JP4780949B2 - 重合触媒系、それらの使用、それらの生成物、及びそれらの製品 - Google Patents
重合触媒系、それらの使用、それらの生成物、及びそれらの製品 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4780949B2 JP4780949B2 JP2004334177A JP2004334177A JP4780949B2 JP 4780949 B2 JP4780949 B2 JP 4780949B2 JP 2004334177 A JP2004334177 A JP 2004334177A JP 2004334177 A JP2004334177 A JP 2004334177A JP 4780949 B2 JP4780949 B2 JP 4780949B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- ethylene
- catalyst
- ethylene copolymer
- hafnium
- metallocene
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000002685 polymerization catalyst Substances 0.000 title description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 134
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 52
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 45
- -1 hafnium transition metal Chemical class 0.000 claims description 42
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 41
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 37
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 37
- 229920001038 ethylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 28
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000012968 metallocene catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- GNNOWEKPHTXEKC-UHFFFAOYSA-L [Cl-].[Cl-].C(CC)C1(C=CC=C1)[Hf+2]C1(C=CC=C1)CCC Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].C(CC)C1(C=CC=C1)[Hf+2]C1(C=CC=C1)CCC GNNOWEKPHTXEKC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- KUNZSLJMPCDOGI-UHFFFAOYSA-L [Cl-].[Cl-].[Hf+2] Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Hf+2] KUNZSLJMPCDOGI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012685 gas phase polymerization Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- KGXMPZTTYYWLMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L [Cl-].[Cl-].C(CCCC)C1(C=CC=C1)[Hf+2]C1(C=CC=C1)CCCCC Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].C(CCCC)C1(C=CC=C1)[Hf+2]C1(C=CC=C1)CCCCC KGXMPZTTYYWLMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 claims 7
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 claims 7
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims 1
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 99
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 64
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 53
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 50
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 44
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 44
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 42
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 42
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 39
- AQZWEFBJYQSQEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyloxaluminane Chemical compound C[Al]1CCCCO1 AQZWEFBJYQSQEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 31
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 26
- 229920000092 linear low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 25
- 239000004707 linear low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 25
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 22
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 22
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 21
- 125000000058 cyclopentadienyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC1)* 0.000 description 20
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 18
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 16
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 16
- ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N endo-cyclopentadiene Natural products C1C=CC=C1 ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 12
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 11
- LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexene Chemical compound CCCCC=C LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- NDLNTMNRNCENRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-hydroxyethyl(octadecyl)amino]ethanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN(CCO)CCO NDLNTMNRNCENRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical group [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 9
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 9
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 8
- ZMMRKRFMSDTOLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopenta-1,3-diene zirconium Chemical compound [Zr].C1C=CC=C1.C1C=CC=C1 ZMMRKRFMSDTOLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000003623 transition metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002216 antistatic agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000006659 (C1-C20) hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- YBYIRNPNPLQARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-indene Natural products C1=CC=C2CC=CC2=C1 YBYIRNPNPLQARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000089 Cyclic olefin copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000003454 indenyl group Chemical group C1(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 3
- 229910052809 inorganic oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002738 metalloids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZOICEQJZAWJHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl)boron Chemical compound [B]C1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1F ZOICEQJZAWJHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WSSSPWUEQFSQQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-1-pentene Chemical compound CC(C)CC=C WSSSPWUEQFSQQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=C1 YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910007926 ZrCl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- IQTGDGZBSKVCKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L [Cl-].[Cl-].CCCCC1([Hf++]C2(CCCC)C=CC=C2)C=CC=C1 Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].CCCCC1([Hf++]C2(CCCC)C=CC=C2)C=CC=C1 IQTGDGZBSKVCKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000001118 alkylidene group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000006165 cyclic alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- LPIQUOYDBNQMRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentene Chemical compound C1CC=CC1 LPIQUOYDBNQMRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003983 fluorenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3CC12)* 0.000 description 2
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutane Chemical compound CC(C)C NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052752 metalloid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- SJYNFBVQFBRSIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N norbornadiene Chemical compound C1=CC2C=CC1C2 SJYNFBVQFBRSIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Pd].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
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- YWWDBCBWQNCYNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylphosphine Chemical compound CP(C)C YWWDBCBWQNCYNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- DUNKXUFBGCUVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-J zirconium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Zr](Cl)(Cl)Cl DUNKXUFBGCUVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 2
- AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-decene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC=C AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IZYHZMFAUFITLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-2,4-difluorobenzene Chemical compound FC1=CC=C(C=C)C(F)=C1 IZYHZMFAUFITLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- STWBNOBMOCQPLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-bromo-n-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)acetamide Chemical compound OC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1NC(=O)CBr STWBNOBMOCQPLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CYXWZTKRUQZGBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-cyano-n-(3-ethoxypropyl)acetamide Chemical compound CCOCCCNC(=O)CC#N CYXWZTKRUQZGBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BIWMTZFBEKUXAV-UHFFFAOYSA-L CCCCC1=CC(C=C1)[Hf](Cl)(Cl)(C1C=CC(CCCC)=C1)[SiH](C)C Chemical compound CCCCC1=CC(C=C1)[Hf](Cl)(Cl)(C1C=CC(CCCC)=C1)[SiH](C)C BIWMTZFBEKUXAV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002879 Lewis base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920010126 Linear Low Density Polyethylene (LLDPE) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCN HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OEYIOHPDSNJKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N choline Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CCO OEYIOHPDSNJKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001231 choline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001924 cycloalkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001983 dialkylethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- YNLAOSYQHBDIKW-UHFFFAOYSA-M diethylaluminium chloride Chemical compound CC[Al](Cl)CC YNLAOSYQHBDIKW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HQQADJVZYDDRJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene;prop-1-ene Chemical group C=C.CC=C HQQADJVZYDDRJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 235000013611 frozen food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002362 hafnium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PDPJQWYGJJBYLF-UHFFFAOYSA-J hafnium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Hf](Cl)(Cl)Cl PDPJQWYGJJBYLF-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001504 inorganic chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001905 inorganic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001282 iso-butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007527 lewis bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013178 mathematical model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- JFNLZVQOOSMTJK-KNVOCYPGSA-N norbornene Chemical compound C1[C@@H]2CC[C@H]1C=C2 JFNLZVQOOSMTJK-KNVOCYPGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000269 nucleophilic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001181 organosilyl group Chemical group [SiH3]* 0.000 description 1
- MUJIDPITZJWBSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium(2+) Chemical compound [Pd+2] MUJIDPITZJWBSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentamethylene Natural products C1CCCC1 RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentene Chemical compound CCCC=C YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004291 polyenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003053 polystyrene-divinylbenzene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000004032 porphyrins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001175 rotational moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006300 shrink film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- SCPYDCQAZCOKTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silanol Chemical compound [SiH3]O SCPYDCQAZCOKTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005353 silylalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000011888 snacks Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- YMBCJWGVCUEGHA-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylammonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC YMBCJWGVCUEGHA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003573 thiols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylamine Chemical compound CCCCN(CCCC)CCCC IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VOITXYVAKOUIBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylaluminium Chemical compound CC[Al](CC)CC VOITXYVAKOUIBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ORYGRKHDLWYTKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trihexylalumane Chemical compound CCCCCC[Al](CCCCCC)CCCCCC ORYGRKHDLWYTKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MCULRUJILOGHCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triisobutylaluminium Chemical compound CC(C)C[Al](CC(C)C)CC(C)C MCULRUJILOGHCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLTRXTDYQLMHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylaluminium Chemical compound C[Al](C)C JLTRXTDYQLMHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F210/00—Copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C08F210/16—Copolymers of ethene with alpha-alkenes, e.g. EP rubbers
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
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-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F210/00—Copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C08F210/14—Monomers containing five or more carbon atoms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
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- C08F2410/00—Features related to the catalyst preparation, the catalyst use or to the deactivation of the catalyst
- C08F2410/01—Additive used together with the catalyst, excluding compounds containing Al or B
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
- C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
- C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
- C08F4/60—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
- C08F4/62—Refractory metals or compounds thereof
- C08F4/64—Titanium, zirconium, hafnium or compounds thereof
- C08F4/659—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond
- C08F4/65904—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond in combination with another component of C08F4/64
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
- C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
- C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
- C08F4/60—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
- C08F4/62—Refractory metals or compounds thereof
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- C08F4/65912—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond in combination with an organoaluminium compound
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- C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
- C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
- C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
- C08F4/60—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
- C08F4/62—Refractory metals or compounds thereof
- C08F4/64—Titanium, zirconium, hafnium or compounds thereof
- C08F4/659—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond
- C08F4/65916—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond supported on a carrier, e.g. silica, MgCl2, polymer
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- C08J2323/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
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- C08J2323/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y10S526/00—Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 series
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- Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
Description
序論
本発明は、1種以上のオレフィンを重合するためのハフニウム遷移金属メタロセン型触媒系に関する。驚くべきことに、ハフノセンのシクロペンタジエニルから誘導された配位子又は部分を適切に置換することによって改善された触媒系がもたらされることが判明した。予想外にも、嵩高な配位子又は部分上の置換基が、3個以上の非水素原子、より好ましくは3個以上の炭素原子、を有する置換基、好ましくはアルキル置換基、例えば、n−プロピル又はn−ブチル基である場合、ハフノセンメタロセン型触媒系の触媒活性が実質的に改善される。十分に商業的に許容可能な活性に加えて、本発明のハフノセン触媒系は、同じ又は同様な重合条件において、そのジルコノセン対応物と比較してより高い分子量を有するポリマーを製造する。本発明の置換されたハフノセンが、実質的に同じ分子量において、そのジルコノセン対応物よりも低い密度のポリマー生成物を製造する傾向を有することは、驚きであった。
本発明の好ましいメタロセン触媒は、例えば、典型的には、式(I):
{[(Lp)mM(Aq)n]+k}h[B’−j]i
によって表される嵩高な配位子の遷移金属錯体であり、式中、LはMに結合した置換された嵩高な配位子であり、pはLのアニオン性電荷であり、mはL配位子の数であり、そしてmは1、2、又は3であり;少なくとも1つのLは、3個以上の非水素原子、好ましくは3個以上の炭素原子又は珪素原子又はそれらの組合わせ、を有する少なくとも1つの置換基で置換され;Aは、Mに結合した配位子であり、そしてM−A結合の間にオレフィンを挿入させることができ、qはAのアニオン性電荷であり、nはA配位子の数であり、そしてnは1、2、3、又は4であり、Mは、95モル%以上がハフニウム(Hf)、好ましくは97モル%より多くがハフニウム(Hf)、より好ましくは98モル%より多くがHf、そして最も好ましくは99モル%より多く乃至100モル%未満がHfの範囲内の遷移金属であり、そして(p×m)+(q×n)+kは金属中心の形式酸化状態に相当し;ここでkはカチオン上の電荷であり、そしてkは1、2、3、又は4であり、そしてB’は化学的に安定な非求核性アニオン性錯体であり、好ましくは4オングストローム以上の分子直径を有するものであり、そしてjはB’上のアニオン性電荷であり、hは電荷kのカチオンの数であり、そしてiは、h×k=j×iとなるような電荷jのアニオンの数である。
(Lp)mM(Aq)n(Er)o
によって表されるハフノセン触媒化合物[式中、Lは、3個以上の非水素原子、好ましくは3個以上の炭素原子、を有する少なくとも1つの置換基、好ましくは3個以上の炭素原子を有するアルキル置換基、さらに好ましくは3個以上の炭素原子を有する線状アルキル置換基で置換された嵩高な配位子であり、MはHfであり、A、及びp、m、q及びnは上で定義した通りであり、そしてEは、ヒドロカルビル、ヒドリド、ハリド、又はそれらの組合わせ又はその他のアニオン性配位子のような(但し、これらに限定されない)アニオン性脱離基であり;rはEのアニオン性電荷であり、oはE配位子の数であり、そしてoは、(p×m)+(q×n)+(r×o)が金属中心の形式酸化状態に等しくなるような1、2、3、又は4の数である]、及びアルキルアルミニウム、アルモキサン、改質されたアルモキサン、又はその他のオキシ含有有機金属化合物、又は非配位性イオン性活性剤、又はそれらの組合わせから形成される。
(C5H5−d−fR”d)eR”’fMQg−e
によって表され、式中、MはHf遷移金属であり、(C5H5−d−fR”d)はMに結合した未置換の又は置換されたシクロペンタジエニル配位子であり、ここで、少なくとも1つの(C5H5−d−fR”d)は、3個以上の炭素原子を有するアルキル置換基であるR”を少なくとも1つ有し、同じでも異なっていてもよい各々の追加のR”は、水素又は1〜30個の炭素原子を有する置換された又は未置換のヒドロカルビル、又はそれらの組合わせであり、或いは2つ以上の炭素原子が一緒になって4〜30個の炭素原子を有する置換された又は未置換の環又は環系の一部を形成し、R”’は、2つの(C5H5−d−fR”d)環を架橋するか又は1つの(C5H5−d−fR”d)とMを架橋する、炭素、ゲルマニウム、珪素、リン、又は窒素原子の1つ以上又はそれらの組合わせを含有する基であり;同じでも異なっていてもよい各々のQは、ヒドリド、1〜30個の炭素原子を有する置換された又は未置換のヒドロカルビル、ハロゲン、アルコキシド、アリールオキシド、アミド、ホスフィド、又はその他の任意の一価のアニオン性配位子又はそれらの組合わせであり;また、2つのQは一緒にアルキリデン配位子又は環状金属化ヒドロカルビル配位子又はその他の二価のアニオン性キレート化配位子を形成し、ここで、gはMの形式酸化状態に相当する整数であり、dは0、1、2、3、4、又は5であり、fは0又は1であり、そしてeは1、2、又は3である。
(JR’z−1−y)は、ヘテロ原子配位子であって、Jは元素の周期表の第15族からの3の配位数を有する元素であるか又は第16族からの2の配位数を有する元素、好ましくは窒素、リン、酸素、又は硫黄であり、窒素が好ましく、そして各々のR’は、独立して、C1〜C20ヒドロカルビル基であって1つ以上の水素原子がハロゲン原子によって置換されているものから成る群から選択される基であり、yは0又は1であり、そしてzは元素Jの配位数であり;
各々のQは、独立して、ハロゲン、ヒドリド、又は置換された又は未置換のC1〜C30ヒドロカルビル、アルコキシド、アリールオキシド、アミド、又はホスフィドのような一価のアニオン性配位子であるが、2つのQがアルキリデン、環状金属化ヒドロカルビル、又はその他の二価のアニオン性キレート化配位子でもよく;
Aは、第15又は14族の元素を含む共有結合架橋基であって、ジアルキル、アルキルアリール、又はジアリール珪素又はゲルマニウム基、アルキル又はアリールホスフィン又はアミン基、又はメチレン、エチレンなどのようなヒドロカルビル基のようなものであるが、これらに限定されず;
L’は、ジエチルエーテル、テトラエチルアンモニウムクロリド、テトラヒドロフラン、ジメチルアニリン、アニリン、トリメチルホスフィン、n−ブチルアミンなどのようなルイス塩基であり;及びwは0〜3の数である。さらに、L’は、R、R’、又はQのいずれかに結合されてもよい。
本発明の置換された嵩高な配位子のハフニウム遷移金属メタロセン型触媒化合物及び触媒系は、任意の重合方法において、モノマー、及び所望により1種以上のコモノマーを重合するのに適しており、溶液相、気相又はスラリー相法、最も好ましくは気相又はスラリー相法が使用される。
一般に、ポリマーを製造するための気体流動床プロセスにおいては、1種以上のモノマーを含む気体状流れが、反応性条件下触媒の存在下の流動床を通して連続的に循環される。気体状流れは流動床から引き出されて、再循環されて反応器に戻される。同時に、ポリマー生成物が反応器から引き出されて、新鮮なモノマーが重合されたモノマーに置き換わるために添加される。反応器の圧力は、約100psig(680kPag)から約500psig(3448kPag)まで変化することができ、好ましくは約200psig(1379kPag)から約400psig(2759kPag)までの範囲内、より好ましくは約250psig(1724kPag)から約350psig(2414kPag)までの範囲内である。反応器の温度は、約60℃から約120℃まで変化することができ、好ましくは約60℃から約115℃まで、より好ましくは約70℃から110℃までの範囲内、そして最も好ましくは約70℃から95℃までの範囲内である。本発明の方法によって製造されるポリマーについての沈降嵩密度(settled bulk density)は、約10〜35 lb/ft3(160〜561 kg/m3)の範囲内であり、好ましくは約12〜35 lb/ft3(193〜561 kg/m3)の範囲内であり、より好ましくは約14〜32 lb/ft3(224〜513 kg/m3)の範囲内であり、そして最も好ましくは約15〜30 lb/ft3(240〜481 kg/m3)の範囲内である。
本発明によって製造されたポリマーは、広範囲の様々な生成物及び末端用途において使用することができる。これらのポリマーは、典型的には、0.86g/cc〜0.97g/ccの範囲内、好ましくは0.88g/cc〜0.965g/ccの範囲内、より好ましくは0.900g/cc〜0.96g/ccの範囲内、さらに好ましくは0.905g/cc〜0.95g/ccの範囲内、さらに好ましくは0.910g/cc〜0.940g/ccの範囲内、そして最も好ましくは0.910g/ccより高い、好ましくは0.915g/ccより高い、密度を有する。本発明のポリマーは、典型的には、1.5より大から約4、特に2より大から約3、より好ましくは約2.2より大から3未満の、狭い分子量分布、即ち、重量平均分子量の数平均分子量に対する比(Mw/Mn)を有する。また、本発明のポリマーは、典型的には狭い組成分布も有する。もう1つの態様において、本発明の方法、特にスラリー及び気相法、によって製造されたポリマーは、5ppm未満のハフニウム、一般的には2ppm未満のハフニウム、好ましくは1.5ppm未満のハフニウム、より好ましくは1ppm未満のハフニウムを含む。1つの態様において、本発明のポリマーは、約0.01ppm〜約2ppmの範囲内のハフニウム、好ましくは約0.01ppm〜約1.5ppmの範囲内のハフニウム、より好ましくは約0.01ppmから1ppm以下の範囲内のハフニウムを含む。
blown)繊維操作を含む。押出し品は、医療用チューブ、ワイヤー及びケーブル被覆、地盤用膜(geomembranes)、及び貯水池ライナーを含む。成形品は、ビン、タンク、大型中空品、堅い食品容器、及び玩具その他の形態の単層又は多層の構造物を含む。
触媒の調製
メチルアルモキサンとメタロセンの溶液を、バイアル中の0.202gのビス(n−プロピルシクロペンタジエニル)ハフニウムジクロリドにトルエン中の30重量%MAO溶液の11cm3を添加することによって、形成した。40cm3の新しいトルエンを添加して、混合物を25℃で1時間攪拌した。MAOとメタロセンのこの予備混合溶液を、その後、600℃で乾燥されたDavison 948シリカの10gに添加した。得られたスラリーを25℃で1.5時間攪拌した。最終触媒を減圧下65℃でさらさらの粉末になるまで乾燥した。
上記の実施例1において形成された乾燥触媒のサンプルを、その後、85℃の2リットル半回分式気相反応器中のエチレン/1−ブテンの重合プロセスにおいて使用した。約155psig(1069kPa)の反応器中の圧力を、重合による圧力変化を補うためにエチレン中5モル%の1−ブテンを連続的に供給することによって、一定に保持した。1時間後、形成したポリマーをシード床(seed bed)材料から分離し、以下の表1に示す分子特性に関し試験1及び2として分析した。
触媒の調製
メチルアルモキサンとメタロセンの溶液を、バイアル中の1.21gのビス(n−プロピルシクロペンタジエニル)ハフニウムジクロリドにトルエン中の30重量%MAO溶液の66.5cm3を添加することによって、形成した。50cm3の新しいトルエンを添加して、混合物を25℃で1.5時間攪拌した。MAOとメタロセンのこの予備混合溶液を、その後、600℃で乾燥されたDavison 948シリカの60gに添加した。得られたスラリーを25℃で1.5時間攪拌した。その後、50cm3のトルエン中0.41gのN,N−ビス(2−ヒドロキシエチル)オクタデシルアミンの溶液を添加し、攪拌をさらに30分間続けた。最終触媒を減圧下65℃でさらさらの粉末になるまで乾燥した。
実施例2において形成された乾燥触媒のサンプルを、その後、85℃の2リットル半回分式気相反応器中のエチレン/1−ブテンの重合プロセスにおいて使用した。約158psig(1089kPa)の反応器中の圧力を、重合による圧力変化を補うためにエチレン中5モル%の1−ブテンを連続的に供給することによって、一定に保持した。1時間後、形成したポリマーをシード床材料から分離し、以下の表1に試験3として示すように分子特性に関し分析した。
触媒の調製
メチルアルモキサン(MAO)(トルエン中の30重量%MAO溶液の1155cm3)を2ガロンの反応容器に入れた。1970cm3の新しいトルエンを添加した。その後、355cm3のトルエン中20.2gのビス(n−プロピルシクロペンタジエニル)ハフニウムジクロリドの溶液を添加した。温度を27℃に維持し、混合物を1.5時間攪拌した。600℃で脱水されたDavison 948シリカの1000gを27℃で2ガロンの反応容器に入れた。上記のメチルアルモキサンとメタロセンの溶液を2つの等しい部分に分けてシリカに添加した。その後、追加の250cm3のトルエンをスラリーに添加した。1時間後、70cm3のトルエン中6.7gのN,N−ビス(2−ヒドロキシエチル)オクタデシルアミンの溶液を添加し、攪拌をさらに20分間続けた。最終触媒を減圧下68℃でさらさらの粉末になるまで乾燥した。
実施例3において形成された乾燥触媒の複数のサンプルの各々を、その後、85℃の2リットル半回分式気相反応器中のエチレン/1−ブテンの重合プロセスにおいて使用した。約158psig(1089kPa)の反応器中の圧力を、重合による圧力変化を補うためにエチレン中5モル%の1−ブテンを連続的に供給することによって、一定に保持した。1時間後、形成したポリマーをシード床材料から分離し、以下の表1に試験4〜6として示すように分子特性に関し分析した。
触媒の調製
メチルアルモキサンとメタロセンの溶液を、バイアル中の0.536gのビス(n−ブチルシクロペンタジエニル)ハフニウムジクロリドにトルエン中の30重量%MAO溶液の27.8cm3を添加することによって、形成した。60cm3の新しいトルエンを添加して、混合物を25℃で1.5時間攪拌した。MAOとメタロセンのこの予備混合溶液を、その後、600℃で乾燥されたDavison 948シリカの25gに添加した。得られたスラリーを25℃で1.5時間攪拌した。その後、40cm3のトルエン中0.166gのN,N−ビス(2−ヒドロキシエチル)オクタデシルアミンの溶液を添加し、攪拌をさらに30分間続けた。最終触媒を減圧下65℃でさらさらの粉末になるまで乾燥した。
実施例4において形成された乾燥触媒の複数のサンプルを各々、その後、85℃の2リットル半回分式気相反応器中のエチレン/1−ブテンの重合プロセスにおいて使用した。約155psig(1069kPa)の反応器中の圧力を、重合による圧力変化を補うためにエチレン中5モル%の1−ブテンを連続的に供給することによって、一定に保持した。1時間後、形成したポリマーをシード床材料から分離し、以下の表1に試験7〜9として示すように分子特性に関し分析した。
触媒の調製
メチルアルモキサンとメタロセンの溶液を、バイアル中の0.413gのビス(シクロペンタジエニル)ハフニウムジクロリドにトルエン中の30重量%MAO溶液の27.7cm3を添加することによって、形成した。50cm3の新しいトルエンを添加して、混合物を25℃で1.5時間攪拌した。MAOとメタロセンのこの予備混合溶液を、その後、600℃で乾燥されたDavison 948シリカの25gに添加した。得られたスラリーを25℃で1.5時間攪拌した。その後、40cm3のトルエン中0.166gのN,N−ビス(2−ヒドロキシエチル)オクタデシルアミンの溶液を添加し、攪拌をさらに30分間続けた。最終触媒を減圧下65℃でさらさらの粉末になるまで乾燥した。
比較例5において形成された乾燥触媒の複数のサンプルを各々、その後、85℃の2リットル半回分式気相反応器中のエチレン/1−ブテンの重合プロセスにおいて使用した。約158psig(1089kPa)の反応器中の圧力を、重合による圧力変化を補うためにエチレン中5モル%の1−ブテンを連続的に供給することによって、一定に保持した。1時間後、形成したポリマーをシード床材料から分離し、以下の表1に試験C1及びC2として示すように分子特性に関し分析した。
触媒の調製
メチルアルモキサンとメタロセンの溶液を、バイアル中の0.444gのビス(メチルシクロペンタジエニル)ハフニウムジクロリドにトルエン中の30重量%MAO溶液の27.8cm3を添加することによって、形成した。60cm3の新しいトルエンを添加して、混合物を25℃で1.5時間攪拌した。MAOとメタロセンのこの予備混合溶液を、その後、600℃で乾燥されたDavison 948シリカの25gに添加した。得られたスラリーを25℃で1.5時間攪拌した。その後、50cm3のトルエン中0.169gのN,N−ビス(2−ヒドロキシエチル)オクタデシルアミンの溶液を添加し、攪拌をさらに30分間続けた。最終触媒を減圧下65℃でさらさらの粉末になるまで乾燥した。
比較例6において形成された乾燥触媒のサンプルを、その後、85℃の2リットル半回分式気相反応器中のエチレン/1−ブテンの重合プロセスにおいて使用した。約154psig(1062kPa)の反応器中の圧力を、重合による圧力変化を補うためにエチレン中5モル%の1−ブテンを連続的に供給することによって、一定に保持した。1時間後、形成したポリマーをシード床材料から分離し、以下の表1に試験C3として示すように分子特性に関し分析した。
触媒の調製
メチルアルモキサンとメタロセンの溶液を、バイアル中の0.475gのビス(エチルシクロペンタジエニル)ハフニウムジクロリドにトルエン中の30重量%MAO溶液の27.8cm3を添加することによって、形成した。60cm3の新しいトルエンを添加して、混合物を25℃で1.5時間攪拌した。MAOとメタロセンのこの予備混合溶液を、その後、600℃で乾燥されたDavison 948シリカの25gに添加した。得られたスラリーを25℃で1.5時間攪拌した。その後、50cm3のトルエン中0.167gのN,N−ビス(2−ヒドロキシエチル)オクタデシルアミンの溶液を添加し、攪拌をさらに30分間続けた。最終触媒を減圧下65℃でさらさらの粉末になるまで乾燥した。
比較例7において形成された乾燥触媒のサンプルを、その後、85℃の2リットル半回分式気相反応器中のエチレン/1−ブテンの重合プロセスにおいて使用した。約160psig(1103kPa)の反応器中の圧力を、重合による圧力変化を補うためにエチレン中5モル%の1−ブテンを連続的に供給することによって、一定に保持した。1時間後、形成したポリマーをシード床材料から分離し、以下の表1に試験C4として示すように分子特性に関し分析した。
触媒の調製
メチルアルモキサンとメタロセンの溶液を、バイアル中の0.585gのMe2Si(インデニル)2ハフニウムジクロリドにトルエン中の30重量%MAO溶液の28cm3を添加することによって、形成した。60cm3の新しいトルエンを添加して、混合物を25℃で1.5時間攪拌した。MAOとメタロセンのこの予備混合溶液を、その後、600℃で乾燥されたDavison 948シリカの25gに添加した。得られたスラリーを25℃で1.5時間攪拌した。その後、40cm3のトルエン中0.167gのN,N−ビス(2−ヒドロキシエチル)オクタデシルアミンの溶液を添加し、攪拌をさらに30分間続けた。最終触媒を減圧下65℃でさらさらの粉末になるまで乾燥した。
比較例8において形成された乾燥触媒の複数のサンプルを各々、その後、85℃の2リットル半回分式気相反応器中のエチレン/1−ブテンの重合プロセスにおいて使用した。約158psig(1089kPa)の反応器中の圧力を、重合による圧力変化を補うためにエチレン中5モル%の1−ブテンを連続的に供給することによって、一定に保持した。1時間後、形成したポリマーをシード床材料から分離し、以下の表1に試験C5〜C7として示すように分子特性に関し分析した。
触媒の調製
メチルアルモキサン(トルエン中の30重量%MAO溶液の1155cm3)を2ガロンの反応容器に入れた。1970cm3の新しいトルエンを添加した。その後、250cm3のトルエン中の20.17gのビス(n−プロピルシクロペンタジエニル)遷移金属ジクロリドの溶液であって、遷移金属が99.1モル%のHf(ハフノセン)及び0.9モル%のZr(ジルコノセン)を含むもの、を添加した。温度を27℃に維持し、混合物を1.5時間攪拌した。(600℃で脱水された)Crossfield 40/600Cシリカの998.8gを27℃で2ガロンの反応容器に入れた。上記のメチルアルモキサンとメタロセンの溶液を2つの等しい部分に分けてシリカに添加した。その後、追加の250cm3のトルエンをスラリーに添加した。1時間後、静電防止剤として、85cm3のトルエン中6.71gのN,N−ビス(2−ヒドロキシエチル)オクタデシルアミンの溶液を添加し、攪拌をさらに20分間続けた。最終触媒を12時間の乾燥時間の間減圧下さらさらの粉末になるまで乾燥した。理論固体(乾燥重量)回収量は1337gであり、実際の最終収量(乾燥重量)は1160.6gであり、87%の回収率であった。これらの固体の中で、11.11重量%はAlであり、Alの遷移金属に対するモル比は125であり、そして遷移金属装填量は、Hfが0.66重量%であり、Zrが0.003重量%であった。
実施例9において形成された乾燥触媒の複数のサンプルを、その後、表2に報告されている条件下、85℃のパイロットプラント半回分式気相反応器中のエチレン/1−ヘキセンの重合プロセスにおいて使用した。結果を以下の表2に報告する。
実施例9の表2の試験3−14及び3−15によって製造された多量のエチレンコポリマー樹脂生成物粒子を、その他の床のターンオーバー(turnovers)から取出された粒子と混合された床のターンオーバーから取出し、その後、酸化防止剤を添加して、押出し、ペレットになるように切断した。これらの樹脂のペレットを、フィルム製品に転化する前に、それらの分子特性に関して分析した。約2.9のMIを有する試験3−15の樹脂ペレットをフィルムにキャスト押出し、一方、約1のMIを有する試験3−14の樹脂ペレットをインフレート技術によってフィルムにした。
C32から同様にキャストされたフィルムと比較したが、これらはいずれも約3のMIを有するエチレンコポリマーである。同様に、比較の目的のために、約1のMIを有する試験3−14のエチレンコポリマー樹脂を、Dow ELITE(登録商標)5400及びExxon EXCEED(登録商標)350 D60から同様に製造されたインフレートフィルムと比較したが、これらはいずれも約1のMIを有するエチレンコポリマーである。
Claims (13)
- エチレンと3乃至20の炭素原子を有するアルファ-オレフィンとからなり、多峰性のCD、2.5乃至7のMw/Mn値、及び0.905乃至0.95g/ccの密度を有するエチレンコポリマーであって、温度上昇溶離分別(TREF)分析において、前記エチレンコポリマーが2つのピークを示すことを特徴とし、
前記エチレンコポリマーは気相反応器で製造され、
前記気相反応器においては、触媒システムの存在下においてオレフィンを重合するために気相重合法を使用しており、
前記触媒システムは、ハフニュウム遷移金属メタロセン型触媒化合物、活性剤、および担体から成るものであって、前記活性剤と前記ハフニュウム遷移金属メタロセン型触媒化合物を溶液中において予備混合した後に、担体に添加し、更にさらさらの粉末になるまで乾燥することによって形成され、
前記ハフニュウム遷移金属メタロセン型触媒化合物は、ビス(n−プロピルシクロペンタジエニル)ハフニウムジクロリド、ジメチル、又はジヒドリド; ビス(n−ペンチルシクロペンタジエニル)ハフニウムジクロリド又はジメチル; ビス(2−n−プロピルインデニル)ハフニウムジクロリド又はジメチル; ビス(1, 2−n−プロピル, メチルシクロペンタジエニル)ハフニウムジクロリド又はジメチル; (n−プロピルシクロペンタジエニル)(1, 3−n−プロピル、n−ブチルシクロペンタジエニル) ハフニウムジクロリド又はジメチルの群から選ばれたものである
ことを特徴とするエチレンコポリマー。 - 温度上昇溶離分別(TREF)分析において、45℃〜75℃の位置に低温ピークを示す、請求項1のエチレンコポリマー。
- 温度上昇溶離分別(TREF)分析において、65℃の位置に低温ピークを示す、請求項1のエチレンコポリマー。
- 温度上昇溶離分別(TREF)分析において、低温ピークと高温ピークの間のピーク間隔が、最少で20℃及び最大で35℃である、請求項1のエチレンコポリマー。
- 温度上昇溶離分別(TREF)分析において、前記エチレンコポリマーの10モル%〜90モル%の範囲の低温ピークを示す、請求項1のエチレンコポリマー。
- 温度上昇溶離分別(TREF)分析において、低温ピークが30モル%であり、及び高温ピークが70モル%である、請求項1のエチレンコポリマー。
- 15乃至100のI21/I2値を有する、請求項1のエチレンコポリマー。
- 少なくとも2のMz/Mw比を有する、請求項1のエチレンコポリマー。
- 請求項1乃至8のいずれか1のエチレンコポリマーから製造されるフィルム層。
- 温度上昇溶離分別(TREF)分析によって、エチレン−アルファ−オレフィンポリマーが、45〜75℃の領域内の低温ピーク(LTP)及び70〜95℃の領域内の高温ピーク(HTP)によって特徴付けられ、そしてLTPとHTPが20〜35℃離れている、請求項1のエチレン−アルファ−オレフィンポリマー。
- 請求項10のエチレン−アルファ−オレフィンポリマーを含むフィルム層。
- 前記エチレン−アルファ−オレフィンポリマーが2〜4のMIを有し、そしてキャストフィルム層として、前記フィルムが、100kPaより大きく145kPa未満の1%割線モジュラス、3.93g/μより大きく23.6g/μ未満の縦方向引裂強さ、3.93g/μより大きく39.3g/μ未満の横方向引裂強さ、3.93g/μより大きく55g/μ未満の10.23cm落槍値を有する、請求項11のフィルム層。
- 請求項1乃至8のいずれか1のエチレンコポリマーを製造するために、エチレンと3乃至20の炭素原子を有するアルファ−オレフィンを重合する方法であって、2以上のハフニウムメタロセン触媒化合物の混合物及び活性剤を含む触媒系と当該エチレンと当該アルファ−オレフィンとを混合する工程を含み、各ハフノセンが3個以上の炭素原子を有する少なくとも1の線状又はイソアルキル基で置換された少なくとも1の配位子を有する、当該方法。
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