JP5400256B1 - NdFeB系焼結磁石 - Google Patents
NdFeB系焼結磁石 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910001172 neodymium magnet Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 124
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 45
- 238000005324 grain boundary diffusion Methods 0.000 abstract description 36
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 55
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 52
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 24
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 24
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 17
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 16
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 8
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- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 6
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- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000005347 demagnetization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004453 electron probe microanalysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RZJQYRCNDBMIAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Zn].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn] Chemical class [Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Zn].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn] RZJQYRCNDBMIAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000007561 laser diffraction method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005381 magnetic domain Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- UQDUPQYQJKYHQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl laurate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC UQDUPQYQJKYHQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JGHZJRVDZXSNKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl octanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(=O)OC JGHZJRVDZXSNKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004445 quantitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000864 Auger spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011088 calibration curve Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000879 optical micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004451 qualitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009849 vacuum degassing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/06—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder
- H01F1/08—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder pressed, sintered, or bound together
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
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- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C33/0257—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
- C22C33/0278—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5%
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
- H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
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- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
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- H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
- H01F1/0571—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes
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Abstract
Description
プレス有り磁石製造方法では、圧縮成形体を作製するために大型のプレス機が必要となるため、密閉空間内で行うことが難しいのに対し、プレスなし磁石製造工程ではプレス機を用いないことから、密閉空間内で充填から焼結までの作業を行うことができるという特長がある。
また、磁石全体の粒界にRHを行き渡らせることができず、保磁力及び角型比を十分に高めることができなくなる。
NdFeB系合金の粉末を配向し、焼結することにより製造した基材の表面に付着させたDy及び/又はTb(RH)を、粒界拡散処理によって該基材内部の粒界に拡散させたNdFeB系焼結磁石であって、
粒界三重点におけるRHの濃度Ct(wt%)と、二粒子粒界部におけるRHの濃度Cw(wt%)の差Ct-Cwが4wt%以下となる粒界三重点の数が、粒界三重点の総数の60%以上、
であることを特徴とする。
前記基材中の粒界三重点における希土類リッチ相の体積の総計に対する、該希土類リッチ相中の炭素リッチ相の体積の総計の比率が50%以下、
であることが望ましい。このような基材を用いることにより、粒界拡散処理の際にRHが炭素リッチ相に堰き止められることなく、上記のようにRHが粒界中を均等に拡散した構造を得ることができる。
なお、ステップA3〜A5の工程はプレスなし工程により行われる。また、ステップA1〜A5の工程は、一貫して無酸素雰囲気下で行われる。
なお、昇温配向とは、配向工程の際に合金粉末を加熱することにより、合金粉末の各粒子の保磁力を低下させ、配向後の粒子間の反発を抑える方法のことである。この方法により、製造後のNdFeB系焼結磁石の配向度を向上させることができる。
一方、本実施例のNdFeB系焼結磁石の製造方法では脱水素加熱を行わない。そのため、図3に示すように、発熱に伴う温度上昇後、真空脱気しつつ室温まで冷却させる時間を多少長めに取っても、約400分で水素解砕工程を終了することができる。従って、図4の例と比べると、約1000分(16.7時間)ほど製造時間を短縮することができる。
なお、表2の結果は、いずれも微粉砕後の合金粉末の粒径が、レーザ回折法のD50で2.82μmになるように調整した場合のものである。また、微粉砕工程に用いるジェットミル装置には、ホソカワミクロン製100AFG型ジェットミル装置を用いた。磁気特性の測定には、日本電磁測器株式会社製のパルス磁化測定装置(商品名:パルスBHカーブトレーサPBH-1000)を用いた。
また、表2の脱水素無し、昇温配向無しの結果が、本実施例のNdFeB系焼結磁石の製造方法を、脱水素有り、昇温配向有りの結果が、比較例のNdFeB系焼結磁石の製造方法を、それぞれ示している。
さらに、被測定物の表面をイオンスパッタ(例えばArイオンによるスパッタ)していくことで、被測定物の深さ方向の元素分布を調べることができる。
本実施例のNdFeB系焼結磁石では、殆どの小領域において、20%以下の低いC/Ndが得られた。一部の小領域で50%のC/Ndを示す分布が見られたが、50%を超えるC/Ndを示す小領域はなかった。また、領域全体(全ての小領域を合わせた領域)でのC/Ndは26.5%であった。
一方、比較例のNdFeB系焼結磁石では、ほぼ全ての小領域で90%以上という高いC/Ndが得られた。また、領域全体のC/Ndは93.1%であった。
表3の実施例1〜4は、上記(i)〜(iii)の特徴を有する、それぞれ組成番号1〜4の合金に対して本実施例の製造方法により製造した、厚さ方向が磁化方向である縦7mm×横7mm×厚さ3mmのNdFeB系焼結磁石である。また、表3の比較例1〜4は、上記(ii)及び(iii)の特徴を有さない、それぞれ組成番号1〜4の合金から比較例の製造方法により製造した実施例1〜4と同じ大きさのNdFeB系焼結磁石である。これら実施例1〜4及び比較例1〜4のNdFeB系焼結磁石は、後述する粒界拡散法の基材として使用される。
まず、Tb:92wt%、Ni:4.3wt%、Al:3.7wt%のTbNiAl合金粉末とシリコーングリースを重量比で80:20の割合で混合した混合物10gにシリコーンオイルを0.07g添加したペーストを基材の両磁極面(7mm×7mmの面)にそれぞれ10mgずつ塗布した。
次に、上記ペーストを塗布した直方体基材を、複数の尖形状の支持部が設けられたモリブデン製のトレイに載せ、直方体基材を該支持部によって支持しつつ、10-4Paの真空中で加熱した。加熱温度と加熱時間はそれぞれ880℃、10時間とした。その後室温付近まで急冷して、次に500℃で2時間加熱して、再度室温まで急冷した。
これらの数値を比較すると、実施例2のNdFeB系焼結磁石では、同じ出発合金から製造される比較例2のNdFeB系焼結磁石よりも粒界拡散処理後の最大エネルギー積の低下が大きくなっている。しかしながら、それ以外では、本実施例のNdFeB系焼結磁石の方が、同じ組成の出発合金から製造される比較例のNdFeB系焼結磁石よりも最大エネルギー積の低下が抑えられていると共に、その低下量は、比較例の低下量の半分近くになっている。
このように、同じ組成の出発合金に対しては、多くの場合、本実施例のNdFeB系焼結磁石の方が、比較例のNdFeB系焼結磁石よりも、粒界拡散処理後の最大エネルギー積(BH)maxの低下が抑えられる。
11…Ndリッチ相の存在する領域
12…Cが分布する領域
Claims (4)
- NdFeB系合金の粉末を配向し、焼結することにより製造した基材の表面に付着させたDy及び/又はTb(以下、「Dy及び/又はTb」を「RH」とする)を、粒界拡散処理によって該基材内部の粒界に拡散させたNdFeB系焼結磁石であって、
粒界三重点におけるRHの濃度Ct(wt%)と、二粒子粒界部におけるRHの濃度Cw(wt%)の差Ct-Cwが4wt%以下となる粒界三重点の数が、粒界三重点の総数の60%以上、
であることを特徴とするNdFeB系焼結磁石。 - 前記基材中の粒界三重点における希土類リッチ相の体積の総計に対する、該希土類リッチ相中の炭素リッチ相の体積の総計の比率が50%以下、
であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のNdFeB系焼結磁石。 - 前記基材全体の炭素含有率が1000ppm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載のNdFeB系焼結磁石。
- 前記基材を構成する粒子である主相粒子の平均粒径が4.5μm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載のNdFeB系焼結磁石。
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