JP5324598B2 - 非直角粒子検出システム及び方法 - Google Patents
非直角粒子検出システム及び方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
[0058]図4A、4B、及び4Cは、流れの方向とビーム断面プロファイルの長軸との間の様々な角度について粒子検出システムの実施形態の2次元検出器によって検出された画像を示す。これらのグレースケール画像は2次元検出器によって観察された強度を表し、黒色は低い強度であり、白色は高い強度である。これらの画像は図3Eと同様のフローセルの図を表す。これらの画像において、画像の最上部の明るい白色スポットは、ビームがフローセルに入るフローセルの壁とビームが相互作用することによって生成された散乱又は放射された電磁放射を表す。画像の最下部の明るい白色スポットは、ビームがフローセルを出るフローセルの壁とビームが相互作用することによって生成された散乱又は放射された電磁放射を表す。これらの画像において、125nmのサイズを有する粒子が、流れの方向350に沿って流体中で移動しており、ビームは軸315に沿って伝搬している。これらの画像中の差込み図は、ビーム伝搬軸に沿ったフローセルの図を示し、フローセル及び流れの方向350に対するビーム断面プロファイルの長軸305の方位を示す。
[0063]液体粒子カウンタを悩ませてきた1つの問題は、フローセルに試料細管を封着するための化学耐性シールがないことである。この問題を解決する一手法は、細管入口との封止を生成するために、反応しにくく実質的に剛性のポリマー、例えば、80 Shore DのKel−fを含むホルダ又はマウントを使用する。ホルダ又はマウントは、ホルダ又はマウントに一体化される細管の開口のまわりに1つ又は複数の同心シールを含む。これにより、潜在的な漏れ経路の数が減らされ、不適切に取り付けられることがある構成要素が除去され、許容範囲の数値が低減され、より均一なシール圧力が保証される。実施形態では、粒子カウンタ又は粒子検出システムはそのような細管マウントを含む。
[0066]粒子走行時間、適用区域を最大化し、被写界深度を最小にするために、粒子検出器中のレーザ経路は細管セルに対して傾けられる。一実施形態では、ビーム断面プロファイルの長軸は、細管セル内の流れの方向に非直角に向けられる。別の実施形態では、ビーム伝搬軸は細管セル内の流れの方向に非直角に向けられる。例えば、これらの軸は69°又は21°の相対角度で向けることができる。流れ中の粒子から散乱された又は流れ中の粒子によって放射された放射を収集すること、及び適切な合焦を保証することのために、検出器及び細管は、任意のセンサ画像化光学系、例えば上述のような光学系に対して傾けられる。本発明の画像化ベース粒子カウンタは、粒子スポットサイズ若しくはレーザビーム構造のいずれか又は両方の組合せを使用する自動合焦を適宜含む。
[0069]実施形態では、電磁放射は、粒子が粒子検出システムの電磁放射のビームと相互作用することによって散乱又は放射され、2次元検出器に達する散乱又は放射された電磁放射は検出され、それによって、散乱又は放射された電磁放射の強度に対応する複数の出力信号を生成する。これらの出力信号をさらに処理及び/又は分析して、粒子の特性を決定することができる。
[0072]本出願の全体にわたるすべての参考文献、例えば、発行済み特許若しくは登録特許又は均等物を含む特許文献、特許出願公開、及び非特許文献若しくは他の資料は、あたかも各参照が本出願の開示と少なくとも部分的に矛盾しない範囲で参照により個々に組み込まれる(例えば、部分的に矛盾する参照は、参照の部分的に矛盾する部分を除いて参照により組み込まれる)ように、参照によりそれらの全体が本明細書に組み込まれる。それぞれ2007年12月4日、2007年12月4日、及び2008年10月22日に出願された米国特許仮出願第61/005,336号、第60/992,192号、及び第61/107,397号は、参照によりそれらの全体が本明細書に組み込まれる。代理人整理番号No.171−07を有し、2008年12月2日に出願された、発明者のMitchell、Sandberg、Sehler、Williamson、及びRiceによる「Two−Dimensional Optical Imaging Methods and Systems for Particle Detection」という名称の米国非仮出願は参照によりその全体が本明細に組み込まれる。
Claims (33)
- 流体を収容するフローセルであり、流体は該フローセルを通って所定の流れの方向に流れる、フローセルと、
長軸及び短軸を有する断面プロファイルを有する電磁放射のビームを生成するための供給源であり、前記供給源が前記ビームを前記フローセル経由で導くように位置決めされ、前記長軸と前記流れの方向との間の角度が非直角であり、前記流体内に含まれる粒子が前記ビームと相互作用し、それによって散乱又は放射された電磁放射を生成する、供給源と、
前記散乱又は放射された電磁放射の少なくとも一部を受け取るように前記フローセルと光通信して位置決めされた2次元検出器と、
前記散乱又は放射された電磁放射を前記2次元検出器上に収集及び導くための光学系と、
を備え、
前記光学系は、前記長軸に非直角に位置決めされた光軸を有し、
前記2次元検出器は、前記光学系の前記光軸に非直角に位置決めされている粒子検出システム。 - 前記2次元検出器は、複数の検出器要素が前記散乱又は放射された電磁放射を受け取るように位置決めされた前記検出器要素のアレイを備える、請求項1に記載の粒子検出システム。
- 前記角度が5°〜85°の範囲から選択される、請求項1に記載の粒子検出システム。
- 前記断面プロファイルが、楕円又は長方形である形状を有する、請求項1に記載の粒子検出システム。
- 前記断面プロファイルが、5μmと100μmとの間から選択された、前記短軸に沿った幅を有する、請求項1に記載の粒子検出システム。
- 前記断面プロファイルが、50μmと1200μmとの間から選択された、前記長軸に沿った幅を有する、請求項1に記載の粒子検出システム。
- 前記断面プロファイルが、前記フローセルの縁部まで、又はその縁部を超えて延びる、前記長軸に沿った幅を有する、請求項1に記載の粒子検出システム。
- 前記フローセルが、前記ビームの伝搬軸に平行な第1のより長い側と、前記ビームの前記伝搬軸に垂直な第2のより短い側とを有する断面プロファイルを有する、請求項1に記載の粒子検出システム。
- 前記第1のより長い側が0.25mm〜10mmから選択された幅を有する、請求項8に記載の粒子検出システム。
- 前記第2のより短い側が80μm〜500μmから選択された幅を有する、請求項8に記載の粒子検出システム。
- 前記フローセルのアスペクト比が20以上である、請求項8に記載の粒子検出システム。
- 前記ビームの伝搬軸が前記流れの方向に垂直である、請求項1に記載の粒子検出システム。
- 前記ビームの伝搬軸が前記流れの方向に非直角である、請求項1に記載の粒子検出システム。
- 前記光学系が前記散乱又は放射された放射を前記2次元検出器上に画像化する、請求項1に記載の粒子検出システム。
- 前記散乱又は放射された電磁放射が、前記光学系によって、5μm〜80μmの間から選択されたサイズを有する2次元検出器上のスポットに合焦される、請求項1に記載の粒子検出システム。
- 前記2次元検出器が、前記2次元検出器の活性区域の端から端まで前記散乱又は放射された電磁放射の鮮明に合焦された画像を可能にするように位置決めされた方位を有する、請求項1に記載の粒子検出システム。
- 前記2次元検出器が前記散乱又は放射された電磁放射の空間的に分離された画像を与えるように位置決めされた方位を有し、前記散乱又は放射された電磁放射が前記ビームの伝搬軸と平行な第1の軸及び前記ビームの前記断面プロファイルの前記長軸と平行な第2の軸に沿って空間的に分離される、請求項1に記載の粒子検出システム。
- 前記2次元検出器が時間遅延積分を行う、請求項1に記載の粒子検出システム。
- 前記流れの方向が前記ビームの伝搬軸に垂直である、請求項1に記載の粒子検出システム。
- 粒子を検出する方法であって、
所定の流れの方向を有する流体中の粒子を供給するステップと、
長軸及び短軸を有する断面プロファイルを有する電磁放射のビームを前記流体経由で通過させるステップであり、前記長軸と前記流れの方向との間の角度が非直角であり、前記粒子が前記ビームと相互作用し、それによって散乱又は放射された電磁放射を生成する、ステップと、
前記散乱又は放射された電磁放射を、光学系を用いて2次元検出器上に収集又は導くステップであって、前記光学系は前記長軸に非直角に位置決めされた光軸を有する、ステップと、
前記散乱又は放射された電磁放射の少なくとも一部を、前記光学系の前記光軸に非直角に位置決めされた2次元検出器を用いて検出し、それによって前記粒子を検出するステップと、
を含む方法。 - 前記2次元検出器は、複数の検出器要素が前記散乱又は放射された電磁放射を受け取るように位置決めされた前記検出器要素のアレイを備える、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 前記角度が5°〜85°の範囲から選択される、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 前記2次元検出器が、前記2次元検出器の活性区域の端から端まで前記散乱又は放射された電磁放射の鮮明に合焦された画像を可能にするように位置決めされた方位を有する、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 前記2次元検出器が前記散乱又は放射された電磁放射の空間的に分離された画像を与えるように位置決めされた方位を有し、前記散乱又は放射された電磁放射が前記ビームの伝搬軸と平行な第1の方向に及び前記ビームの前記断面プロファイルの前記長軸と平行な第2の方向に空間的に分離される、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 粒子の電磁放射のビームとの相互作用を空間的に分離する方法であって、
流れの方向に流れる流体内に浮遊する粒子を供給するステップと、
電磁放射のビームを前記流体経由で通過させるステップであり、前記ビームが長軸及び短軸を有する断面プロファイルを有し、前記長軸と前記流れの方向との間の角度が非直角であり、前記粒子が前記ビームと相互作用し、それによって散乱又は放射された電磁放射を生成する、ステップと、
前記散乱又は放射された電磁放射を、光学系を用いて2次元検出器上に収集又は導くステップであって、前記光学系は前記長軸に非直角に位置決めされた光軸を有し、前記2次元検出器は、前記光学系の前記光軸に非直角に位置決めされた、ステップと、
前記散乱又は放射された電磁放射の少なくとも一部を前記2次元検出器を用いて検出し、それによって、前記散乱又は放射された電磁放射を前記ビームの伝搬軸と平行な第1の方向に及び前記ビームの前記断面プロファイルの前記長軸と平行な第2の方向に空間的に分離する、ステップとを含む方法。 - 前記散乱又は放射された電磁放射が、前記流体を囲むフローセルの壁から散乱又は放射された電磁放射から空間的に分離される、請求項25に記載の方法。
- 第1の粒子が前記ビームと相互作用することによって生成された散乱又は放射された電磁放射が前記2次元検出器の第1の位置に画像化され、前記第1の粒子とは異なる位置を有する、第2の粒子との前記ビームの相互作用によって生成された散乱又は放射された電磁放射が前記2次元検出器の第2の位置に画像化される、請求項25に記載の方法。
- 前記散乱又は放射された電磁放射に応じて前記検出器によって供給された信号を分析するステップをさらに含む、請求項25に記載の方法。
- 前記分析が、時間遅延積分、画像閾値分析、画像形状分析、パルス高分析、及びパルス幅分析からなる群から選択された1つ又は複数の技法を含む、請求項28に記載の方法。
- 粒子をサイズ分類する方法であって、
フローセルを通って流れの方向に流れる流体内に浮遊する粒子を供給するステップと、
電磁放射のビームを前記流体経由で通過させるステップであり、前記ビームが長軸及び短軸を有する断面プロファイルを有し、前記長軸と前記流れの方向との間の角度が非直角であり、前記粒子が前記ビームと相互作用し、それによって散乱又は放射された電磁放射を生成する、ステップと、
前記散乱又は放射された電磁放射を、光学系を用いて2次元検出器上に収集又は導くステップであって、前記光学系は前記長軸に非直角に位置決めされた光軸を有し、前記2次元検出器は、前記光学系の前記光軸に非直角に位置決めされた、ステップと、
前記散乱又は放射された電磁放射の少なくとも一部を前記2次元検出器上に画像化するステップと、
前記2次元検出器上に画像化された前記散乱又は放射された電磁放射の強度を決定するステップと、
前記2次元検出器上に画像化された前記散乱又は放射された電磁放射の前記強度を1つ又は複数の閾値基準値と比較し、それによって前記粒子のサイズを決定するステップと
を含む方法。 - 前記閾値基準値が前記フローセル内の前記粒子の位置に依存する、請求項30に記載の方法。
- 比較する前記ステップの前に、前記フローセル内の前記粒子の前記位置を決定するステップをさらに含む、請求項30に記載の方法。
- 比較する前記ステップの前に、前記フローセル内の前記粒子の前記位置を使用して1つ又は複数の基準閾値の値を決定するステップをさらに含む、請求項32に記載の方法。
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US8174697B2 (en) | 2012-05-08 |
JP5610167B2 (ja) | 2014-10-22 |
WO2009073652A1 (en) | 2009-06-11 |
JP5478501B2 (ja) | 2014-04-23 |
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US7916293B2 (en) | 2011-03-29 |
EP2232231A1 (en) | 2010-09-29 |
EP2232229A1 (en) | 2010-09-29 |
EP2232229B1 (en) | 2021-02-17 |
US8027035B2 (en) | 2011-09-27 |
CN101925809A (zh) | 2010-12-22 |
EP2232229A4 (en) | 2015-10-14 |
US20090244536A1 (en) | 2009-10-01 |
JP2013083656A (ja) | 2013-05-09 |
CN101910821B (zh) | 2012-09-05 |
US8154724B2 (en) | 2012-04-10 |
WO2009073649A1 (en) | 2009-06-11 |
JP2011505578A (ja) | 2011-02-24 |
JP2011505577A (ja) | 2011-02-24 |
CN101925809B (zh) | 2013-03-27 |
EP2232231A4 (en) | 2015-12-02 |
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