により行われる。また、ステップA1〜A5の工程は、一貫して無酸素雰囲気下で行われる。
なお、昇温配向とは、配向工程の際に合金粉末を加熱することにより、合金粉末の各粒子の保磁力を低下させ、配向後の粒子間の反発を抑える方法のことである。この方法により、製造後のNdFeB系焼結磁石の配向度を向上させることができる。
一方、本実施例のNdFeB系焼結磁石の製造方法では脱水素加熱を行わない。そのため、図3に示すように、発熱に伴う温度上昇後、真空脱気しつつ室温まで冷却させる時間を多少長めに取っても、約400分で水素解砕工程を終了することができる。従って、図4の例と比べると、約1000分(16.7時間)ほど製造時間を短縮することができる。
なお、表2の結果は、いずれも微粉砕後の合金粉末の粒径が、レーザ回折法のD50で2.82μmになるように調整した場合のものである。また、微粉砕工程に用いるジェットミル装置には、ホソカワミクロン製100AFG型ジェットミル装置を用いた。磁気特性の測定には、日本電磁測器株式会社製のパルス磁化測定装置(商品名:パルスBHカーブトレーサPBH-1000)を用いた。
また、表2の脱水素無し、昇温配向無しの結果が、本実施例のNdFeB系焼結磁石の製造方法を、脱水素有り、昇温配向有りの結果が、比較例のNdFeB系焼結磁石の製造方法を、それぞれ示している。
さらに、被測定物の表面をイオンスパッタ(例えばArイオンによるスパッタ)していくことで、被測定物の深さ方向の元素分布を調べることができる。
本実施例のNdFeB系焼結磁石では、殆どの小領域において、20%以下の低いC/Ndが得られた。一部の小領域で50%のC/Ndを示す分布が見られたが、50%を超えるC/Ndを示す小領域はなかった。また、領域全体(全ての小領域を合わせた領域)でのC/Ndは26.5%であった。
一方、比較例のNdFeB系焼結磁石では、ほぼ全ての小領域で90%以上という高いC/Ndが得られた。また、領域全体のC/Ndは93.1%であった。
表3の実施例1〜4は、上記(i)〜(iii)の特徴を有する、それぞれ組成番号1〜4の合金に対して本実施例の製造方法により製造した、厚さ方向が磁化方向である縦7mm×横7mm×厚さ3mmのNdFeB系焼結磁石である。また、表3の比較例1〜4は、上記(ii)及び(iii)の特徴を有さない、それぞれ組成番号1〜4の合金から比較例の製造方法により製造した実施例1〜4と同じ大きさのNdFeB系焼結磁石である。これら実施例1〜4及び比較例1〜4のNdFeB系焼結磁石は、後述する粒界拡散法の基材として使用される。
まず、Tb:92wt%、Ni:4.3wt%、Al:3.7wt%のTbNiAl合金粉末とシリコーングリースを重量比で80:20の割合で混合した混合物10gにシリコーンオイルを0.07g添加したペーストを基材の両磁極面(7mm×7mmの面)にそれぞれ10mgずつ塗布した。
次に、上記ペーストを塗布した直方体基材を、複数の尖形状の支持部が設けられたモリブデン製のトレイに載せ、直方体基材を該支持部によって支持しつつ、10-4Paの真空中で加熱した。加熱温度と加熱時間はそれぞれ880℃、10時間とした。その後室温付近まで急冷して、次に500℃で2時間加熱して、再度室温まで急冷した。
このように本実施例の粒界拡散処理前及び粒界拡散処理後のNdFeB系焼結磁石の磁気特性が高いことの要因は、第一に、NdFeB系焼結磁石中の炭素含有率が低いため、Ndリッチな粒界三重点領域内に炭素リッチな領域が生成されることが抑制されるためと考えられる。第二に、Ndリッチな粒界三重点領域におけるCリッチな領域の量が少ないため、Ndリッチ相の通路を通って、十分な量のRH(本実施例ではTb)が基材内部まで拡散するためであると考えられる。
11…Ndリッチ相の存在する領域
12…Cが分布する領域
Claims (2)
- a)NdFeB系焼結磁石中の主相粒子の平均粒径が4.5μm以下、
b)前記NdFeB系焼結磁石全体の炭素含有率が1000ppm以下、
c)前記NdFeB系焼結磁石中の粒界三重点における希土類リッチ相の体積の総計に対する、該希土類リッチ相中の炭素リッチ相の体積の総計の比率が50%以下、
であることを特徴とするNdFeB系焼結磁石。 - 請求項1に記載のNdFeB系焼結磁石を製造するための方法であって、
a)NdFeB系合金に水素を吸蔵させることにより該NdFeB系合金を粗解砕する水素解砕工程と、
b)粗解砕されたNdFeB系合金を、レーザ回折法で測定される粒度分布の中央値D50で3.2μm以下になるように微粉砕する微粉砕工程と、
c)前記NdFeB系合金の微粉末を充填容器に充填し、その後、充填容器に充填したまま該微粉末の配向及び焼結を行うプレスなし磁石製造工程と、
を有し、
前記水素解砕工程において吸蔵された水素を脱離させるための脱水素加熱を行うことなく、前記微粉砕工程と前記プレスなし磁石製造工程を行い、
前記水素解砕工程から前記プレスなし磁石製造工程までを無酸素雰囲気下で行う、
ことを特徴とするNdFeB系焼結磁石の製造方法。
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