JP4871868B2 - 病原体および微粒子検出システム及び検出方法 - Google Patents
病原体および微粒子検出システム及び検出方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4871868B2 JP4871868B2 JP2007523811A JP2007523811A JP4871868B2 JP 4871868 B2 JP4871868 B2 JP 4871868B2 JP 2007523811 A JP2007523811 A JP 2007523811A JP 2007523811 A JP2007523811 A JP 2007523811A JP 4871868 B2 JP4871868 B2 JP 4871868B2
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- Optical Measuring Cells (AREA)
Description
本発明の一つの態様に従えば、微粒子検出システムが提供され、該微粒子検出システムは、サンプルの空気又は水を収容するためのサンプル領域を有する外部筐体と、該サンプルの空気又は水を通過するように収束光線を指向し、それによりサンプル領域中に存在する種々のサイズ(寸法)の粒子により光線の一部を種々の角度に散乱せしめ、光線の散乱されない部分が散乱されないままであるようにする光源と、該光線の少なくとも散乱されない部分を遮光し、散乱光の少なくとも部分を光路に沿って指向させる光線遮光装置と、該光線遮光装置の下流側の光路中に位置する検出器であって、該光線遮光装置により検出器上に指向された光を検出し且つ各パルスが粒子のサイズ(粒径)に比例する高さを有する出力パルスを生成する検出器と、ある与えられた時点のサンプル中で検出される空中浮遊微粒子又は水中浮遊微粒子のサイズ分布(粒径分布)を得るためのパルス高判別器と、ある予め決められており且つ問題であるサイズの範囲に入る微粒子の数があると警告シグナルを出す警報ユニットとを備えたものである。該光線遮光装置は、その散乱されない入射レーザビームを止めて、効率的に光源に起因するバックグラウンドのノイズを除き、次いで空気又は水のサンプル中の微粒子により散乱された光の角度の分布及び強度を検出し、該検出器の出力を粒子サイズの分布ヒストグラムに変換し、そして該ヒストグラムがある所定サイズの範囲の内の粒子が以上に大きな数の値となっていることを示しているならば警告のシグナルを発するものである。該所定サイズの範囲とは、問題の粒子に依存したものである。空中浮遊の菌に関しては、問題のサイズの範囲としては典型的には約 1 〜 3μmである;空中浮遊バイオ活性剤に関しては、問題のサイズの範囲としては典型的には約 1 〜 7 μmである;一方、空中浮遊アレルゲンあるいは、例えば、ベリリウムダストやアスベストなどのその他の有害物質に関しては、問題のサイズの範囲としては典型的には約 5 〜 50 μmである。問題が水中浮遊微粒子(バクテリアあるいはバクテリアの胞子を包含してもよい)の場合、問題のサイズの範囲としては典型的には約 1 〜 20 ミクロンである。
図1Aは、図1の検出システムのサンプル領域の部分の詳細を示すものである。
図2は、空中浮遊微粒子のサイズに対するミー散乱断面の関係を示すグラフである。
図3は、図1の光学システムを取り入れた本発明の具体例である微粒子検出システムのブロック図である。
図4は、パルス高測定並びに表示回路のブロック図である。
図5は、図4の回路のアナログ−デジタルコンバーターの部分の概略図である。
図5Aは、本回路の様々なところでのパルスの波形を示す図である。
図7及び7Aは、レーザ光源に代えてUV LEDを使用しており且つ本発明に従った粒子検出器の別の形態のものの、図1と同様の図である。
図8は、水中浮遊微粒子を検出するために特にデザインされたもので且つ本発明の別の具体例である粒子検出器の、図1と同様の図である。
図9は、レーザ光源に代えて図7及び7Aの具体例に従いUV LEDを使用しており且つ本発明の図8における具体例である水中浮遊微粒子検出器の、図8と同様の図である。
図10は、グリッド中に複数の本発明の検出器を描いてある平面図である。
図13は、本発明の別の好ましい具体例である空中浮遊病原体検出器及び空中浮遊病原体の特性分析システムのブロック概略図である。
図14〜17は、それぞれ、チロシン、トリプトファン、ニコチナミド・アデニン・ジヌクレオチド(NADH) 及びリボフラビン; 芽胞(胞子)、道路のダスト、硝酸アンモニウム、硫酸アンモニウム、カーボン・ブラック; 酵母サッカロミセス・セレビッシエ(saccharomyees cerevisial)のエアロゾル;及びディーゼル排ガスの相対蛍光強度に対する波長の関係を図示するグラフである。
図19は、本発明の別の具体例である水中浮遊病原体検出器の、図18と同様の図である。
図20は、レーザ光源に代えてUV LEDを使用しており且つ図19と同様の図である。
図21は、NADPHに関し波長の関数として蛍光発光の強度を描いたグラフを示す。
図22は、リボフラビンに関し波長の関数として蛍光発光の強度を描いたグラフを示す。
図23は、Hgアークランプで励起した四種の代謝産物の蛍光発光スペクトルを描いたグラフを示す。
図25は、本発明の具体例である微粒子/蛍光検出システムを示す。該システムでは二つの光のビーム(光線)は一緒にされて二つの蛍光シグナルを同時に測定することが可能にされている。
図26A〜26Bは、図25の微粒子/蛍光検出システムにおいて使用している光学カップラーの例である。
図27は、本発明の別の具体例で、光のシグナル中にあるノイズを低減するための光学系である。
図28は、微粒子検出システムで使用されるテストシステムの具体例である。
該光学ユニット10中を平行光又はほぼ軸に平行とされている光のビーム(光線)が通るように指向している半導体レーザまたはその他の光源12と、光学ユニットを透過する光を検出するための、光学ユニットの出力のところの第一の光検出器14と、該半導体レーザの光出力を検出するための第二の光検出器16と、光検出器14の出力を光検出器16の出力により除算するためのシグナルディバイダー18と、差動増幅器18の出力に接続される増幅器26と、アナログ-デジタル変換器(AD変換器)22と、ウィンドウコンパレータ回路24と、回路24の出力に接続されるコントロール/出力表示ユニット(コントロール/出力表示装置)を備えている。低信号検出回路26は、半導体レーザパワーを検出する光検出器/モニター検出器16の出力に接続され、回路の出力はコントロールユニット25(コントロール装置)にも接続される。警報装置28はコントロールユニット25にも接続される。コントロールユニット25は、該システムをコントロールするためのコンピュータ又はカスタムメイドのハードウエア/ソフトウエアであることができる。
Claims (10)
- 流動体中のある所定粒子サイズを有する生物体又はバイオ活性剤を検出するための検出システムであって、
筐体であって、流動体が該筐体を通過して流れるようになっている通路を有している筐体と、
該通路中を流れている流動体を通過するように光線を送り出す第一の光源と、
該通路の下流にあり且つ第一の光源の光路に位置している検出器であって、流動体中のある選択されたサイズの範囲にある粒子の中で検出と判別を行う第一の検出器と、
該通路を通過する流動体を通るように光を送ることで、該流動体中の粒子に蛍光を励起して発生させる第二の光源と、
楕円形ミラーであって、該楕円体の焦点の一つのところで生成された蛍光シグナルを楕円形ミラーの周囲の領域で集光して、該楕円体の他方の焦点のところに位置している光検出器に該集光された蛍光シグナルを指向せしめる楕円形ミラーと、
上記楕円体の他方の焦点のところに位置している検出器であって、該粒子の蛍光を検出する第二の検出器と
上記第一の検出器及び第二の検出器の出力に繋がっているコントロール回路であって、ある選択条件下に警告の出力シグナルを出すコントロール回路と、
を備えていることを特徴とする検出システム。 - 該第一の光源及び第二の光源が単一の光源を有していることを特徴とする請求項1記載の検出システム。
- 該流動体が空気を包含していることを特徴とする請求項1記載の検出システム。
- 該流動体が水を包含していることを特徴とする請求項1記載の検出システム。
- 該流動体が空気を包含し、該粒子径が約 1 〜 約 7ミクロンの大きさであることを特徴とする請求項1記載の検出システム。
- 該流動体が水を包含し、該粒子径が約 1 〜 約 20ミクロンの大きさであることを特徴とする請求項1記載の検出システム。
- 該第二の光源が波長約 270 nm 〜 約 410 nmであるか、又は、波長約370 nm 〜 約 410 nmであることを特徴とする請求項1記載の検出システム。
- 流動体中のある所定粒子サイズを有する生物体又はバイオ活性剤を検出するための検出システムであって、
筐体であって、流動体が該筐体を通過して流れるようになっている通路を有している筐体と、
該通路の片側にある光源であって、該通路中を流れている流動体を通過するように収束光線を送り出し、それにより光線の一部を該サンプル領域に存在している種々のサイズの粒子により様々な角度に散乱せしめる一方、該光線の散乱されない部分を散乱されないままであるようにする第一の光源と、
該第一の光源の光路に置かれているレンズと、
該光路に置かれている反射機構であって、ある範囲の角度に散乱された光を第二の光路に偏向する反射機構と、
該第二の光路に位置しているものであって、当該光の一部を検出し、対応する出力シグナルを生成するローアングル検出器と、
該反射機構の下流側であって且つ該光路に位置している第一の検出器であって、上記反射機構により反射されない角度で散乱された光の一部を検出し、対応する出力シグナルを生成する第一の検出器と、
該通路を通過する流動体を通るように光を送ることで、該流動体中の粒子に蛍光を励起して発生させる第二の光源と、
楕円形ミラーであって、該楕円体の焦点の一つのところで生成された蛍光シグナルを楕円形ミラーの周囲の領域で集光して、該楕円体の他方の焦点のところに位置している光検出器に該集光された蛍光シグナルを指向せしめる楕円形ミラーと、
上記楕円体の他方の焦点のところに位置している検出器であって、該粒子の蛍光を検出する第二の検出器と
上記第一の検出器及び第二の検出器の出力に繋がっているコントロール回路であって、ある選択条件下に警告の出力シグナルを出すコントロール回路と、
を備えることを特徴とする検出システム。 - 該流動体が空気であることを特徴とする請求項8記載の検出システム。
- 該ローアングル検出器で検出する散乱光は、該粒子径が0.1 μm 〜 1.0 μmの大きさのものであることを特徴とする請求項8記載の検出システム。
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US8218144B2 (en) | 2012-07-10 |
CN100595564C (zh) | 2010-03-24 |
US7430046B2 (en) | 2008-09-30 |
WO2006073492A2 (en) | 2006-07-13 |
WO2006073492A3 (en) | 2007-07-05 |
US20070013910A1 (en) | 2007-01-18 |
HK1105453A1 (en) | 2008-02-15 |
EP1784912A4 (en) | 2012-03-14 |
KR101170859B1 (ko) | 2012-08-02 |
CN101072995A (zh) | 2007-11-14 |
JP2008508527A (ja) | 2008-03-21 |
EP1784912A2 (en) | 2007-05-16 |
TW200825400A (en) | 2008-06-16 |
US20140078500A1 (en) | 2014-03-20 |
US20120147370A1 (en) | 2012-06-14 |
KR20070045214A (ko) | 2007-05-02 |
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