JP4902973B2 - Eap遮断ロックアウト機構を含む外科医器具 - Google Patents

Eap遮断ロックアウト機構を含む外科医器具 Download PDF

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JP4902973B2
JP4902973B2 JP2005217080A JP2005217080A JP4902973B2 JP 4902973 B2 JP4902973 B2 JP 4902973B2 JP 2005217080 A JP2005217080 A JP 2005217080A JP 2005217080 A JP2005217080 A JP 2005217080A JP 4902973 B2 JP4902973 B2 JP 4902973B2
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surgical instrument
actuator
firing
eap
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フレデリック・イー・シェルトン・ザ・フォース
ユージーン・エル・ティンパーマン
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/068Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • A61B17/072Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
    • A61B17/07207Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously the staples being applied sequentially
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B2017/00017Electrical control of surgical instruments
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B2017/00367Details of actuation of instruments, e.g. relations between pushing buttons, or the like, and activation of the tool, working tip, or the like
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B2017/00367Details of actuation of instruments, e.g. relations between pushing buttons, or the like, and activation of the tool, working tip, or the like
    • A61B2017/00398Details of actuation of instruments, e.g. relations between pushing buttons, or the like, and activation of the tool, working tip, or the like using powered actuators, e.g. stepper motors, solenoids
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B2017/00831Material properties
    • A61B2017/00867Material properties shape memory effect
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B2017/00831Material properties
    • A61B2017/00867Material properties shape memory effect
    • A61B2017/00871Material properties shape memory effect polymeric
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/28Surgical forceps
    • A61B17/29Forceps for use in minimally invasive surgery
    • A61B2017/2926Details of heads or jaws
    • A61B2017/2927Details of heads or jaws the angular position of the head being adjustable with respect to the shaft

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Description

本願は、2004年7月28日出願のシェルトン4世(Shelton IV)による米国仮特許出願第60/591,694号(名称「電気的に作動する関節機構を含む外科器具(SURGICAL INSTRUMENT INCORPORATING AN ELECTRICALLY ACTUATED ARTICULATION MECHANISM)」)の恩典を請求するものである。
本発明は、複数列のステープルを組織に止めると共にそのステープルの列の間の組織を切断できる外科用ステープラ器具に関し、詳細には、ステープラ器具に関連した改良、並びに誤発射を防止するこのようなステープラ器具の様々な構成要素の形成方法における改良に関する。
腹腔鏡及び内視鏡(低侵襲性)外科器具は、切開部が小さく術後の回復が早く合併症のリスクが低いため、従来の開放外科手術よりも好まれる傾向にある。従って、トロカールのカニューレを介して所望の外科部位に先端部のエンドエフェクタを正確に配置するのに適した一定の低侵襲性外科器具が進歩した。このような先端部のエンドエフェクタは、様々な方法(例えば、エンドカッター、把持具、カッター、ステープラ、クリップアプライヤー、アクセス装置、薬物/遺伝子治療送達装置、及び超音波、無線周波、及びレーザーなどを用いるエネルギー装置)で組織にアクセスして診断したり治療効果を得ることができる。
このような装置は、把持、吻合、切断、及びステープル止めなどの機械的な外科動作を組織に対して行う場合が多い。確実な進入方法は、細長いシャフトの制限領域内を機械的に通過できるようにすることである。殆どの進歩は、ハンドル及びシャフトを介した1または複数の運動を統合したことであり、これにより良好な外科器具が実現されてきた。
例えば、外科用ステープルは、長手方向の組織の切開とその切開部の両側にステープル列のステープル止めを同時に行うエンドエフェクタを含む。エンドエフェクタは、一対の協働するジョー部材を含み、このような一対のジョーは、内視鏡または腹腔鏡に用いられる場合はカニューレ通路内を通過できる大きさである。ジョー部材の一方が、横方向に離間した少なくとも2列のステープルを有するステープルカートリッジを受容する。他方のジョー部材は、カートリッジのステープルの列に整合したステープル形成ポケットを有するアンビルを画定している。この器具は、複数の往復運動ウェッジを含む。このウェッジは、先端側に移動する時に、ステープルカートリッジの開口を通過してステープルを支持しているドライバーに係合し、ステープルをアンビルに向かって発射させる。
たとえ稀な器具の故障や人的ミスの回避も、低侵襲性器具の極めて望ましい目標である。このために、多くの機械的ロックアウトが導入されてきた。例えば、外科用ステープラでは、使用済みカートリッジがエンドエフェクタに存在する場合、またはエンドエフェクタが閉じないでクランプしていない場合に発射を機械的にロックアウトする。
このようなロックアウト機構はある程度有用であるが、場合によっては、代替または追加のロックアウト機構を設けるのが望ましい。複雑な機械的機構は、デザインの問題が生じ、故障の元になったり使用が複雑になったりする。
従って、誤作動を防止する改良された外科器具が強く要望されている。
本発明は、従来技術の上記した及び他の欠点を解消するために、細長いシャフトを介したエンドエフェクタの作動を防止するハンドル内に設けられた電動ロックアウト機構を有利に含む外科用ステープル止め/切断器具を提供する。電気アクチュエータがロックアウトするように付勢されている場合、作動のための複数の望ましくない条件を回避できる。
本発明の一態様では、対向するジョーを有するエンドエフェクタを含む外科器具が、基端アクチュエータをロックしてジョーの閉止を防止するように付勢された電気活性ポリマー(EAP)アクチュエータによって有利にロックアウトされる。従って、このロックアウトによって望ましくない器具の使用(例えば、トロカールを介した挿入や閉止後の発射など)が回避される。
本発明の別の態様では、外科器具は、下側ジョー及び回動可能に取り付けられた上側ジョーを有するステープル止め装置であるエンドエフェクタを作動させる発射部材を含む。電動アクチュエータが、発射部材に結合された基端アクチュエータをロックして一定の状態での発射を防止する。
本発明のこれら及び他の目的及び利点は、添付の図面及び以下の説明から明らかになるであろう。
誤作動を防止する改良された外科器具が提供される。
本明細書に含まる本明細書の一部を成す添付の図面は、本発明の実施形態を例示するものであり、これを参照しながら本発明の概要及び実施形態の詳細な説明を読めば、本発明をより良く理解できるであろう。
図1に示されているように、外科ステープル止め/切断器具10が、例示されている形態ではステープル止め装置12であるエンドエフェクタのマルチストローク発動作を行う。アンビル14が、細長い溝(ステープル溝)16に対して、回動取付部を中心に繰り返し開閉することができる。ステープル止め組立体12は、基端側が細長いシャフト18に取り付けられ、実施部分22を形成している。ステープル止め組立体12が閉じると、実施部分22の断面が小さくなり、細長いシャフト18の基端部に取り付けられた操作ハンドル20によってトロカールのカニューレから挿入するのに適した大きさになる。
ハンドル20は、そのハンドルハウジング154に取り付けられた回動ノブ30などのユーザー制御部を有する。回動ノブ30により、細長いシャフト18及びステープル止め組立体12をそのシャフト18の長軸を中心に回動させることができる。ハンドルハウジング154の横方向に亘って係合した閉止トリガーピン152(図2‐図5)を中心に、ピストルグリップ36の前方で回動する閉止トリガー26が押し下げられるとステープル止め組立体が閉じる。閉止トリガー26の前方で回動するマルチストローク発射トリガー34により、ステープル止め組立体12が、その中にクランプされた組織の切断とステープル止めを同時に行う。外科医が1回のストロークに必要な力を軽減するためにマルチストローク発射動作が用いられているため、左右のインジケータゲージホイール40及び41(40が図3に示されている)が回動して発射動作の状態を表示する。例えば、完全な発射動作に3回の発射ストロークが必要な場合は、インジケータホイール40及び41が1回のストロークで最大3分の1回動する。手動発射解除レバー42により、所望に応じて完全な発射動作の前に引き戻すことができ、引き戻しの付勢に問題が生じたり引っ掛かりが起きた場合に引き戻すことが可能である。閉止解除ボタン38が、閉止トリガー26がクランプされ、部分的な発射が起こる前に外側に突き出て、閉止トリガー26が外れるのを防止している。
ここで図1‐図5を参照されたい。細長いシャフト18は、外側構造すなわち長手方向に往復運動する閉止チューブ24を有する。閉止チューブ20は、ハンドル20の閉止トリガー26が基端側に押し下げられるのに応答してアンビル14(図1)を回動させて閉止する。特に図3に示されているように、閉止チューブ24の内部のフレーム28によって、細長いシャフト18がハンドル20に連結されている。フレーム28は、回動ノブ30が回動すると実施部分22が回動するようにハンドル20に回動可能に係合している。回動ノブ30のそれぞれの半シェルが、閉止チューブ24のそれぞれの長い側面開口70内に進入し、フレーム28に係合して回動ノブ30の回動を実施部分22に伝達する内側突出部31を含む。側面開口70の長手方向の長さは、内側突出部31が長手方向の固定位置に維持された状態で閉止チューブ24の長手方向の閉止運動を可能とする十分な長さを有する。
図3に示されているように、閉止トリガー26の上側部分160が、閉止リンク164を介して閉止ヨーク162を前方に押し出す。閉止リンク164は、その先端部が閉止ヨークピン166によって取付け点161で閉止ヨーク162に回動可能に取り付けられ、その基端部が閉止リンクピン168によって回動可能に取り付けられている。閉止トリガー26は、閉止トリガー引張りばね246によって開位置に付勢されている。閉止トリガー引張りばね246は、先端部が閉止トリガー26の上側部分160の基端側に取り付けられ、基端部が左右の半シェル156及び158によって形成されたハンドルハウジング154に取り付けられている。左右の半シェル156及び158がそれぞれ、閉止ヨーク162の左側面に形成された水平方向に細長い矩形開口169内をスライドする閉止ヨークガイドポスト159(図3及び図4)を含む。図4では、閉止ヨークガイドポスト159が矩形開口169の先端側に位置し、閉止ヨーク162が基端側に位置し、アンビル14が開いている。
閉止トリガー26の上側部分160は、後部ノッチ171を備えた基端クレスト170を含む。閉止解除ボタン38と回動固定アーム172が中心横ピボット173によって連結されている。圧縮ばね174が、閉止解除ボタン38を基端側に付勢している(右から見ると中心横ピボット173を中心に時計周りの方向)。閉止トリガー26が解除されると、図2及び図4に示されているように上側部分160が解放され、回動固定アーム172が、閉止解除ボタン38に引き込まれた基端クレスト170に位置する。閉止トリガー26が完全に押し下げられた位置に達すると、後部ノッチ171が回動固定アーム172の下側にきて、圧縮ばね174の付勢により回動固定アーム172が後部ノッチ171内に導入され固定されることを理解されたい。発射要素が引き戻された状態で、閉止解除ボタン38を手動で押すと、回動固定アーム172が回動して閉止トリガー26が上方に外れる。
閉止トリガー26が基端側にクランプされたら、発射ロッド32が、ピストルグリップ36に向かって押し下げられたマルチストローク発射トリガー34に応答してハンドル20から先端側に移動する。この時、外科医が、左右のインジケータホイール40及び41により発射動作の行程を確認することができる。発射トリガー34が、左右の半シェル156及び158を横方向に横断して係合した発射トリガーピン202を中心に回動する。
連結された伝達発射機構150が初めに引き戻され、ハンドル20のピストルグリップ36内に拘束された引張り/圧縮・組合せばね184によってその位置に維持される。ばね184の静止端部186はハウジング154に連結され、移動端部188は、スチールバンド192の下方に曲がった基端部190に連結されている。
スチールバンド192の先端部194が、連結されたラック200を形成する複数のリンク196a‐196dの前部リンク196aに設けられた取付け構造195に取り付けられる。連結ラック200は、フレキシブルであるが、実施部分22の発射ロッドを介して相当な発射の力を伝達でき、かつピストルグリップ36を容易に引き戻してハンドル20の長手方向の長さを最小にできる真直な硬質ラック組立体を形成する先端リンクを有する。引張り/圧縮・組合せばね184が、有効な発射動作の距離を長くすると共に、単一ばねに比べて最小長さを実質的に半分にすることを理解されたい。
反支持機構
図3‐図5に示されているように、反支持機構(anti-backup mechanism)250が、発射ストロークの合間に連結ラック200が引張り/圧縮・組合せばね184によって引き戻されるのを防止する。結合チューブ131が、その基端側及び先端側で発射ロッド32に連結され、発射運動が発射ロッド32に伝達される。ガイドポスト159は、結合スライドチューブ131の基端部分の横凹部133に係合している。リンク196a及び196bが、発射されると結合チューブ131の基端側に開口したキャビティ内に進入する。結合スライドチューブ131が、第1のリンク160aに当接し、発射ロッド32に連結され、発射運動を伝達する。発射ロッド32は、フレーム28の基端側から反支持プレート266の貫通孔408を通って基端側に延びている。貫通孔408は、直角に整合した時に発射ロッド32をスライド可能に受容し、傾くと引掛かる大きさである。下側タブ取付け部271が、フレーム28の基端部の下側リップから、反支持プレート266の下端部の開口269を貫通して基端側に延びている。この下側タブ取付け部271が、フレーム28に近接した反支持プレート266の下側部分を引き込み、発射ロッド32が先端側に移動する時に反支持プレート266が垂直になり、発射ロッド32を引き戻そうとすると、上部後方に傾いて引掛かる。先端側がフレーム28の基端部分によって拘束され、基端側が反支持プレート266の上部に当接した反支持圧縮ばね264が、反支持プレート266を固定位置に付勢している。
ばね付勢に反して反支持カムチューブ268が、結合チューブ131をスライド可能に覆い、反支持プレート266に当接している。反支持カムチューブ268に取り付けられた基端側に延出した反支持ヨーク256が、閉止ヨーク162の上に延在している。
連結ラックトリガー自動引戻し
図1‐図5に示されているように、リンクトリガー自動引き戻し機構289が、完全な発射行程の最後でナイフを引き戻すために外科用ステープル止め/切断器具10に設けられている。このために、最も基端側のリンク196dが、閉止ヨーク162に形成されたラック通路291内に最も基端側のリンク196dが前進した時に上方に延出するタング290を含む。このタング290は、反支持解除レバー248の下部基端カム292に整合して作動させる。左右の半シェル156及び158に形成された構造が、反支持解除レバー248の移動を制限する。左右の半シェル156及び158の内部にそれぞれ形成されたピンソケット296及び丸ピン293が、下部基端カム292の先端側の反支持解除レバー248に形成された長手方向に細長い開口294内に受容され、これにより長手方向の移動と、丸ピン293及びピンソケット296を中心とした回動が可能となる。右半シェル156では、基端側に開口した通路295が、上方先端側に曲がった部分295bに連通した基端水平部分295aを含む。この先端側に曲がった部分295bが、反支持解除レバー248の基端部の近傍の右側後部ピン297を受容し、これにより反支持解除レバー248がその移動の最も先端側の部分に到達すると上方に回動される。反支持解除レバー248の基端側の右半シェル156に形成された遮断構造により、組み立てられて基端側に開口した通路295に右側後部ピン297が維持されるとその基端側への移動が防止される。
従って、反支持解除レバー248の先端部254が、先端側下方に付勢され、これにより右側前部ピン298が右半シェル156に形成された先端側に開口した段構造299内に導入される。段構造299は、右側前部ピン298と長手方向に細長い開口294との間の反支持解除レバー248の左側フック308に掛けられた圧縮ばね300によってこのように係合するように付勢されている。圧縮ばね300の他端部が、閉止ヨーク162の上面に取付けられたフック302に取り付けられている。
従って、圧縮ばね300が、反支持解除レバー248の先端部254を下側後方に引張り、これにより先端側に前進すると右側前部ピン298が先端側に開口した段構造299内に固定される。
始動すると、反支持解除レバー248が、反支持プレート266を垂直に保持して前進を続け、これにより連結ラック200を引き戻すことができる。閉止ヨーク162が実質的に引き戻され、エンドエフェクタ12がクランプしていない時に、閉止ヨーク162の上方に突き出たリセットタング303が反支持解除レバー248の下部先端カム305に接触し、右側前部ピン298が、先端側に開口した段構造299から持ち上がり、これにより反支持圧縮ばね264が、反支持カムチューブ268及び反支持解除レバー248を引き戻し位置まで基端側に押すことができる。
EAPロックアウト機構を含む側爪発射機構
ハンドル20、特に連結ラック発射機構150が、前記した米国特許出願第11/052,387号に、例えば、連結ラックを断続的に移動させる側爪組立体の図面を参照して詳細に開示されている。しかしながら、図6に示されているように、側爪組立体285がEAPロックアウト機構199を含むように改良されている。具体的には、連結ラック発射機構150、具体的には、閉止ヨーク162、爪スライド(シャトル)270、及びリンク196a‐196dの改良により、バンパーばね201が、爪スライド270の垂直方向に開口した湾曲スロット203内に先端側が保持され、基端側の曲がった部分が爪スライド270の左側面に沿って延在している。それぞれのリンク196a‐196dは、その右側面の下部に沿って水平方向の凹部205を有する。この凹部205の連続的な接触面が、バンパーばね201により左側に付勢されて、連結ラック200の係合が解除される。閉止ヨーク162の右側に開口した水平スロット209に保持されたEAPブロックアクチュエータ207が、リンク196a‐196dの右側面に対して作動すると、連結ラック200が爪スライド270に近接してバンパーばね201が圧縮され、発射が可能となる。
従って、発射を防止するために様々な制御回路要素を設けることができることを理解されたい。例えば、イネーブルスイッチをハンドル20に追加することができる。別の例として、未使用のステープルカートリッジの存在または非存在、エンドエフェクタ内にクランプされた適量の組織の存在、補助化合物または治療装置(例えば、焼灼や滅菌など)の存在または非存在などを検出するためのセンサをエンドエフェクタ12内に設けることができる。更に、制御回路は、アナログ集中素子、プログラム可能な論理アレイ、マイクロコントローラ、または他のタイプの電子回路を含むことができる。
電気活性ポリマー
電気活性ポリマー(EAPs)は、電圧が加えられると形状が変化する導電物質がドープされた一連のポリマーである。要するに、この導電ポリマーを、一定の形態のイオン流体またはゲル及び電極と組み合わせることができる。この流体/ゲルのイオンが電圧が加えられると導電ポリマーに対して移動し、このイオンの流れによりポリマーの形状が変化する。加える電圧は、使用するポリマー及びイオン流体によって1V〜4kVの範囲である。電圧が加えられると、ある種のEAPsは収縮し、別のEAPsは膨張する。EAPsをばねや可撓性プレートなどの機械手段に組み合わせて、電圧を加えてこれらを変形させることができる。
電気活性ポリマーには、2つの基本タイプがあり、それぞれのタイプに複数の構造がある。この2つのタイプは、ファイバーバンドル型と積層型である。ファイバーバンドルは、約30μm〜50μmのファイバーからなる。これらのファイバーは、織物と全く同様にバンドルに織ることができ、このためEAPヤーンと呼ばれることが多い。このタイプのEAPは電圧が加えられると収縮する。電極は通常、中心のワイヤコア及び導電性の外側シースであり、この外側シースは、ファイバーバンドルを取り囲むイオン流体を受容することができる。市販されているファイバーEAP材料は、言及することを以ってその開示内容の全てを本明細書の一部とする米国特許出願第6,667,825号に開示されており、サンタフェ・サイエンス・アンド・テクノロジー(Santa Fe Science and Technology)によって製造され、PANION(商標)ファイバーとして販売されている。
他方のタイプの積層構造は、一層のEAPポリマーと、一層のイオンゲルと、このラミネートの何れかの側に取り付けられる2つの可撓性プレートからなる。電圧が加えられると、矩形のラミネートプレートが一方向に膨張し、その方向と垂直の方向に収縮する。ラミネート(プレート)EAP材料は、例えば、SRIラボラトリーズ(SRI Laboratories)の別会社であるアーティフィシャル・マッスル社(Artificial Muscle Inc)から入手可能である。プレートEAP材料はまた、日本のEAMEXが販売しており、薄膜EAPと呼ばれている。
EAPsはエネルギーが加えられると、単に一方向に膨張し、その逆方向に収縮するだけで、容積は変化しないことを理解されたい。ラミネート型は、一側が補強構造に用いられ、他側がピストンのように用いられる基本形態に形成することができる。ラミネート型は可撓性プレートの何れかの側に接着することもできる。可撓性プレートEAPの一側にエネルギーが加えられると、この一側が膨張してプレートが反対方向に曲がる。これにより、エネルギーを加えられる側を選択してプレートを所望の方向に曲げることができる。
EAPアクチュエータは通常、互いに協働する複数の層、またはファイバーバンドルからなる。EAPの機械的構造により、EAPアクチュエータ及びその運動性が決まる。EAPは、1つの中心電極を覆う細長いストランドに形成することができる。可撓性外側スリーブが、アクチュエータ用の別の電極を形成し、装置の動作に必要なイオン流体を含むことができる。この構造では、電極に電界が加えられると、EAPのストランドが収縮する。このようなEAPアクチュエータの構造はファイバーEAPアクチュエータと呼ばれる。同様に、ラミネート構造は、単に積層したり、また可撓性プレートの一側の複数の層に配置して性能を上げることができる。一般的なファイバー構造は、有効伸び率が2%〜4%であり、一般的なラミネート構造は、相当高い電圧の使用により20%〜30%の伸び率を有する。しかしながら、これらの伸び率は決定的なものではないことを理解されたい。
例えば、ラミネートEAP複合材は、プレート陽極層、この陽極層に取り付けられたEAP層、このEAP層に取り付けられたイオンセル層、及びこのイオンセル層に取り付けられたプレート陰極層から形成することができる。複数のラミネートEAP複合材が、間の接着層によって積層構造に接着され、EAPプレートアクチュエータが形成されている。所望の方向に選択的に曲げることができる対向したEAPアクチュエータを形成できることを理解されたい。
収縮EAPファイバーアクチュエータが、細長い円柱キャビティを経て絶縁ポリマー基端エンドキャップを通る長手方向のプラチナ陰極ワイヤを含むことができる。円柱キャビティは、陽極として機能するように導電物質がドープされたプラスチック円柱壁内に形成されている。プラチナ陰極ワイヤの先端部は、絶縁ポリマー先端キャップ内に埋め込まれている。複数の収縮ポリマーファイバーが、陰極ワイヤを囲むように平行に配置され、これらの端部がそれぞれのエンドキャップ内に埋め込まれている。プラスチック円柱壁の両端は、収縮ポリマーファイバーと陰極ワイヤの間の空間を満たすイオン流体またはゲルを密閉して円柱キャビティを取り囲むようにそれぞれのエンドキャップ及びに取り付けられている。プラスチック円柱壁(陽極)及び陰極ワイヤに電圧が加えられると、イオン流体が収縮ポリマーファイバー内に進入し、これによりそれらの外径が膨張すると共に長さが収縮し、エンドキャップが互いに対して近づく。
発射及び自動引き戻し
図2‐図5に示されているように、発射トリガー34が、ハウジング154に取り付けられた発射トリガーピン202を中心に回動する。発射トリガー34の上側部分204として示されている発射アクチュエータが、発射トリガー34がピストルグリップ36に向かって押し下げられると発射トリガーピン202を中心に先端側に移動し、基端側に配置された発射トリガー引張りばね206(図3)が伸長する。発射トリガー引張りばね206は、発射トリガー34の上側部分204とハウジング154との間に配置されている。発射トリガー34の上側部分204が、発射トリガーが押し下げられる度に、ばね付勢された側爪機構210によって連結ラック200に係合する。この側爪機構210はまた、発射トリガー34が解放されると、その係合を解放する。
具体的には、リンク196a‐196dのそれぞれの基端右側に面した傾斜面284にからなる傾斜右側トラック282が側爪組立体285に係合する。具体的には、爪スライド(シャトル)270(図3及び図6)が、左右に下部ガイド272を有する。これらの下部ガイドはそれぞれ、ラック溝291の下側の閉止ヨーク162に形成された左トラック274(図3及び図6)及びラック溝291に平行な閉止ヨークレール276の右トラック275をスライドする。ラック溝291にはラック溝カバー277が取り付けられ、爪スライド270の移動の先端側の閉止ヨーク162のラック溝291の右側に開口した部分が閉止される。図3及び図6では、閉止ヨークレール276の基端上部のフック279と爪スライド270の右先端部のフック280との間に取り付けられ、これにより爪スライド270が基端側に付勢されて発射トリガー34の上側部分204との接触が維持される。他の図面では、見易くするために圧縮ばね278は省略した。
図6を参照すると、爪ブロック318が、爪スライド270及び爪ブロック318の左側基端角部を貫通した垂直後部ピン320を中心に回動する爪スライド270の上に位置する。ブロック318の上面の先端部分に形成されたキックアウトブロック凹部322が、垂直ピン326によって回動可能にピンで止められたキックアウトブロック324を受容する。垂直ピン326の先端部が爪スライド270の上面の爪ばね凹部328内まで延在する。爪ばね凹部328の爪ばね330が、垂直前部ピン326の右側に延在して爪ブロック308を付勢し、爪ブロック308が上から見て反時計回りに回動して傾斜右側トラック282に係合する。キックアウトブロック凹部322の小さなコイルばね332が、キックアウトブロック324を付勢し、キックアウトブロック324が上から見て時計回りの方向に回動し、その基端部がラック溝291の上側の閉止ヨーク162に形成された成形リップ334に接触する。
爪ばね330が小さなコイルばね332よりも大きなメカニカルアドバンテージを有するため、爪ブロック318が時計回りに回動したキックアウトブロック324に向かって係合する。図5では、発射トリガー34が完全に押し下げられて解放されると、キックアウトブロック324が、爪スライド270が引き戻される時に成形リップ334のリッジ336に接触し、キックアウトブロック324が、上方から見て時計回りの方向に回動し、これにより爪ブロック318と連結ラック200との係合が解除される。キックアウトブロック凹部322の形状により、成形リップ334(図10)に対して垂直な向きへのキックアウトブロック324の時計回りの回動が停止され、係合解除が引き戻しの間維持され、これによりラチェットノイズが生じない。
上記したEAPロックアウト機構150に設けた上記した改良を除いたハンドル20の詳細が、言及することを以ってその開示内容の全てを本明細書の一部とする、共に2005年2月7日出願の自己の米国特許出願第11/052,387号及び同第11/052,632号に開示されている。
EAP発射爪ロックアウト機構の動作
図7‐図12に示されているように、側爪組立体285が発射をロックアウトする動作が示されている。具体的には、図7‐図9に示されているように、爪スライド270が、閉止ヨーク162と閉止ヨークレール276との間に長手方向にガイドされて横方向に拘束されている。バンパーばね201が、爪スライド270の左側及び連結ラック200の近接したリンク196aの水平凹部205まで横方向に延びて、この連結ラック200を閉止ヨーク162に形成されたラック溝291に沿って左側に付勢している。EAPブロックアクチュエータ207が、作動されていない時は横方向に収縮して閉止ヨークの右方向に開口した水平スロット209内に拘束されている。従って、発射トリガー34がそのリラックスした位置(図8)から押し下げられた位置(図12)まで引き下げられると、発射トリガー34の上部204が、爪ブロック318がリンク196aの基端右側に面したベベル面284に係合しないで爪スライド270を前進させる。従って、不所望の発射条件の場合に、下流に対してブロックすべき力が連結ラック200にかからない。
閉止EAP遮断ロックアウト
図13‐図15に示されているように、前記した外科用ステープル止め/切断器具と同一であるが、追加のEAPアクチュエータ612がハンドル20のハンドルハウジング654の左半シェル658の凹部614に受容された外科用ステープル止め/切断器具610に、代替の遮断ロックアウト機構600を設けることができる。左半シェル658は、閉止ヨーク162の左側面に形成された水平方向に細長い矩形開口669内をスライドする閉止ヨークガイドポスト659を含む。図14では、閉止ヨークガイドポスト659が矩形開口669の先端側に位置し、閉止ヨーク162が基端側に位置し、アンビル14が開いている。ガイドポスト659は内側に延出して結合チューブ131に係合している。結合チューブ131の基端側に開口したキャビティが、リンク196a及び196b(図15)を受容している。図14に示されているように、EAPアクチュエータ612が、横方向に延びた作動していない状態で、ガイドポスト659の後部の水平方向に細長い矩形開口669に係合している。従って、閉止ヨーク162が、その基端側の引き戻された位置に固定されている。図15では、EAPアクチュエータ612が作動して、閉止ヨーク162の矩形開口669から出て左側に収縮し、これにより閉止ヨーク162が先端側に前進してアンビル14が閉じている(図13‐図15には不図示)。
多くの腹腔鏡または内視鏡外科器具が、EAPロック機構を横方向に受容する開口または類似の係合構造を含むように改良できる少なくとも1つの可動部材をハンドルに配置できることを理解されたい。従って、このようなロックアウトから外科用ステープル止め/切断器具が恩恵を受けているが、他の多くの種類の器具も同様に恩恵を受けることができるであろう。
マルチストローク発射機構の手動引き戻し
前記した米国特許出願第11/052,387及び同第11/052,632号に開示され、図3、図5、及び図16‐図21にも示されているように、外科用ステープル止め/切断器具10が、発射行程の表示、発射機構の手動の解放、及び手動の引き戻しを提供する手動引き戻し機構500を含む。歯車機構502が、発射行程の進行状態を表示し、かつナイフを手動で引き戻すことができる。前部遊び歯車220が連結ラック200(図3及び図18‐図20)の歯が付いた左上面222に係合する。前部遊び歯車220はまた、小さな右側ラチェット歯車231を有する後部遊び歯車230に係合する。前部遊び歯車220及び後部遊び歯車230はそれぞれ、前部遊び軸232及び後部遊び軸234によってハンドルハウジング154に回動可能に連結されている。後部軸232の両端部がそれぞれ、左ハウジング半シェル158及び右ハウジング半シェル156を貫通して、左インジケータゲージホイール40及び右インジケータゲージホイール41に取り付けられている。後部軸234がハンドルハウジング154内で自由に回動でき、後部歯車230にキー係合しているため、インジケータギアホイール40及び41が後部歯車230と共に回動する。連結ラック200と遊び歯車220と後部歯車230の歯車の関係は、歯の付いた上面222が、強度が適度となる歯の寸法を有し、後部歯車230が、連結された伝達発射機構150の完全な発射行程で1回転以上しないように有利に選択することができる。
後部遊び歯車230の小さな右側ラチェット歯車231が、手動引き戻しレバー42のハブ506内に延びている。具体的には、ハブ506を二分する長手方向に整合した垂直スロット508(図6)に整合する。ハブ506の横貫通孔510が上側凹部512に連通している。前部514が、上側凹部512の先端部に形成された右側横ピン518を中心に回動する基端側に延びた固定爪516を受容する形状である。後部520が、固定爪516を下側に付勢して小さな右側のラチェット歯車231と係合させるL型ばねタブ522を受容するように形成されている。ホールドアップ構造524(図19)が、右半シェル156から上側凹部512内に延び、手動引き戻しレバー42が下っている時(図19)に小さな右側のラチェット歯車231に固定爪516が係合するのを防止する。コイルばね525(図3)が、手動引き戻しレバー42を下側に付勢している。
使用する場合、図18及び図19に示されているように、引張り/圧縮・組合せばね184を先端側に位置する連結リンクから外すことができる。図20及び図21では、手動引き戻しレバー42が引き上げられ、固定爪516が時計回りの方向に回動し、ホールドアップ構造524によって保持されなくなり、小さな右側ラチェット歯車231に係合し、後部遊び歯車230が左から見て時計回りの方向に回動する。従って、これに応答して前部遊び歯車220が反時計回りの方向に回動して連結ラック200を引き戻す。加えて、手動引き戻しレバー42がストッパー531まで回動すると、ハブ506から突き出た右側湾曲リッジ530が、反支持解除レバー248に接触して先端側に移動させ、反支持機構250が解除される。
手動引き戻し機構のEAP発射ロックアウト機構
図22及び図23に示されているように、EAPロックアウト機構550が、手動引き戻しレバー42’の改良されたハブ506’に有利に配置されている。上側凹部の先端面514’がEAPロック部材519の保持端部517を受容するスロット513を成し、上側凹部の基端面512’が、EAPロック部材519の自由端523に当接するロックプランジャー521を受容するアクチュエータ凹部527を成している。図22に示されているように、EAPロック部材519が作動していない場合は、反対側の圧縮ばね529がロックプランジャー521をアクチュエータ凹部527から先端側に付勢している。ロックプランジャー521が、L型ばねタブ522及び固定爪516を下側に押して右側の小さなラチェット歯車231に係合させ、発射を防止している。有利なことに、発射動作が別にロックアウトされていても、外科医が発射機構を引き戻すことができる。図23に示されているように、EAPロック部材519が作動して基端側に膨張し、ロックプランジャー521がアクチュエータ凹部の基端側に付勢され、固定爪516がL型ばねタブ522に対して押し上がり、発射が可能となる。
発射トリガーEAPロック機構
図24‐図28に示されているように、EAPロック機構800が、EAPロックアクチュエータ822を発射トリガー834の上端部804に形成された固定リッジ802に対して固定するようにハンドル20内に有利に配置されている。EAP固定アクチュエータ822は、ハンドルハウジング854に形成されたアクチュエータガイド835によって、下方やや先端側に移動できるように拘束されている。図24及び図25では、EAPアクチュエータ822は、アクチュエータ凹部835の上端部に保持された固定端部857及びアクチュエータピストン861に保持された移動端部859を有するEAP部材855から構成されている。EAP部材855を覆っている圧縮ばね863が、アクチュエータ凹部835の上端部に当接した上端部865及びアクチュエータピストン861に当接した下端部869を有する。硬い先端部865は、発射トリガー834の固定リッジ802に近接した凹面867に一致するようにアクチュエータピストン861の露出した端部に取り付けられている。EAP部材855は、図24及び図26に示されているように、通常は膨張して、硬い端部865が凹面867に当接して発射トリガー834の固定リッジ802の前方への回動を防止している。図25では、EAP部材855が収縮してアクチュエータピストン861、硬い端部865、及び圧縮ばね855が引き上げられ、発射トリガー834を押すことができる。
同様のEAPロック機構を、2つの機能を果たすトリガーではなく2つのトリガーを有する外科用ステープル止め/切断器具の閉止トリガーに配置できることを理解されたい。
本発明は、かなり詳細に記載した実施形態を用いて説明したが、出願者は添付の特許請求の範囲がこのような詳細に限定されることを意図していない。当業者であれば、別の利点及び改良に容易に想到するであろう。
ここで用いる「基端側」及び「先端側」は、医師が器具のハンドルを把持する場合について用いていることを理解されたい。従って、エンドエフェクタ12は基端側のハンドル20に対して先端側である。「前部」及び「後部」などの類似の語も、先端側及び基端側と同様に用いられる。ここで用いる「垂直」及び「水平」などの空間を示す語も分かり易くするために図面に対して用いられるものであることを理解されたい。しかしながら、外科器具は様々な向き及び位置で用いることができ、これらの語が限定及び絶対を意味するものではない。
本発明は、腹腔鏡及び内視鏡の処置及び装置について説明している。しかしながら、ここで用いる「内視鏡的」などの語は、本発明を内視鏡カニューレ(すなわち、トロカール)のみと使用できる外科用ステープル止め/切断器具に限定するものではない。それどころか、本発明は、限定するものではないが腹腔鏡処置または開放処置を含む小さな切開部を介してアクセスしなければならないあらゆる処置に用いることができると考えられる。
本発明に適した用途には、連結されたラックではなく一体の発射ラックを用いた器具も含まれ得る。
連結ラック200は、実施部分22を作動させる発射部材の基端係合部分として機能する。ばね付勢側爪組立体285の代わりに摩擦係合を用いることができることを理解されたい。このような摩擦係合については、言及することを以ってその開示内容の全てを本明細書の一部とする、ジェフリーS.スウェイズ(Jeffrey S. Swayze)らによる同時係属中の自己の米国特許出願第10/673,662号(名称「トラクション付勢ラチェット機構を含むマルチストローク発射動作を利用する外科用ステープル止め器具(SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENT HAVING MULTISTROKE FIRING INCORPORATING A TRACTION-BIASED RACHETING MECHANISM)」)に開示されている。
加えて、連結ラック200の側爪組立体285に対する左側の向きも例示目的である。連結ラックまたは一体ラックを、発射トリガー(例えば、ばね付勢された爪やトラクション付勢された部材など)に結合された選択的に係合する部材の上、下、または右側に向けることができることを理解されたい。
上記した形態では、側爪がラック200と係合するようにばね付勢されているが、発射トリガーが解放されて基端側に移動する際に係合が解除される。ばねが、EAPロックアウトアクチュエータによって打ち負かされない限り、係合しないように爪スライドを付勢している。本発明に適した用途には、爪を発射機構のラックに係合するように付勢するEAPロックアウトアクチュエータが含まれ得ることを理解されたい。従って、爪を係合解除するように付勢することができる。発射トリガーに結合されたセンサにより、発射トリガーが検出された場合に、EAPロックアウトアクチュエータを押されて解放されていない状態から作動させることができる。EAPロックアウトアクチュエータが(場合によっては他の前提条件に一致した場合に)作動されて爪を付勢してラックに係合させる。
上記した形態では、ラックと爪の係合は、発射動作を発射トリガーから発射バーに確実に伝達でき有利である。本発明に適した用途には、発射部材の基端部分と発射トリガーなどの発射アクチュエータとの間の摩擦係合が含まれ得ることを理解されたい。EAPロックアウトアクチュエータは、間隔を維持して引掛かり接触を防止したり、引掛かりによる変形を防止することができる(例えば、スクリーンドア・ダンパーロック)。
たとえ電力が供給されていない機能していない状態でも、多くの適用例ではロックアウトがロックされた状態に初期設定されるのが望ましいが、本発明に一致した適用例が、特に、固定機構によって発射動作が防止されていて発射動作に電力が必要な場合に、ロックされていない状態に初期設定された電気的に作動するロックアウト機構を含むことができることを理解されたい。更に別の代替の形態では、双安定ロックが、電動アクチュエータが固定機構の状態を切り替えるまで、ロックされた状態またはロックされていない状態に維持することができる。
別の例として、ロックアウト機構は、爪スライドをラックに向かって押すためにラックとは反対側に爪スライドに配置されたEAPアクチュエータを含むことができる。更に、このEAPアクチュエータは、爪スライドまたは爪スライドに近接したハンドルの固定要素に取り付けることができる。
更に別の例として、係合機構(例えば、爪/爪スライド)から離間した発射部材(例えば、ラック)の基端側係合部分を付勢するロックアウト機構の付勢に、発射部材及び/または係合機構の基端側係合部分の内面に取り付けられる弾性ストリップ材料を用いることができる。
電気活性ポリマーは多くの点で有用であるが、本発明に一致したある適用例では、電動アクチュエータの代わりにソレノイドを用いることもできる。
本発明の実施態様は以下の通りである。
(1)外科器具であって、
細長いシャフトと、
運動のために前記細長いシャフト内に受容された制御部材と、
前記制御部材から受け取った制御運動に応答して作動するように機能的に構成されたエンドエフェクタと、
前記細長いシャフトの基端側に取り付けられた、外科的開口部を介して前記エンドエフェクタを配置するためのハンドルと、
運動のために前記ハンドルに取り付けられ前記制御部材に結合された、使用者の入力に対して制御運動を起こすべく第1の位置から第2の位置に移動するように機能的に構成された制御アクチュエータと、
イネーブル信号を生成するために機能的に構成された制御回路と、
前記第2の位置に移動するのを防止するために前記第1の位置で前記制御アクチュエータに接触してロックされるように付勢され、前記イネーブル信号に応答して前記制御アクチュエータから固定解除するように付勢された電動アクチュエータとを含むことを特徴とする外科器具。
(2)前記電動アクチュエータが電気活性ポリマー(EAP)アクチュエータを含むことを特徴とする実施態様(1)に記載の外科器具。
(3)前記制御アクチュエータがトリガーを含むことを特徴とする実施態様(1)に記載の外科器具。
(4)前記制御アクチュエータが、固定開口を含む長手方向に往復運動する部材を含み、
前記電動アクチュエータが、前記固定開口内に進入するようにばね付勢された固定ボルトを含むことを特徴とする実施態様(1)に記載の外科器具。
(5)前記電動アクチュエータが更に、前記固定開口から前記固定ボルトを引き戻すように機能的に構成された電気活性ポリマーを含むことを特徴とする実施態様(4)に記載の外科器具。
(6)前記制御アクチュエータが更にラックを含み、
前記外科用器具が更に、ラチェット機構によって前記ラックに結合された手動引き戻しレバーを含み、
前記電動アクチュエータがラチェット動作を防止する爪ロックを含むことを特徴とする実施態様(1)に記載の外科器具。
(7)外科器具であって、
回動可能な対向したジョーを含むエンドエフェクタと、
前記エンドエフェクタに取り付けられた細長いシャフトと、
前記細長いシャフトによって受容され、前記エンドエフェクタを閉じるために前記エンドエフェクタに結合された往復運動部材と、
ハンドル部材とを含み、このハンドル部材が、
前記往復運動部材に連結された基端アクチュエータと、
前記基端アクチュエータにロックするように付勢された、運動のために前記ハンドルに取り付けられたロック部材と、
電気信号に応答して前記ロック部材のロックを解除するように前記基端アクチュエータに連結された電気活性ポリマーアクチュエータと、
前記電気信号を選択的に生成するように機能的に構成された回路とを含むことを特徴とする外科器具。
(8)前記回動可能な対向したジョーが、前記細長いシャフトに連結された下側ジョー及び回動可能に取り付けられた上側ジョーを含み、
前記往復運動部材が閉止チューブを含み、
前記基端アクチュエータが、前記閉止チューブを移動させるために結合された閉止ヨークを含み、
前記ロック部材が、前記閉止ヨークの先端側への移動を選択的に可能にするように機能的に構成されていることを特徴とする実施態様(7)に記載の外科器具。
(9)外科器具であって、
下側ジョー及び回動可能に取り付けられた上側ジョーを含むエンドエフェクタと、
前記下側ジョーに取り付けられた細長いシャフトと、
前記下側ジョー内に受容されたステープルカートリッジと、
前記ステープルカートリッジを横切るように位置する切断面を先端側に備えた、前記細長いシャフトに受容された発射部材と、
ハンドルとを含み、このハンドルが、
前記発射部材に結合された基端アクチュエータと、
前記基端アクチュエータにロックするように付勢された、運動のために前記ハンドルに取り付けられたロック部材と、
電気信号に応答して前記ロック部材のロックを解除するように前記基端アクチュエータに連結された電動アクチュエータと、
前記電気信号を選択的に生成するように機能的に構成された回路とを含むことを特徴とする外科器具。
(10)前記電動アクチュエータが電気活性ポリマーを含むことを特徴とする実施態様(9)に記載の外科器具。
(11)前記基端アクチュエータがトリガーを含むことを特徴とする実施態様(9)に記載の外科器具。
(12)前記トリガーが発射トリガーを含むことを特徴とする実施態様(11)に記載の外科器具。
(13)前記トリガーが閉止トリガーを含むことを特徴とする実施態様(11)に記載の外科器具。
(14)前記基端アクチュエータが、一方向クラッチを介して前記発射部材に結合された引き戻しレバーを含み、
前記電動アクチュエータが、前記一方向クラッチをロックして前記発射部材の先端側への移動を防止するように機能的に構成されていることを特徴とする実施態様(9)に記載の外科器具。
(15)前記ハンドルの前記基端アクチュエータが更に、前記上側ジョーを前記下側ジョーに向かって閉じるように機能的に構成されており、
前記基端アクチュエータが前進して前記上側ジョーが閉じないと、前記発射部材の先端側への移動が防止されるため、前記基端アクチュエータをロックして発射を防止できることを特徴とする実施態様(9)に記載の外科器具。
(16)前記基端アクチュエータが閉止ヨークを含むことを特徴とする実施態様(15)に記載の外科器具。
(17)更に、ステープル止め装置の発射機構を電気的にロックを解除するための手段を含むことを特徴とする実施態様(9)に記載の外科器具。
ハンドル部分に配置された電気活性ポリマー(EAP)遮断完全ロックアウト機構を含む外科用ステープル止め/切断器具の左前方からの斜視図である。 ハンドルハウジングの右半シェル部分が取り外されて閉止機構及び発射機構が露出されている図1のステープル止め/切断器具のハンドル部分の右後方からの斜視図である。 図1のステープル止め/切断器具のハンドル部分及び細長いシャフトの右後方からの組立分解斜視図である。 右半シェル及び実施部分の外側部分が取り外されて初期状態の閉止機構及び発射機構が露出された図1のステープル止め/切断器具の右側面図である。 手動引き戻し機構が取り外され、発射機構の自動引き戻しをトリガする連結ラックの先端リンクが露出され、閉止機構が閉じて閉止し、側爪発射機構が第1のストロークを完了した、図1のステープル止め/切断器具の右後方からの部分組立分解斜視図である。 図3のEAP発射ロックアウトを備えた発射側爪機構及び閉止ヨークから形成された連結ラック発射機構の右後方からの詳細な組立分解斜視図である。 EAPロックアウト機構が係合していない(電気的に作動していない)側爪発射組立体及び基端側に引き戻された連結ラックを示す、図6の連結ラック発射機構の右後方からの斜視図である。 発射トリガー及び破線で示されているバンパーばねを備えた爪ブロックが追加された、図7の側爪組立体の一部を含む連結ラック発射機構の右後方からの斜視図である。 爪ブロックの上にキックアウトブロックが更に追加された、図8の側爪組立体の一部を含む連結ラック発射機構の平面図である。 EAPロックアウト機構が作動し、連結ラックが右に移動して爪ブロック及びキックアウトブロックに係合した状態の図9の連結ラック発射機構の平面図である。 EAPロックアウト機構が作動して発射可能な状態の、側爪組立体、連結ラック、閉止ヨーク及びレール、及び発射トリガーを含む連結ラック発射機構の右後方からの斜視図である。 EAPロックアウト機構が作動していないため連結ラックの前進が防止されている、発射ストロークの後の図11の連結ラック発射機構の右後方から斜視図である。 閉止ヨークに進入してロックし、外科用ステープル止め/切断器具のエンドエフェクタの閉止、従って発射を防止するように整合したハンドルハウジングの左側に受容されたEAPアクチュエータを含む閉止EAPロックアウト機構の右側面図である。 ハンドルハウジングの右半シェルが取り外され、リラックスした閉止EAPアクチュエータにより閉止EAPロックアウト機構が閉止ヨークを基端側に固定し、外科用ステープル止め/切断器具の閉止及び発射を防止している閉止EAPアクチュエータを通る図13の線14‐14に沿って見たハンドルの断面図である。 EAPアクチュエータが作動して(横方向に引き戻されて)閉止ヨークが先端側に移動してアンビルが閉じられた図14のハンドルの断面図である。 発射行程の表示、発射機構の手動解除、図1の外科用ステープル止め/切断器具の手動引き戻しを提供する手動引き戻し機構の組立分解斜視図である。 図16の手動引き戻し機構の斜視図である。 取り外された引き戻しばね及び手動引き戻し機構を示すために部分的に分解された、図1の外科用ステープル止め/切断器具のハンドルの左側面図である。 手動引き戻し機構、連結されたラック、及び反支持機構を示すためにハンドルハウジングの左半シェルと閉止及び発射のための構成要素が取り外された、図1のハンドルの左側面図である。 手動引き戻しレバーが基端側に作動された図19の部分的に分解されたハンドルの詳細な左側面図である。 破線で示されている手動引き戻し機構と反支持解除レバーとの間の接触面と相互作用した、図20の部分的に分解されたハンドルの詳細な左側面図である。 作動していないロックされた状態で示されているEAPロックアウト機構を含む図1の外科用ステープル止め/切断器具の代替の手動引き戻し機構の右側面図である。 EAPロックアウト機構が作動してロックされていない、発射及び手動解除が可能な状態である図22の代替の手動引き戻し機構の右側面図である。 図1の外科用ステープル止め/切断器具に用いられる、作動していないロックされた状態の発射トリガーEAPロックアウト機構を示すために部分的に分解された代替のハンドルの一部の左側面図である。 作動していないロックされた状態であって、発射トリガーを押すことができる図24のEAPロックアウト機構の左側面図である。 図24のEAPロックアウト機構の後方からの斜視図である。 図24の代替の発射トリガーの上側部分の前方から斜視図である。 図27の代替の発射トリガーの上側部分の左側面図である。
符号の説明
10 外科ステープル止め/切断器具
12 ステープル止め組立体
14 アンビル
16 細長い溝
18 細長いシャフト
20 ハンドル
22 実施部分
24 閉止チューブ
26 閉止トリガー
28 フレーム
30 回動ノブ
32 発射ロッド
34 発射トリガー
36 ピストルグリップ
38 閉止解除ボタン
40、41 インジケータホイール
42、42’ 手動引き戻しレバー
131 結合スライドチューブ
150 連結ラック発射機構
154 ハンドルハウジング
156 右半シェル
158 左半シェル
159 ガイドポスト
160 閉止トリガー上側部分
162 閉止ヨーク
164 閉止リンク
174 圧縮ばね
184 引張り/圧縮・組合せばね
192 スチールバンド
196a‐196d リンク
200 連結ラック
201 バンパーばね
203 湾曲スロット
207 EAPブロックアクチュエータ
209 水平スロット
220 前部遊び歯車
230 後部遊び歯車
231 ラチェット歯車
246 閉止トリガー引張りばね
248 反支持解除レバー
256 反支持ヨーク
264 圧縮ばね
266 反支持プレート
269 開口
270 爪スライド
276 閉止ヨークレール
277 ラック溝カバー
278 圧縮ばね
280 フック
282 傾斜右側トラック
284 傾斜面
285 側爪組立体
318 爪ブロック
324 キックアウトブロック
330 爪ばね
334 リップ
336 リッジ
500 手動引き戻し機構
502 歯車機構
506、506’ ハブ
516 固定爪
519 EAPロック部材
521 ロックプランジャー
522 L型ばねタブ
524 ホールドアップ構造
530 右側湾曲リッジ
550、550’ EAPロックアウト機構
610 外科用ステープル止め/切断器具
612 EAPアクチュエータ
614 凹部
654 ハンドルハウジング
658 左半シェル
659 閉止ヨークガイドポスト
669 矩形開口
800 EAPロック機構
802 固定リッジ
822 EAPロックアクチュエータ
834 発射トリガー
855 EAP部材
861 アクチュエータピストン
863 圧縮ばね
865 先端部
867 凹面

Claims (13)

  1. 外科器具であって、
    細長いシャフトと、
    運動のために前記細長いシャフト内に受容された制御部材と、
    前記制御部材から受け取った制御運動に応答して作動するように機能的に構成されたエンドエフェクタと、
    前記細長いシャフトの基端側に取り付けられた、外科的開口部を介して前記エンドエフェクタを配置するためのハンドルと、
    運動のために前記ハンドルに取り付けられ前記制御部材に結合された、使用者の入力に対して前記制御運動を起こすべく第1の位置から第2の位置に移動するように機能的に構成された制御アクチュエータであって、端部にリッジを備えたトリガーを含む、制御アクチュエータと、
    イネーブル信号を生成するために機能的に構成された制御回路と、
    前記第2の位置に移動するのを防止するために前記第1の位置で前記制御アクチュエータに接触してロックされるように付勢され、前記イネーブル信号に応答して前記制御アクチュエータからロック解除されるように付勢された電動アクチュエータと
    を含み、
    前記電動アクチュエータが、膨張すると前記リッジに係合し、収縮すると前記リッジから係合解除される、前記ハンドル内に付勢された細長い部材を含む、外科器具。
  2. 前記電動アクチュエータが電気活性ポリマー(EAP)アクチュエータである、請求項1に記載の外科器具。
  3. 前記細長い部材が、前記リッジに係合するようにばね付勢されている、請求項1に記載の外科器具。
  4. 前記細長い部材が、電気活性ポリマーを含む請求項に記載の外科器具。
  5. 前記細長い部材は、前記ハンドル内に形成されたガイド凹部によって長さ方向に移動できるように拘束されている、請求項1に記載の外科器具。
  6. 前記電動アクチュエータが、アクチュエータピストンを更に含み、
    前記細長い部材は、前記ガイド凹部に保持された固定端部と、前記アクチュエータピストンに保持された移動端部とを有する、請求項5に記載の外科器具。
  7. 前記電動アクチュエータが、圧縮ばねを更に含み、前記圧縮ばねは、前記ガイド凹部に当接した一端部と、前記アクチュエータピストンに当接した他端部とを有する、請求項6に記載の外科器具。
  8. 前記電動アクチュエータが、前記トリガーのリッジに近接した凹面に一致するように前記アクチュエータピストンの端部に取り付けられている硬い先端部を更に含む、請求項7に記載の外科器具。
  9. 前記制御アクチュエータが更にラックを含み、
    前記外科用器具が更に、ラチェット機構によって前記ラックに結合された手動引き戻しレバーを含み、
    前記電動アクチュエータが更にラチェット動作を防止する爪ロックを含む請求項1に記載の外科器具。
  10. 前記エンドエフェクタが、回動可能な対向したジョーを含
    前記制御アクチュエータが、前記エンドエフェクタを閉じるための閉止トリガーを更に含む、請求項1〜9のいずれかに記載の外科器具。
  11. 前記回動可能な対向したジョーが、前記細長いシャフトに連結された下側ジョー及び回動可能に取り付けられた上側ジョーを含み、
    前記制御部材が閉止チューブを含み、
    前記制御アクチュエータが、前記閉止チューブを移動させるために結合された閉止ヨークを含み、
    前記電動アクチュエータが、前記閉止ヨークの先端側への移動を選択的に可能にするように機能的に構成されているロック部材を更に含む、請求項10に記載の外科器具。
  12. 前記下側ジョー内に受容されたステープルカートリッジを更に含み
    前記制御部材が、前記ステープルカートリッジを横切るように位置する切断面を先端側に備えた、前記細長いシャフトに受容された発射部材を更に含む、請求項11に記載の外科器具。
  13. 前記リッジを備えたトリガーが発射トリガーである、請求項12に記載の外科器具。
JP2005217080A 2004-07-28 2005-07-27 Eap遮断ロックアウト機構を含む外科医器具 Expired - Fee Related JP4902973B2 (ja)

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