JP5124161B2 - 色素増感太陽電池用色素および色素増感太陽電池 - Google Patents
色素増感太陽電池用色素および色素増感太陽電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5124161B2 JP5124161B2 JP2007108553A JP2007108553A JP5124161B2 JP 5124161 B2 JP5124161 B2 JP 5124161B2 JP 2007108553 A JP2007108553 A JP 2007108553A JP 2007108553 A JP2007108553 A JP 2007108553A JP 5124161 B2 JP5124161 B2 JP 5124161B2
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- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- PWEBUXCTKOWPCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N squaric acid Chemical group OC1=C(O)C(=O)C1=O PWEBUXCTKOWPCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005504 styryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001935 tetracenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=CC3=CC4=CC=CC=C4C=C3C=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001712 tetrahydronaphthyl group Chemical group C1(CCCC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ARYHTUPFQTUBBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiophen-2-ylboronic acid Chemical compound OB(O)C1=CC=CS1 ARYHTUPFQTUBBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CZGGHODVLHTOHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyl-[5-(5,5-dimethyl-1,3-dioxan-2-yl)thiophen-2-yl]stannane Chemical compound S1C([Sn](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC)=CC=C1C1OCC(C)(C)CO1 CZGGHODVLHTOHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WRTMQOHKMFDUKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N triiodide Chemical compound I[I-]I WRTMQOHKMFDUKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WRECIMRULFAWHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl borate Chemical compound COB(OC)OC WRECIMRULFAWHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005023 xylyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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Description
下記反応式1での反応によって、色素5を合成した。反応式1を参照して色素5の合成過程をより詳しく説明すると、フルオレン(6g、0.036mol、Aldrich社製)にヨード(4g、0.016mol)、過ヨウ素酸 (periodic acid、1.76g、0.008mol)、蒸溜水(10ml)、硫酸(1ml)及び酢酸(40ml)を添加して製造した混合溶液をヨード色がなくなるまで90℃で反応させた。反応が完了した混合溶液に過剰の蒸溜水を入れた後、ブフナー漏斗を利用してろ過した。ろ過で得られたろ過物を水で複数回洗って乾燥し、結果として得られた乾燥物に少量のアセトンを入れた後、低温に維持して淡黄色の2−ヨード−9−フルオレン(5a)を製造した。
下記反応式2に示されているように、前記実施例1でのN,N−ビス(9,9−ジメチルフルオレン−2−イル)アニリン(5c:0.54g、0.00097mol) に触媒テトラキストリフェニルホスフィン(0.08g、0.00007mol)を添加し、2,2’−ビチオフェン(3g、0.009mol、Aldrich社製)にテトラヒドロフラン(40ml)を添加した後、さらに−78℃でノーマル−ブチルリチウム(12.5ml、0.009mol)を徐々に添加して製造した混合溶液を常温で維持し、トリメチルボレート(1.2ml、0.0099mol、Aldrich社製)を添加して水で加水分解して得られた5−{2,2’−ビチオフェン}ボロニックエキシド}(5f:0.25g、0.0012mol)の水溶液をさらに添加して製造した混合溶液を90℃で15時間維持した。混合溶液の温度を常温に下げた後、溶液中の溶媒を全て除去し、クロマトグラフィ(展開剤:エチレンアセテートヘキサン=1:10)で分離して淡黄色の固体、2−[N,N−ビス(9,9−ジメチルフルオレン−2−イル)フェニル]−5,5’−ビチオフェン(5g)を得た。
前記実施例1において色素分散液中に5mMの濃度で下記化学式12のジオキシコリン酸をさらに添加したことを除いては、前記実施例1と同様な方法で実施して色素増感太陽電池を製造した。
前記実施例1において色素分散液中に40mMの濃度で前記化学式12のジオキシコリン酸をさらに添加したことを除いては、前記実施例1と同様な方法で実施して色素増感太陽電池を製造した。
下記反応式3での反応によって色素9を合成した。反応式3を参照して色素9の合成過程をより詳しく説明すると、まず、2−ヨード−5−ニトロフェノールアセテート(9a、1.00g、3.8mmol)、2−トリメチルシリルアセチル−5−チオフェン−カルボキシアルデヒド2,2−ジメチルプロパン−1,3−ジイルアセタル(9b)(1.11g、3.8mmol)、K2CO3(1.05g、7.6mmol)、Pd(PPh3)4(5mol%)及びCuI(5mol%)をジメチルアミン(10mL)とアセトニトリル(50mL)の混合溶媒中に溶解して製造した混合溶液を8時間還流及び攪拌した後、常温で冷却した。前記冷却された混合溶液に水(30mL)とジクロロメタン(50mL)を添加して有機層を抽出した。抽出した有機層をMgSO4で1次乾燥して再び真空下で2次乾燥した後、シリカゲルを利用したクロマトグラフィを実施して化合物(9c)を分離した。
下記反応式4での反応によって色素10を合成した。反応式4を参照して色素10の合成過程をより詳しく説明すると、まず、2−ヨード−9,9−ジメチルフルオレン(10a)6.5g、20.3mmol)、6−アミノベンゾ[b]チオフェン(10b、1.37g、9.23mmol)、炭酸カリウム(5.62g、40.6mmol)、銅(1.93g、30.5mmol)及び18−クラウン−6(0.29g、1.11mmol)を1,2−ジクロロベンゼン(70mL)に溶解して製造した混合溶液を、48時間還流及び攪拌して混合溶液を製造した。前記混合溶液を冷却して溶解しなった無機物質はろ過して除去した。ろ過液にアンモニア水溶液と水を混合した後、攪拌して有機層を抽出した。抽出した有機層をMgSO4で1次乾燥して再び真空下で2次乾燥した後、シリカゲルを利用したクロマトグラフィを実施して化合物(10c)を分離した。
前記実施例5において色素分散液中に5mMの濃度で前記化学式12のジオキシコリン酸をさらに添加したことを除いては、前記実施例5と同様な方法で実施して色素増感太陽電池を製造した。
下記反応式5に示されているように、前記実施例1での5’−[N,N−ビス(9,9−ジメチルフルオレン−2−イル)フェニル]−チオフェン−2−カルボキシアルデヒド(5e:0.179g、0.00032mol) にロダニン−3−酢酸(0.065g、0.00033mol)、酢酸アンモニウム(0.01g、0.00012mol)及び酢酸(20ml)を添加して製造した混合溶液を120℃で1時間加熱した後、常温で冷却した。混合溶液中の溶媒を全て除去して得られた乾燥物をジクロロメタンに溶解した後、水で洗浄してジクロロメタン有機溶媒のみを抽出し、乾燥剤硫酸マグネシウム(MgSO4)を利用して乾燥した。結果として得られた乾燥物をクロマトグラフィ(展開剤:酢酸エチル:ヘキサン=1:1体積比)で分離して2−5−((5−(4−(ビス(9,9−ジメチル−フルオレン−2−イル)アミノ)フェニル)チオフェン−2−イル)メチレン)−4−オキソ−2−チオキソチアゾリジン−3−イル)酢酸(7)を製造した。
下記反応式6に示されているように、前記実施例2での5’−[N,N−ビス(9,9−ジメチルフルオレン−2−イル)フェニル]−2,2’−ビチオフェン−5−カルボキシアルデヒド(5h:0.31g、0.00046mol)にロダニン−3−酢酸(0.093g、0.00049mol)、酢酸アンモニウム(0.015g、0.00019mol)及び酢酸(30ml)を添加して製造した混合溶液を120℃で1時間程度加熱した後、常温で冷却した。混合溶液中の溶媒を全て除去して得られた乾燥物をジクロロメタンに溶解させ、水で洗浄した後、ジクロロメタン有機溶媒のみを抽出して乾燥剤硫酸マグネシウム(MgSO4)を利用して乾燥した、結果として得られた乾燥物をクロマトグラフィ(展開剤:酢酸エチル:ヘキサン=1:1体積比)で分離して2−(5−((5−(4−(ビス(9,9−ジメチル−フルオレン−2−イル)アミノ)フェニル)2,2’−ビチオフェン−5−イル)メチレン)−4−ヨード−2−サイオヨードサイアゾリン−3−イル)酢酸(8)を製造した。
インジウムドーピングされた酸化錫透明伝導体の上に粒径5〜15nm程度の酸化チタン分散をドクターブレード法を利用して1cm2面積に塗布し、450℃で30分間熱処理焼成工程によって18μm厚さの多孔性酸化チタン厚膜を製作した。その後、80℃で試片を維持し、下記化学式13の構造を有する化合物をエタノールに溶解させた0.3mMの色素分散液に浸漬して色素吸着処理を12時間以上実施した。その後、色素吸着した多孔性酸化チタン厚膜をエタノールを利用して洗浄して常温乾燥し、光吸収層が形成された第1電極を製造した。
色素として下記化学式14の化合物を使用したことを除いては、前記比較例1と同様な方法で実施して色素増感太陽電池を製造した。
色素として下記化学式15の化合物を使用したことを除いては、前記比較例1と同様な方法で実施して色素増感太陽電池を製造した。
前記比較例3において色素分散液中に40mMの濃度で前記化学式7のジオキシコリン酸をさらに添加したことを除いては、前記比較例3と同様な方法で実施して色素増感太陽電池を製造した。
前記比較例1において色素分散液中に10mMの濃度で前記化学式7のジオキシコリン酸をさらに添加したことを除いては、前記比較例1と同様な方法で実施して色素増感太陽電池を製造した。
前記比較例2において色素分散液中に10mMの濃度で前記化学式7のジオキシコリン酸をさらに添加したことを除いては、前記比較例2と同様な方法で実施して色素増感太陽電池を製造した。
前記比較例3において色素分散液中に10mMの濃度で前記化学式7のジオキシコリン酸をさらに添加したことを除いては、前記比較例3と同様な方法で実施して色素増感太陽電池を製造した。
11 第1電極
12 光吸収層
13 電解質層
14 第2電極
Claims (11)
- 前記第1電極は、
透明基板と、
前記透明基板上に形成され、酸化インジウムスズ(ITO)、フッ素ドープ酸化スズ(FTO)、ZnO−(Ga2O3またはAl2O3)、アンチモンティンオキシド(ATO)、酸化亜鉛、酸化錫及びこれらの混合物からなる群より選択される導電性金属酸化物を含む導電層を有することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の色素増感太陽電池。 - 前記透明基板は、ガラス基板またはプラスチック基板であることを特徴とする、請求項2に記載の色素増感太陽電池。
- 前記プラスチック基板は、ポリエチレンテレフタレイト、ポリエチレンナフタレイト、ポリカーボネート、ポリプロピレン、ポリイミド、トリアセチルセルロース、ポリエーテルサルフォン及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択されたものを含むことを特徴とする、請求項3に記載の色素増感太陽電池。
- 前記半導体微粒子は、単体半導体、化合物半導体、ペロブスカイト構造を有する化合物及びこれらの混合物からなる群より選択されることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の色素増感太陽電池。
- 前記化合物半導体は、Ti、Zr、Sr、Zn、In、Yr、La、V、Mo、W、Sn、Nb、Mg、Al、Y、Sc、Sm、Ga、In及びTiSrからなる群より選択される金属の酸化物であることを特徴とする、請求項5に記載の色素増感太陽電池。
- 前記半導体微粒子はSi、TiO2、SnO2、ZnO、WO3、Nb2O5、TiSrO3及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択されることを特徴とする、請求項5に記載の色素増感太陽電池。
- 前記半導体微粒子は、50nm以下の平均粒子直径を有することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の色素増感太陽電池。
- 前記添加剤は、色素100質量部に対して100〜3000質量部が含まれることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の色素増感太陽電池。
- 前記光吸収層は、25μm以下の厚さを有することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の色素増感太陽電池。
- 前記第2電極は、Pt、Au、Ni、Cu、Ag、In、Ru、Pd、Rh、Ir、Os、C、伝導性高分子及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択された物質を含むことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の色素増感太陽電池。
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