JP5428670B2 - 光起電力素子用材料および光起電力素子 - Google Patents
光起電力素子用材料および光起電力素子 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5428670B2 JP5428670B2 JP2009206825A JP2009206825A JP5428670B2 JP 5428670 B2 JP5428670 B2 JP 5428670B2 JP 2009206825 A JP2009206825 A JP 2009206825A JP 2009206825 A JP2009206825 A JP 2009206825A JP 5428670 B2 JP5428670 B2 JP 5428670B2
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 40
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 claims description 98
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 15
- -1 fullerene compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000005647 linker group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000005549 heteroarylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910003472 fullerene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003107 substituted aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- DEFLNOSTNCSZRB-IDTAVKCVSA-N 9-[(2r,3r,4r,5r)-3,4-dimethoxy-5-(methoxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-n-methoxypurin-6-amine Chemical compound CO[C@@H]1[C@H](OC)[C@@H](COC)O[C@H]1N1C2=NC=NC(NOC)=C2N=C1 DEFLNOSTNCSZRB-IDTAVKCVSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
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- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 84
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- NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Pd].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- HXITXNWTGFUOAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylboronic acid Chemical compound OB(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 HXITXNWTGFUOAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
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- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical class O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 8
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 7
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- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
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- XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N C60 fullerene Chemical compound C12=C3C(C4=C56)=C7C8=C5C5=C9C%10=C6C6=C4C1=C1C4=C6C6=C%10C%10=C9C9=C%11C5=C8C5=C8C7=C3C3=C7C2=C1C1=C2C4=C6C4=C%10C6=C9C9=C%11C5=C5C8=C3C3=C7C1=C1C2=C4C6=C2C9=C5C3=C12 XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
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- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalocyanine Chemical compound N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Pd]Cl PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
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- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K tripotassium phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 4
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- IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzothiazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC=NC2=C1 IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- GBRBMTNGQBKBQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;diiodide Chemical compound I[Cu]I GBRBMTNGQBKBQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
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- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000011056 potassium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydrogencarbonate Chemical compound [K+].OC([O-])=O TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002572 propoxy group Chemical group [*]OC([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000003226 pyrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005412 pyrazyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001725 pyrenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000714 pyrimidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000168 pyrrolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002943 quinolinyl group Chemical group N1=C(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000027756 respiratory electron transport chain Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009751 slip forming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000033 sodium borohydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012279 sodium borohydride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CRUIOQJBPNKOJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N thieno[3,2-e][1]benzothiole Chemical group C1=C2SC=CC2=C2C=CSC2=C1 CRUIOQJBPNKOJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 125000005259 triarylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- CWMFRHBXRUITQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsilylacetylene Chemical group C[Si](C)(C)C#C CWMFRHBXRUITQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002948 undecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/549—Organic PV cells
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- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Polyoxymethylene Polymers And Polymers With Carbon-To-Carbon Bonds (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
Description
ITO:インジウム錫酸化物
PEDOT:ポリエチレンジオキシチオフェン
PSS:ポリスチレンスルホネート
PC70BM:フェニル C71 ブチリックアシッドメチルエステル
Eg:バンドギャップ
HOMO:最高被占分子軌道
Isc:短絡電流密度
Voc:開放電圧
FF:フィルファクター
η:光電変換効率
なお、1H−NMR測定にはFT−NMR装置((株)日本電子製JEOL JNM−EX270)を用いた。また、平均分子量(数平均分子量、重量平均分子量)はGPC装置(クロロホルムを送液したTOSOH社製、高速GPC装置HLC−8220GPC)を用い、絶対検量線法によって算出した。重合度nは以下の式で算出した。
重合度n=[(重量平均分子量)/(繰り返しユニットの分子量)]
また、光吸収端波長は、ガラス上に約60nmの厚さに形成した薄膜について、日立製作所(株)製のU−3010型分光光度計を用いて測定した薄膜の紫外可視吸収スペクトル(測定波長範囲:300〜900nm)から得た。バンドギャップ(Eg)は下式により、光吸収端波長から算出した。なお、薄膜はクロロホルムを溶媒に用いてスピンコート法により形成した。
Eg(eV)=1240/薄膜の光吸収端波長(nm)
また、最高被占分子軌道(HOMO)準位は、ITOガラス上に約60nmの厚さに形成した薄膜について、表面分析装置(大気中紫外線光電子分光装置AC−1型、理研機器(株)製)を用いて測定した。なお、薄膜はクロロホルムを溶媒に用いてスピンコート法により形成した。
化合物A−1を式1に示す方法で合成した。合成例1記載中の化合物(1−h)はマクロモレキュルズ(Macromolecules)2004年、37巻、8978−8983頁に記載されている方法を参考にして合成した。
1H−NMR(CDCl3,ppm):7.44(d,J=8.6Hz,1H)、7.37(d,J=2.0Hz,1H)、6.75(dd,J=8.4 and 2.0Hz,1H)、3.75(s,3H)。
1H−NMR(CDCl3,ppm):7.44(d,J=8.9Hz,1H)、7.05(d,J=3.2Hz,1H)、6.78(dd,J=8.9 and 3.4Hz,1H)、3.78(s,3H)、3.36(s,1H)。
1H−NMR(CDCl3,ppm):7.48(d,J=8.9Hz,2H)、7.13(d,J=2.9Hz,2H)、6.78(dd,J=8.9 and 2.9Hz,2H)、3.81(s,6H)。
1H−NMR(CDCl3,ppm):7.56(d,J=8.1Hz,2H)、7.13(d,J=2.4Hz,2H)、6.89(dd,J=8.1 and 2.4Hz,2H)、3.83(s,6H)、1.2−0.6(m,62H)。
1H−NMR(CDCl3,ppm):7.44(d,J=7.6Hz,2H)、6.85(d,J=2.2Hz,2H)、6.72(dd,J=7.6 and 2.2Hz,2H)、3.85(s,6H)、1.3−0.6(m,52H)。
1H−NMR(CDCl3,ppm):7.81(s,2H)、6.83(s,2H)、3.88(s,6H)、1.42−0.93(m,40H)、1.37(s,24H)、0.79(t,J=6.6Hz,12H)。
1H−NMR(CDCl3,ppm):8.08(dd,J=3.9 and 1.1Hz,2H),7.80(s,1H),7.43(dd,J=4.9 and 1.1Hz,2H),7.52(dd,J=4.9 and 3.9Hz,2H)。
1H−NMR(CDCl3,ppm):8.08(d,J=4.3Hz,2H),7.77(s,2H),7.14(d,J=4.3Hz,2H)。
化合物A−2を式2に示す方法で合成した。
1H−NMR(CDCl3,ppm):7.91(s,2H),7.65(m,4H),7.38(m,6H)。
1H−NMR(CDCl3,ppm):8.15(s,2H),7.88(d,J=4.1Hz,2H),7.76−7.73(m,4H),7.52(d,J=4.9Hz,2H),7.40−7.36(m,6H),7.20−7.17(m,2H)。
1H−NMR(CDCl3,ppm):8.07(s,2H),7.71−7.68(m,4H),7.57(d,J=4.1Hz,2H),7.44−7.37(m,6H),7.12(d,J=4.1Hz,2H)。
化合物A−3を式3に示す方法で合成した。
1H−NMR(CDCl3,ppm):7.93(s,2H),7.72(s,2H),7.18(d,J=4.9Hz,2H),7.13−7.10(m,6H),7.01(d,J=3.5Hz,2H),6.94(d,J=4.9Hz,2H),6.94(d,J=4.9Hz,2H),2.86−2.75(m,8H),1.76−1.60(m,8H),1.5−1.2(m,40H),0.88(t,J=6.5Hz,12H)。
化合物B−1を式4に示す方法で合成した。
化合物B−2を式5に示す方法で合成した。
化合物B−3を式6に示す方法で合成した。
化合物B−4を式7に示す方法で合成した。
上記A−1(1mg)とPC70BM(4mg、Solenne社製)をクロロベンゼン0.25mlの入ったサンプル瓶の中に加え、超音波洗浄機((株)井内盛栄堂製US−2(商品名)、出力120W)中で30分間超音波照射することにより溶液Aを得た。
フィルファクター=IVmax(mA・V/cm2)/(短絡電流密度(mA/cm2)×開放電圧(V))
(ここで、IVmaxは、印加電圧が0Vから開放電圧値の間で電流密度と印加電圧の積が最大となる点における電流密度と印加電圧の積の値である。)
光電変換効率=[(短絡電流密度(mA/cm2)×開放電圧(V)×フィルファクター)/擬似太陽光強度(100mW/cm2)]×100(%)
以下の実施例と比較例におけるフィルファクターと光電変換効率も全て上式により算出した。
A−1の代わりに上記A−2を用いた他は実施例1と全く同様にして光起電力素子を作製し、電流−電圧特性を測定した。この時の短絡電流密度は8.72mA/cm2、開放電圧は0.84V、フィルファクター(FF)は0.48であり、これらの値から算出した光電変換効率は3.49%であった。
A−1の代わりに上記A−3を用いた他は実施例1と全く同様にして光起電力素子を作製し、電流−電圧特性を測定した。この時の短絡電流密度は8.28mA/cm2、開放電圧は0.84V、フィルファクター(FF)は0.46であり、これらの値から算出した光電変換効率は3.17%であった。
A−1の代わりに上記B−1を用いた他は実施例1と全く同様にして光起電力素子を作製し、電流−電圧特性を測定した。この時の短絡電流密度は4.90mA/cm2、開放電圧は0.64V、フィルファクター(FF)は0.34であり、これらの値から算出した光電変換効率は1.09%であった。
A−1の代わりに上記B−2を用いた他は実施例1と全く同様にして光起電力素子を作製し、電流−電圧特性を測定した。この時の短絡電流密度は5.21mA/cm2、開放電圧は0.60V、フィルファクター(FF)は0.34であり、これらの値から算出した光電変換効率は1.05%であった。
A−1の代わりに上記B−3を用いた他は実施例1と全く同様にして光起電力素子を作製し、電流−電圧特性を測定した。この時の短絡電流密度は6.12mA/cm2、開放電圧は0.81V、フィルファクター(FF)は0.35であり、これらの値から算出した光電変換効率は1.72%であった。
A−1の代わりに上記B−4を用いた他は実施例1と全く同様にして光起電力素子を作製し、電流−電圧特性を測定した。この時の短絡電流密度は7.56mA/cm2、開放電圧は0.74V、フィルファクター(FF)は0.45であり、これらの値から算出した光電変換効率は2.52%であった。
A−1の代わりに上記合成例1に記載した化合物(1−g)を用いた他は実施例1と全く同様にして光起電力素子を作製し、電流−電圧特性を測定した。この時の短絡電流密度は0.12mA/cm2、開放電圧は0.09V、フィルファクター(FF)は0.10であり、これらの値から算出した光電変換効率は0.001%であった。
2 正極
3 有機半導体層
4 負極
5 一般式(1)または一般式(2)で表される構造有する電子供与性有機材料を有する層
6 電子受容性有機材料を有する層
Claims (7)
- 一般式(1)で表される構造を有する電子供与性有機材料を含む光起電力素子用材料。
- 前記一般式(1)において環B、環Cおよび環Dが置換されていてもよいベンゼン環である請求項1記載の光起電力素子用材料。
- 前記一般式(1)においてX1およびX2がケイ素である請求項1または2記載の光起電力素子用材料。
- さらに電子受容性有機材料を含む請求項1〜3のいずれか記載の光起電力素子用材料。
- 前記電子受容性有機材料がフラーレン化合物である請求項4記載の光起電力素子用材料。
- 前記フラーレン化合物がC70誘導体である請求項5記載の光起電力素子用材料。
- 少なくとも正極と負極を有する光起電力素子であって、負極と正極の間に請求項1〜6のいずれか記載の光起電力素子用材料を含む光起電力素子。
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