JP5309566B2 - 光起電力素子用電子供与性有機材料、光起電力素子用材料および光起電力素子 - Google Patents
光起電力素子用電子供与性有機材料、光起電力素子用材料および光起電力素子 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5309566B2 JP5309566B2 JP2007550597A JP2007550597A JP5309566B2 JP 5309566 B2 JP5309566 B2 JP 5309566B2 JP 2007550597 A JP2007550597 A JP 2007550597A JP 2007550597 A JP2007550597 A JP 2007550597A JP 5309566 B2 JP5309566 B2 JP 5309566B2
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Images
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G61/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G61/12—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G61/122—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule derived from five- or six-membered heterocyclic compounds, other than imides
- C08G61/123—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule derived from five- or six-membered heterocyclic compounds, other than imides derived from five-membered heterocyclic compounds
- C08G61/126—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule derived from five- or six-membered heterocyclic compounds, other than imides derived from five-membered heterocyclic compounds with a five-membered ring containing one sulfur atom in the ring
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y10/00—Nanotechnology for information processing, storage or transmission, e.g. quantum computing or single electron logic
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G61/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G61/12—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G61/122—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule derived from five- or six-membered heterocyclic compounds, other than imides
- C08G61/123—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule derived from five- or six-membered heterocyclic compounds, other than imides derived from five-membered heterocyclic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/02—Elements
- C08K3/04—Carbon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L65/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K30/00—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation
- H10K30/30—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation comprising bulk heterojunctions, e.g. interpenetrating networks of donor and acceptor material domains
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/10—Organic polymers or oligomers
- H10K85/111—Organic polymers or oligomers comprising aromatic, heteroaromatic, or aryl chains, e.g. polyaniline, polyphenylene or polyphenylene vinylene
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/10—Organic polymers or oligomers
- H10K85/111—Organic polymers or oligomers comprising aromatic, heteroaromatic, or aryl chains, e.g. polyaniline, polyphenylene or polyphenylene vinylene
- H10K85/115—Polyfluorene; Derivatives thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
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- H10K85/151—Copolymers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/20—Carbon compounds, e.g. carbon nanotubes or fullerenes
- H10K85/221—Carbon nanotubes
- H10K85/225—Carbon nanotubes comprising substituents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K30/00—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation
- H10K30/50—Photovoltaic [PV] devices
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Description
J.J.M.Halls、C.A.Walsh、N.C.Greenham、E.A.Marseglla、R.H.Frirnd、S.C.Moratti、A.B.Homes著、「ネイチャー(Nature)」、1995年、376号、498頁 E.Kymakis、G.A.J.Amaratunga著、「アプライド フィジクス レターズ(Applied Physics Letters)」(米国)、2002年、80巻、112頁 G.Yu、J.Gao、J.C.Hummelen、F.Wudl、A.J.Heeger著、「サイエンス(Science)」、1995年、270巻、1789頁 X.Li、W.Zeng、Y.Zhang、Q.Hou、W.Yang、Y.Cao著、「ヨーロピアン ポリマー ジャーナル(European Polymer Journal)」、2005年、41巻、2923頁
2 正極
3 有機半導体層
4 負極
5 一般式(1)で表される共役系重合体を有する層
6 アクセプター材料を有する層
本発明の光起電力素子用電子供与性有機材料(以下ドナー材料という場合がある。)は、一般式(1)で表される共役系重合体を含む。なお、光起電力素子用の材料とは、光電池(太陽電池など)、電子素子(光センサ、光スイッチ、フォトトランジスタなど)、光記録材(光メモリなど)など、光電変換機能や光整流機能などを利用した種々の素子に用いられる材料を意味する。
ITO:インジウム錫酸化物
PEDOT:ポリエチレンジオキシチオフェン
PSS:ポリスチレンスルホネート
P3HT:ポリ(3−ヘキシルチオフェン)
PCBM:フェニル C61 ブチリックアシッドメチルエステル
PC70BM:フェニル C71 ブチリックアシッドメチルエステル
なお、1H−NMR測定にはFT−NMR装置((株)日本電子製JEOL JNM−EX270)を用いた。また、平均分子量(数平均分子量、重量平均分子量)はGPC装置(クロロホルムを送液したTOSOH社製、高速GPC装置HLC−8220GPC)を用い、絶対検量線法によって算出した。重合度nは以下の式で算出した。
重合度n=[(重量平均分子量)/(モノマー1ユニットの分子量)]
合成例1
化合物A−1を式1に示す方法で合成した。
1H−NMR(CDCl2,ppm):7.97(s,2H)、7.83(s,2H)、7.09(m,6H)、6.87(d,2H)、2.73(m,8H)、1.65(m,8H)、1.32(m,40H)、0.88(t,12H) 。
化合物A−2を式2に示す方法で合成した。
化合物A−3を式3に示す方法で合成した。
1H−NMR(CDCl2,ppm):8.03(d,2H)、7.82(s,2H)、7.14−6.87(m,8H)、6.67(d,2H)、2.79(t,4H)、1.67(m,4H)、1.29(m,20H)、0.89(t,6H) 。
化合物A−4を式4に示す方法で合成した。
1H−NMR(CDCl2,ppm):8.02(d,2H)、7.82(s,2H)、7.23(d,2H)、7.09(d,2H)、7.06(s,2H)、6.99(d,2H)、6.86(d,2H)、2.71−2.62(m,8H)、1.75−1.53(m,8H)、1.36(m,24H)、1.00−0.86(m,12H) 。
化合物A−5を式5に示す方法で合成した。
1H−NMR(CDCl2,ppm):7.93(s,2H)、7.75(s,2H)、7.44(m,8H)、7.28(d,2H)、7.22(d,2H)、7.10(d,2H)、7.00(m,2H)、6.83(m,6H)2.86(m,4H)2.69(m,8H)1.73(m,4H)、1.63(m,8H)、1.34(m,36H)、0.93(m,18H) 。
化合物A−6を式6に示す方法で合成した。
1H−NMR(CDCl2,ppm):7.95(s,2H)、7.76(s,2H)、7.42(m,8H)、7.25(m,4H)、7.18(d,2H)、7.10(d,2H)、7.02(m,2H)、6.84(m,6H)、2.65(m,8H)、1.61(m,8H)、1.33(m,24H)、0.92(m,12H) 。
化合物A−7を式7に示す方法で合成した。
化合物A−8を式8に示す方法で合成した。
1H−NMR(CDCl2,ppm):7.96(s,2H)、7.83(s,2H)、7.10(m,6H)、6.87(d,2H)、2.73(m,8H)、1.65(m,8H)、1.36(m,24H)、0.91(t,12H) 。
化合物A−9を式9に示す方法で合成した。
1H−NMR(CDCl2,ppm):7.97(s,2H)、7.83(s,2H)、7.09(m,6H)、6.87(d,2H)、2.74(m,8H)、1.66(m,8H)、1.44(m,8H)、0.98(m,12H) 。
化合物A−10を式10に示す方法で合成した。
1H−NMR(CDCl2,ppm):7.98(s,2H)、7.83(s,2H)、7.11(m,6H)、6.90(d,2H)、2.77(m,8H)、1.30(m,12H) 。
化合物A−11を式11に示す方法で合成した。
1H−NMR(CDCl2,ppm):7.99(s,2H)、7.84(s,2H)、7.47(m,8H)、7.29(m,6H)、7.11(m,4H)、6.89(m,4H)、3.65(m,12H)、3.48(m,12H)、3.02−2.91(m,12H)、1.84−1.32(m,24H)、0.92(m,18H) 。
化合物A−12を式12に示す方法で合成した。
1H−NMR(CDCl2,ppm):8.06(d,2H)、7.87(s,2H)、7.46(m,8H)、7.28(m,6H)、7.12(m,4H)、6.89(m,6H)、3.64(m,8H)、3.47(m,8H)、3.00(m,8H)、1.62−1.25(m,16H)、0.91(m,12H) 。
化合物A−13を式13に示す方法で合成した。
上記A−15mgをクロロホルム1mlの入ったサンプル瓶の中に加え、超音波洗浄機((株)井内盛栄堂製US−2(商品名)、出力120W)中で30分間超音波照射することにより溶液Aを得た。
フィルファクター=JVmax/(短絡電流密度×開放電圧)
(JVmaxは、印加電圧が0Vから開放電圧値の間で電流密度と印加電圧の積が最大となる点における電流密度と印加電圧の積の値である。)
光電変換効率=[(短絡電流密度×開放電圧×フィルファクター)/白色光強度]×100
以下の実施例と比較例におけるフィルファクターと光電変換効率も全て上式により算出した。
A−1の代わりに上記A−2を用いた他は実施例1と全く同様にして光電変換素子を作製し、電流−電圧特性を測定した。この時の短絡電流密度は5.21mA/cm2、開放電圧は0.72V、フィルファクター(FF)は0.35であり、これらの値から算出した光電変換効率は1.31%であった。
A−1の代わりにp型有機半導体であるP3HT(アルドリッチ社製)を用いた他は実施例1と全く同様にして光電変換素子を作製し、電流−電圧特性を測定した。この時の短絡電流密度は2.31mA/cm2、開放電圧は0.19V、フィルファクター(FF)は0.21であり、これらの値から算出した光電変換効率は0.09%であった。
A−1の代わりにp型有機半導体である下記B−1を用いた他は実施例1と全く同様にして光電変換素子を作製し、電流−電圧特性を測定した。この時の短絡電流密度は2.25mA/cm2、開放電圧は0.45V、フィルファクター(FF)は0.30であり、これらの値から算出した光電変換効率は0.3%であった。
上記A−1の5mgとPCBM(アメリカン・ダイ・ソース社製)5mgをクロロホルム1mlの入ったサンプル瓶の中に加え、超音波洗浄機((株)井内盛栄堂製US−2(商品名)、出力120W)中で30分間超音波照射することにより溶液Bを得た。
A−1の代わりに上記A−2を用いた他は実施例3と全く同様にして光電変換素子を作製し、電流−電圧特性を測定した。この時の短絡電流密度は3.1mA/cm2、開放電圧は0.75V、フィルファクター(FF)は0.45であり、これらの値から算出した光電変換効率は1%であった。
A−1の代わりに上記B−1を用いた他は実施例3と全く同様にして光電変換素子を作製し、電流−電圧特性を測定した。この時の短絡電流密度は0.5mA/cm2、開放電圧は0.75V、フィルファクター(FF)は0.45であり、これらの値から算出した光電変換効率は0.17%であった。
A−1の代わりにp型有機半導体である下記ランダムコポリマーB−2(n/m=30/70)を用いた他は実施例3と全く同様にして光電変換素子を作製し、電流−電圧特性を測定した。この時の短絡電流密度は1.5mA/cm2、開放電圧は0.55V、フィルファクター(FF)は0.32であり、これらの値から算出した光電変換効率は0.26%であった。
A−1の代わりにp型有機半導体である下記B−3を用いた他は実施例3と全く同様にして光電変換素子を作製し、電流−電圧特性を測定した。この時の短絡電流密度は1.7mA/cm2、開放電圧は0.52V、フィルファクター(FF)は0.31であり、これらの値から算出した光電変換効率は0.27%であった。
実施例3と同様にして、表2〜3に示す各材料の有機半導体層を形成した光電変換素子を作製した。各実施例における短絡電流密度、開放電圧、フィルファクター(FF)、これらの値から算出した光電変換効率を表2〜3に示した。
Claims (6)
- 一般式(1)で表される共役系重合体を含む光起電力素子用電子供与性有機材料。
- 一般式(1)におけるR1〜R12の少なくとも一つがアルキル基である、または一般式(2)におけるR13〜R28の少なくとも一つがアルキル基である請求項1または2記載の光起電力素子用電子供与性有機材料。
- 電子受容性有機材料および請求項1〜3いずれか記載の光起電力素子用電子供与性有機材料を含む光起電力素子用材料。
- 電子受容性有機材料がフラーレン化合物である請求項4記載の光起電力素子用材料。
- 少なくとも正極と負極を有する光起電力素子であって、負極と正極の間に請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の光起電力素子用電子供与性有機材料を含む光起電力素子。
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JP2004168999A (ja) * | 2002-10-30 | 2004-06-17 | Sumitomo Chem Co Ltd | 高分子化合物およびそれを用いた高分子発光素子 |
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JPWO2008044585A1 (ja) | 2010-02-12 |
CN101522753A (zh) | 2009-09-02 |
EP2072557A1 (en) | 2009-06-24 |
KR101361312B1 (ko) | 2014-02-11 |
CN101522753B (zh) | 2014-01-29 |
US8269099B2 (en) | 2012-09-18 |
WO2008044585A1 (en) | 2008-04-17 |
TW200829560A (en) | 2008-07-16 |
US20100006154A1 (en) | 2010-01-14 |
EP2072557A4 (en) | 2010-04-14 |
TWI422580B (zh) | 2014-01-11 |
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