JP4294735B2 - 心臓壁張力を低減する装置 - Google Patents

心臓壁張力を低減する装置 Download PDF

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JP4294735B2
JP4294735B2 JP53029298A JP53029298A JP4294735B2 JP 4294735 B2 JP4294735 B2 JP 4294735B2 JP 53029298 A JP53029298 A JP 53029298A JP 53029298 A JP53029298 A JP 53029298A JP 4294735 B2 JP4294735 B2 JP 4294735B2
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ジェイ.,ジュニア シュウェイク,シリル
ジェイ. モーティアー,トッド
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マイオコール,インコーポレイティド
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Description

【0001】
【技術分野】
本発明は弱った心臓を治療する装置の分野に関する。特に、本発明の装置は弱った心臓の壁応力を低減することを目的とする。
【0002】
【背景技術】
心不全症候群は多くの形態の心臓病が進行する一般的な経過である。心不全は心機能の異常のため心臓が代謝組織の要求に見合った速度で血液を循環させることができないか、又は異常に高い充満圧力でしか循環させることができない状態であると考えられる。心不全に至る多くの固有の疾患の進行があり、左心室の拡張といった弱った心臓の様々な病理生理学に帰結する。この形態の不全につながる病因には突発性心筋症、ウイルス性心筋症、及び虚血性心筋症が含まれる。
【0003】
心室拡張の進行は一般に、心筋への慢性的な容量過負荷又は特定の損傷の結果である。例えばスポーツ選手の心臓のような長期的に増大した心搏出量の要求にさらされている正常な心臓では、わずかな心室拡張及び筋細胞肥大の適応進行が存在する。こうして、心臓は増大した心搏出量の要求を十分に補償する。しかし、心筋の損傷又は慢性容量過負荷の場合、収縮する心筋に対する要求は補償された状態が達成されず心臓が拡張を続ける程度まで増大する。
【0004】
大きく拡張した左心室にまつわる基本的問題は拡張充満時と収縮時との両方で、壁の張力及び応力が著しく増大することである。正常な心臓では、筋肥大(厚くなること)と心室拡張との適応によって、収縮のため壁張力がかなり一定に維持される。しかし、弱った心臓では、進行する拡張が肥大よりも大きく、その結果収縮のための壁張力の要求が増大する。これは筋細胞への障害の進行と考えられ、その結果さらに筋が損傷を受ける。壁応力の増大は拡張充満についても言える。さらに、心搏出量の不足のため、いくつかの生理的機構からの心室充満圧は一般に上昇する。さらに、拡張期には直径及び圧力がどちらも正常値以上に増大し、どちらも壁応力レベルを高める一因となる。拡張期の壁応力の増大は心拡張の進行の主要な誘因と考えられる。
【0005】
心不全に対する従来技術の治療は三つの一般的なカテゴリーに分けられる。第1は薬理学的なもの、例えば利尿剤である。第2は補助システム、例えばポンプである。さらに、外科的治療が実験されており、これは以下より詳細に説明する。
【0006】
薬理学的治療に関しては利尿剤が使用され、血液の量及び予圧を下げることで心臓の作業負荷を低減している。臨床的には予圧は左心室拡張終期圧(LVEDP)又は左心室拡張終期容積(LVEDV)を含む様々な方法で定義される。生理学的には好適な定義は拡張終期の筋節の伸びの長さである。利尿剤は鬱血性心不全患者に予圧の増大した状態を作り出す過剰な細胞液を減少させる。硝酸塩、細動脈血管拡張神経剤、アンジオテンシン転換酵素阻害剤が使用され、後負荷の低減による心臓作業負荷の低減を通じて心不全を治療している。後負荷は駆出時に心室の壁で必要とされる張力又は応力として定義される。ジゴキシンのような強心剤は強心配糖体であり、心筋収縮の力及び速度を増大することで心搏出量を増大する役目を果たす。こうした薬物療法はある程度有益な効果を提供するが、疾患の進行を止めるものではない。
【0007】
補助装置には機械式ポンプ及び電気式刺激器が含まれる。機械式ポンプは心臓が通常行うポンプ機能のすべて又は一部を行うことで心臓への負荷を低減する。現在、機械式ポンプは患者のために移植用のドナーの心臓が入手できるまで患者を維持するために使用される。拡張型心筋症の患者を治療するため、両心室ペーシングのような電気式刺激が研究されてきている。
【0008】
心不全治療のために、1)心移植、2)動的心筋形成術、3)バティスタ(Batista)左室部分切除術という、少なくとも三つの外科的処置がある。心移植は臓器の利用可能性が制限されていることと、心移植後に必要となる免疫抑制療法の有害な影響とを含む重大な制限を有する。心筋形成術には心臓を骨格筋で包み、その筋を電気的に刺激し心臓と同期して収縮させ、心臓のポンプ機能を助けることが含まれる。バティスタ左室部分切除術には筋肉の壁の一部を切除することで外科的に左心室を再建することが含まれる。この処置によって拡張した心臓の直径が減少し、ひいては心臓の負荷が軽減される。しかし、この非常に侵入性のある処置は心臓の筋質量を減少させる。
【0009】
【発明の開示】
本発明は弱った心臓を治療する非薬理学的受動装置及び方法に関する。本発明の装置は心臓壁の張力を低減するよう構成されている。本発明の装置は弱った心臓のエネルギ消費量を低減し、等容収縮を減少させ、収縮時の筋節の短縮を増大し、等張短縮を増大することで拍出量を増大するので、弱った心臓の疾患の進行を逆転、停止又は遅らせると考えられている。本発明の装置は拡張期と収縮期との両方で壁張力を低減する。
【0010】
一実施形態において、本発明の装置には心の少なくとも二つの壁を互いの方向に引っ張り、少なくとも一つの断面で心の半径又は面積を減少させる引っ張り部材が含まれる。引っ張り部材はその両端に配置されて心臓又はの壁と係合するアンカ部材を有する。
【0011】
別の実施形態では、本発明の装置には心腔の少なくとも二つの壁を互いの方向に引っ張る圧縮部材が含まれる。参考形態において、圧縮部材にはバルーンが含まれる。別の参考では圧縮部材を支持する枠が提供される。
【0012】
また別の参考形態には、互いの方向に付勢された二つの端部を有し、心腔の少なくとも二つの壁を互いの方向に引っ張るクランプが含まれる。このクランプには少なくとも二つの端部が含まれ、これら端部はその上に配置されて心臓又は腔の壁と係合する非外傷性アンカ部材を有する。
【0013】
また別の実施形態では、対向して配置された二つの端部を有する第1引っ張り部材と、第1及び第2の細長いアンカ部材とを含む心臓壁張力低減装置が提供される。第2の引っ張り部材を提供することもできる。一つの細長いアンカを二つの小さいアンカで代用してもよい。
【0014】
心臓壁張力低減装置の代替実施形態では、細長い圧縮部材を提供することができる。第1及び第2の細長いレバー部材が好適には圧縮部材の両端から延びる。引っ張り部材が第1及び第2レバー部材の間に延びる。
【0015】
上記の実施形態の圧縮部材は心臓の外部又は内部に配置される。引っ張り部材は(単数又は複数)を介して延び、レバー部材を心臓の方向に付勢する。
【0016】
本発明による心臓壁張力低減装置のまた別の実施形態では、剛性のある細長い枠部材が提供される。枠部材は心臓の一つ又はそれ以上のを介して延びる。一つ又はそれ以上の片持部材が枠部材の両端に配置される。各片持部材にはその上に配置された少なくとも一つの非外傷性パッドが含まれる。枠部材の両端に配置された非外傷性パッドは互いの方向に付勢されて心を圧縮する。
【0017】
心臓壁張力装置又は副子を人間の心臓に設置する一つの方法には、中空の針を心臓の少なくとも一つのを介して延ばして針の各端部がの外部にあるようにする工程が含まれる。可撓性のあるリーダが引っ張り部材の第1の端部に結合される。引っ張り部材の第2の端部が非外傷性パッドに結合される。リーダは針を介して針の一方の端部から他方の端部に進行せしめられる。リーダはさらに、引っ張り部材の第2の端部が心臓に近接し、引っ張り部材の第1の端部が心臓の外部に到るまで進行せしめられる。第1及び第2の非外傷性パッドが心臓と係合するように、第2の非外傷性パッドが引っ張り部材の第1の端部に結合される。
【0018】
心臓壁張力低減装置を心臓に設置する代替方法には、案内部材を心臓の少なくとも一つのを介して延ばして案内部材の各端部がの外部にあるようにする工程が含まれる。この方法で使用される引っ張り部材は引っ張り部材の少なくとも一部を介して延びる少なくとも一つのルーメンを有する。案内部材はルーメン内に設置される。引っ張り部材の第1の端部が心臓の外側の一側に配置され、引っ張り部材の第2の端部が心臓の外側の他側に配置されるように、引っ張り部材は案内部材上を進行せしめられる。第1の非外傷性パッドは引っ張り部材の一方の端部に結合され、第2非外傷性パッドは引っ張り部材の反対側の端部に結合される。
【0019】
心臓壁張力装置を心臓に設置するまた別の方法には、可撓性のある引っ張り部材が心臓の少なくとも一つのを介し取り外し可能に結合されている針を延ばして引っ張り部材の両端がの外部でかつその両側に露出するようにする工程が含まれる。針は引っ張り部材から取り外される。次いで、第1及び第2の非外傷性パッドが引っ張り部材の両端で引っ張り部材に結合される。
【0020】
【発明を実施するための最良の形態】
同じ参照符号が多数の図面を通じて同じ構成要素を示す図面を参照すると、図1は人間の心臓14の左心室10及び右心室12の横断面図を示す。引っ張り部材18と、互いに対向して配置されたアンカ20とを含む副子16が左心室を介して延びる。副子16は図1に示されるように、左心室10の向かい合う壁を互いの方向に引っ張るよう配置され、左心室断面の「半径」又はその断面積を縮小し、左心室壁の応力を低減する。本明細書で開示される副子16及びその代替装置は人間の心臓の左心室に関連して説明されるが、これらの装置を使用して横断又は鉛直方向、又は横断方向と鉛直方向との間の角度で、人間の心臓の他のの半径又は断面積を縮小することもできるということが理解されるべきである。
【0021】
図2は参考形態を開示している。図2では、左心室に隣接してバルーン200が配置される。バルーンの大きさ及び拡張の度合いを変化させて心臓14の左心室10の半径又は断面積を縮小させることができる。
【0022】
図3は人間の心臓14の左心室10に関して配置されたまた別の参考形態を示す。ここでは圧縮枠構造300が非外傷性アンカパッド310において心臓14と係合せしめられる。非外傷性表面314を有する圧縮部材312が左心室10の壁を押し、その半径又は断面積を縮小する。
【0023】
図4はまた別の参考形態を示す、人間の心臓14の横断面図である。この場合、互いの方向に付勢された非外傷性アンカパッド410を有するクランプ400が、左心室10の壁に配置されることが示される。ここでパッド410の間の部分を締め付けることによって、左心室10の半径又は断面積が縮小される。パッド410を互いの方向に付勢しかつ/又は施錠装置によって保持することができる。
【0024】
図1から図4で開示された様々な実施形態及び参考形態は各々、人体に無期限に埋め込むことのできる材料から製造される。こうした生体適合性材料は臨床医療用具の当業者には周知である。
【0025】
図5は参照符号116によって示される、図1の副子の代替実施形態を示す。図5に示される実施形態には図1に示される単一の引っ張り部材18と異なって、三つの引っ張り部材118が含まれる。図6は四つの引っ張り部材218を有する副子216のまた別の実施形態を示す。患者によっては弱った心臓の疾患が進んでいるため、図1で示される単一の引っ張り部材で可能な程度以上に心臓の壁応力を低減するために三つ、四つ又はそれ以上の引っ張り部材が望ましいということが予想される。
【0026】
図7は左心室10を示す人間の心臓14の部分縦断面図である。図7には、左心室10を介して延びる引っ張り部材318を有する別の副子実施形態316が示される。引っ張り部材318の両端に細長いアンカ又はパッド320が配置される。図8は細長いアンカ320を示す引っ張り部材318の端面図である。
【0027】
図9は人間の心臓14の部分縦断面図に配置された副子416の別の実施形態を示す。副子416には図7及び図8に示されたものと同様の細長いパッド420が二つ含まれる。しかし図9では、二つの引っ張り部材418は左心室10を介して延び、心臓14の両側でアンカ420と相互結合する。
【0028】
図10は左心室10を示す心臓14の縦断面図である。この場合、二つの副子16が左心室10を介して、鉛直方向に互いに間隔を置いて配置され、図9の構成に類似せしめられる。
【0029】
図11は心臓14の左心室の縦断面図である。左心室10を介して延びる二つの代替実施形態副子516が示される。各副子516には二つのアンカ又はパッド520を相互結合する二つの引っ張り部材518が含まれる。
【0030】
図12は心臓14の左心室10のまた別の縦断面図である。左心室10を介して延びる副子の代替実施形態616が示される。副子616には細長いアンカパッド620と二つの短いアンカ又はパッド621が含まれる。副子616には二つの引っ張り部材618が含まれる。各引っ張り部材618はアンカ620と対応するアンカ621との間に延びる。
【0031】
図13は心臓14の左心室10の縦断面図である。心臓14に配置された副子50が示される。副子50には左心室10を介して延びることが示される圧縮部材52が含まれる。圧縮部材52の両端は左心室10の外部に配置される。レバー部材54が圧縮部材52の各端部から心室10の外面に沿って上向きに延びる。引っ張り部材56がレバー部材54の間に延び、レバー部材54を心臓14の方向に付勢して10を圧縮する。圧縮部材52は概ね剛体であるべきだが、レバー部材54と、ある程度圧縮部材52とは引っ張り部材56がレバー部材54を心臓14の方向に付勢することができるのに十分な可撓性を有するべきである。代替可能には、引っ張り部材56によって心臓14の方向に付勢されるとき、レバー部材54が蝶番回りに旋回できるようにレバー部材54を圧縮部材52に蝶着することができる。
【0032】
図14は図13に示される副子の代替実施形態156を示す。この場合、副子150の圧縮部材152が左心室10の外部に配置されているので、レバー部材154は部材54よりも長い。
【0033】
図15は心臓14の左心室10の縦断面図である。副子の代替実施形態250が心臓14の上に示される。好適には比較的剛性のある枠部材256が心室10を介して延びる。片持部材254が枠250の両端に配置される。非外傷性パッド258が片持部材254に配置される。片持部材254は非外傷性パッド258が心臓を押して室10を圧縮するように枠部材256に沿って配置される。図16は片持部材254とパッド258を示す、枠部材256の端面図である。
【0034】
これまで説明された各実施形態は当業者に周知の適切な生体適合性材料から形成されるべきことが理解されるべきである。引っ張り部材は可撓性を有し、又は比較的より剛性のある材料から形成される。圧縮部材及び枠部材は一般に剛性のある材料から形成され、負荷によって曲がるが、その形状を概ね保持する。
【0035】
図17は左心室10及び左心房22を示す、人間の心臓14の部分断面図である。図17に示されるように、心臓14には動脈瘤又は虚血に関連する傷組織24の範囲が含まれる。図17に示されるように、傷組織24は傷組織に影響された範囲で左心室10の半径又は断面積を増大させる。左心室の半径又は断面積のこうした増大によって、左心室の壁応力が大きくなる。
【0036】
図18は図17に示されるような心臓14の縦断面図である。図18では副子16が設置され、傷組織24を左心室10の反対側の壁の方向に引っ張る。副子16を設置した結果、傷組織24に影響された左心室の半径又は断面積は縮小する。この半径又は断面積の縮小の結果、左心室壁の壁応力が低減され、心臓の吐出効率が改善される。
【0037】
図19は副子16が設置された心臓14の左心室10及び左心房22の縦断面図である。図19に示されるように、副子16には代替アンカ26が示される。アンカ26は好適にはその幅(図示せず)よりもはるかに大きい、図19に示すような長さを有する細長い部材である。突発性拡張心筋症のような左心室10の全体的な拡大が存在する場合、アンカバー26を使用して左心室の半径又は断面積を縮小してもよい。この場合、バー式アンカ26はアンカ20よりも広く力を分散することができる。
【0038】
図20及び図21はそれぞれ展開していない位置と展開した位置とにおける、アンカ20と代替可能な蝶番付きアンカ28の側面図である。アンカ28には図20に示されるように、バー式アンカ26と同様の二つの脚が含まれる。蝶番付きアンカ28に追加の脚が含まれてもよく、こうした脚の長さは心臓の壁の表面全体に力を分散させるために変更できる。さらに、アンカ28に傘状の外観を与える膜を各脚の間に設けることもできる。好適には、膜は心臓の壁に接触する脚の表面に配置される。
【0039】
図22は捕獲ボール式アンカ30の断面図である。捕獲ボール式アンカ30はアンカ20の代わりに使用されうる。捕獲ボール式アンカ30にはアンカの力を心臓の壁に分散するディスク部分32と、引っ張り部材38の端部に固定されたボールを受けるくぼみ34とが含まれる。ディスク32及びくぼみ34には側面溝が含まれるので、引っ張り部材38はディスク32の外側からくぼみ34に通過できる。ディスク32に向かい合うくぼみ34の開口38を介して引っ張り部材18を引っ張ることで、ボール36はくぼみ34内に進行する。
【0040】
図23はクロスバー式アンカ40の斜視図である。クロスバー式アンカ40はアンカ20の代わりに使用されうる。アンカ40には好適には、パッド42の開口46の上に延びるクロスバー44を有するディスク又はパッド部分42が含まれる。引っ張り部材18は図示されるように、開口を介して延び、クロスバー42に結び付けられる。
【0041】
使用の際、本発明の様々な実施形態は人間の心臓内又はその近くに設置され、心臓の少なくとも一つのの半径又は断面積を縮小する。これは心臓又は腔の壁の応力又は張力を低減して心不全の進行を遅らせるか、停止するか、又は逆行させるためになされる。図1に示される副子16の場合、心臓の二つの壁を貫通するカニューレが使用することができ、副子の一端がカニューレを介して心臓の一方から反対側に進み、そこでアンカが固定又は展開される。同様に、アンカは副子16の反対側で固定又は展開される。
【0042】
図24は心臓14の10の縦断面図である。内部に挿入されたスタイレットを有する針60が10に挿入される。図25は図24に示されたような心臓40に配置された針60を示す。図25ではスタイレット62は除去されている。引っ張り部材64の一端に取り付けられた可撓性のあるリーダ66を有する引っ張り部材64が、針60及びアンカ68を通過する。
【0043】
図25に示されるように、引っ張り部材64には二つの円筒形状端部72を有する細長い円筒形状のシャフト70が含まれる。端部72の直径は好適にはシャフト70の直径よりも大きい。図25にはまた、アンカ68を介して延びる開口73を示すアンカ68の斜視図が示される。開口73にはアンカ68を介して完全に延びる第1の円筒形開口74が含まれる。開口74の直径は好適には引っ張り部材64の端部72の直径よりもわずかに大きい。好適には引っ張り部材64のシャフト70の直径よりもわずかに大きい幅を有する溝76が開口74から円筒形状開口78に延びる。円筒形状開口78の直径は端部72の直径にほぼ等しい。しかし、開口74と異なって、開口78には溝76の幅とほぼ等しい幅を有する縮小された基部開口80が含まれる。開口80の幅も、引っ張り部材64の端部72の直径よりも小さい。
【0044】
引っ張り部材64を開口74を介して、シャフト70が内部に配置されるまで進めることができることが認識される。シャフト70はその後溝76を介して横に摺動されうる。引っ張り部材64はその後、端部72が開口78に入り基部80に入るまで開口73を介して進められうる。
【0045】
図26は図25に示される心臓14の図を示す。針60は心臓14から除去されている。引っ張り部材64は10内に進められており、それに結合されたアンカ68は心臓の壁と係合している。リーダ66は心臓14の反対側に配置されたまた別のアンカ68を介して進められている。
【0046】
図27は図26の心臓14の図である。二つの引っ張り部材64が10を介して進められている。各引っ張り部材は対応する基部80の対応する開口78に着座し、図9に示されるような構成の副子を形成している。
【0047】
他の引っ張り部材の副子構成も、各々同様に心臓に設置されうることが認識される。また、アンカ68が最初に心臓に対して保持され、リーダ66が針を介して延びる前に針60がアンカ68及び10を介して進められることができることも認識される。
【0048】
図28は本発明による引っ張り部材164の斜視図である。引っ張り部材164は細長い円筒形状シャフト170と円筒形状端部172とを有する点で、上記で説明された引っ張り部材64と同様である。しかし、ルーメンは軸線Aに沿い引っ張り部材164を介して長手方向に延びる。
【0049】
図29は引っ張り部材264のまた別の実施形態の斜視図である。引っ張り部材264は引っ張り部材164と同様であり、細長い円筒形シャフト270と円筒形端部272を含む。しかし、ルーメン282は軸線Bと整列されて端部272を介し延びる。
【0050】
図30は心臓14の左心室10の縦断面図である。アンカ68は心臓14の両側に設置されている。針160は引っ張り部材164のルーメン、左心室10、及びアンカ68の開口73を介して延びる。引っ張り部材64がアンカ68と左心室10を介して進み、引っ張り部材64に関して上記で説明されたように開口78内に着座することが認識される。
【0051】
図31は心臓14の左心室10の縦断面図である。針60が左心室10の壁を介して進められ、案内ワイヤ162が針60を介して進められている。
【0052】
図32は図31で示されたものと同じ心臓14の図である。しかし、針60は心臓14から除去され、案内ワイヤ162が所定位置に残っている。アンカ68が、左心室10の両側で案内ワイヤ162上に配置されている。引っ張り部材264がルーメン282を介して案内ワイヤ162に通されている。上記記載で引っ張り部材164に関して論じられたように、引っ張り部材264の端部272が対応する開口78の基部80に着座するように、引っ張り部材264が左心室10を介して進むことが認識される。
【0053】
図33は心臓14の左心室10の縦断面図である。図34では可撓性を有する引っ張り部材364が針360に結合されている。心室壁を介して左心室10内に進む針360が示される。
【0054】
図34は引っ張り部材364が左心室10及びアンカ68を介して完全に進められている点以外は、図33に示されたものと同じ心臓14の図である。結び目384が引っ張り部材364の端部で結ばれ、引っ張り部材364の端部がアンカ68の開口73を通過するのを防止する。
【0055】
特定の形状の心室を介して望ましい数の引っ張り部材を進行させるために、心室を介して引っ張り部材を進行させる上述した方法を繰り返すことができることが認識される。引っ張り部材の長さは患者の心臓の大きさ及び状態に基づいて決定される。また、ここでは例示目的で左心室が言及されているが、本発明の装置及び方法を使用して右心室や他の心房と同様、患者の心臓の多数のに副子を施すこともできることに注意すべきである。
【0056】
図35は参考形態を示す、心臓14の左心室10の縦断面図である。心臓の周囲に帯716が配置される。帯716の心臓に対する寸法は、帯の長さ方向に対し平行な平面内での心臓の半径又は断面積が、帯を心臓に設置する前の位置での半径に対し縮小されるように、決定されている。帯に対し垂直方向の心臓の長さも増大される。帯は心臓の半径縮小及び延長の望ましい効果を提供するのに十分な強度を有する弾性材料、又は他の生体適合性材料からなる連続するリボンから形成されうる。
【0057】
図36は円筒又は理想化された心48の図であり、本発明による副子を配置した結果としての心の壁応力の低減を例示するために使用される。ここで使用されるモデル及びこのモデルに関する計算は単に心内の壁応力が低減される機構を例示することだけを目的とするものである。実際の低減を定量化する努力はなされず、それは何らかの特定の生体内適用業務で実現される。
【0058】
図37は図36の理想化された心48の図であるが、そこでは長さに沿って「数字の8」形の断面が形成されるように、が長さLに沿って副子を施されている。図36のの横断面図の外周が、図37の数字の8形横断面図の外周と等しいことに注意されたい。このモデルの目的のため、断面図の向かい合う円形突部は鏡像であると想定される。
【0059】
図38は図37の副子が施された理想化された心の図1の断面図の様々なパラメータを示す。ここで1はの向かい合う壁の間の副子の長さであり、R2は各円形突部の半径であり、θは副子の48内の部分の両端に延びる一つの円形突部の二つの半径の間の角度であり、hは二つの半径と副子の48内の部分とによって形成される三角形の高さである(R1は図36の円筒形の半径である)。これらの様々なパラメータは以下のように関連付けられる。
h=R2COS(θ/2)
l=2R2SIN(θ/2)
2=R1π/(2π−θ)
【0060】
これらの関係から、数字の8形断面の面積が次式によって計算される。
2=2π(R22(1−θ/2π)+hl
【0061】
図36に示されるように48に副子が施されていない場合、円筒形のもとの断面積であるA1はA2に等しく、θ=180°、h=0、l=2R2である。容積はA2と長さLとの積に等しく、周囲壁張力は内の圧力とR2の長さLとの積に等しい。
【0062】
すなわち、例えば、もとの円筒形半径が4cmで内の圧力が140mmHgの場合、円筒形の壁の壁張力Tは104.4Nである。l=3.84cmになるように、3.84cmの副子を図37及び図38に示されるように設置する場合、壁張力Tは77.33Nである。
【0063】
図39及び図40は数字の8形断面に対する壁張力T及び圧力Pの仮定的な分布を示す。θが180°から0°に変化すると副子の張力TSは0から2Tの負荷に変化し、壁はTの負荷を支える。
【0064】
また別の例では、の長さLが10cmで一定であり、かつもとの半径R1が4cmであると想定すると、140mmHgで壁張力は74.7Nである。l=4.5cmとなるように4.5cmの副子が配置されると、壁張力は52.8Nになる。
【0065】
この開示は多くの点で単に例示的であることが理解されるべきである。細部、特に形状、大きさ、材料及び部品の配置の点で、本発明の範囲を越えることなく変更がなされうる。従って、本発明の範囲は添付の請求の範囲の語句で定義されたとおりである。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】図1は本発明による副子の配置を示す、人間の心臓の左右心室の横断面図である。
【図2】図2は参考形態によるバルーン装置の配置を示す、人間の心臓の左右心室の横断面図である。
【図3】図3は参考形態による外部圧縮枠構造の配置を示す、人間の心臓の左右心室の横断面図である。
【図4】図4は参考形態によるクランプを示す、人間の心臓の左右心室の横断面図である。
【図5】図5は図1の副子が三つの引っ張り部材を有する変更態様を示す、人間の心臓の左右心室の横断面図である。
【図6】図6は図1に示される副子が四つの引っ張り部材を有する変更態様を示す、人間の心臓の左右心室の横断面図である。
【図7】図7は本発明による副子の代替態様を示す、人間の心臓の左心室の縦断面図である。
【図8】図8は図7に示される副子の端部である。
【図9】図9は本発明による副子の別の代替実施形態を示す、人間の心臓の腔の縦断面図である。
【図10】図10は本発明による副子の別の代替構成を示す、人間の心臓の腔の縦断面図である。
【図11】図11は本発明による副子の代替実施形態を示す、人間の心臓の腔の縦断面図である。
【図12】図12は本発明による副子の別の実施形態を示す、人間の心臓の腔の縦断面図である。
【図13】図13は本発明による副子の圧縮部材の態様を示す、人間の心臓の腔の縦断面図である。
【図14】図14は図13に示される副子の別の態様を示す、人間の心臓の腔の縦断面図である。
【図15】図15は本発明による副子の枠部材の態様を示す、人間の心臓の腔の縦断面図である。
【図16】図16は図15の副子の端面図である。
【図17】図17は左心室が傷組織を有する、左心室及び心房の縦断面図である。
【図18】図18は図1の副子が傷組織を左心室の反対側の壁の方向に引っ張っていることを示す、図7の心臓の縦断面図である。
【図19】図19は図1の副子の細長いアンカバーを有する態様を示す、人間の心臓の左心室と心房の縦断面図である。
【図20】図20は展開されない蝶番付きアンカ部材の側面図である。
【図21】図21は展開された図20の蝶番付きアンカ部材の側面図である。
【図22】図22は捕獲ボール式アンカ部材の断面図である。
【図23】図23はクロスバー式アンカ部材の斜視図である。
【図24】図24は本発明による副子を配置するために使用される針を示す、人間の心臓の腔の縦断面図である。
【図25】図25は心臓に配置された引っ張り部材を示す、図24の心臓及び針の図である。
【図26】図26は反対側に配置されたアンカ部材が引っ張り部材によって接合されている、図24に示す心臓の図である。
【図27】図27は二つの反対側に配置されたアンカパッドが二つの引っ張り部材によって接合された、図24の心臓の図である。
【図28】図28は貫通して延びるルーメンを有する引っ張り部材の図である。
【図29】図29は貫通して延びるルーメンを有する引っ張り部材の図である。
【図30】図30は心臓の腔と二つのパッド、及び貫通して延びる針の縦断面図である。
【図31】図31は貫通して延びる案内ワイヤを示す、心臓の腔の縦断面図である。
【図32】図32は図31の心臓と二つのパッド、及び貫通して延びる案内ワイヤの図である。
【図33】図33は腔に挿入された引っ張り部材に結合された針を示す、心臓の腔の縦断面図である。
【図34】図34は引っ張り部材によって結合された二つのアンカを示す、心臓の腔の縦断面図である。
【図35】図35は心臓を取り囲む帯を示す、心臓の腔の縦断面図である。
【図36】図36は人間の心臓の左心室の理想化円筒形モデルである。
【図37】図37は図14の左心室の副子を施したモデルである。
【図38】図38は様々なモデル化パラメータを示す、図15の横断面図である。
【図39】図39は仮定的な力の分布を示す、図15の副子を施した左心室の横断面図である。
【図40】図40は仮定的な力の分布を示す、図15のモデル左心室の第2横断面図である。

Claims (16)

  1. 心臓を治療するための受動装置において、
    該心臓のを横切って延びる受動部材であって、該の壁に隣接配置されるべく構成された受動部材と、
    該受動部材に結合されて該の壁の外面に係合するアンカ機構と、
    を具備し、
    該腔の半径又は断面積を減少させて心臓壁張力を減少させるように、該の壁の部分を互いに引き寄せるべく構成され、該腔のすべての内側部位を流体が直接的に流通し続ける受動装置。
  2. 少なくとも拡張期に前記の壁の部分を互いに引き寄せるべく構成されている請求項1に記載の受動装置。
  3. 心周期を通じて前記の壁の部分を互いに引き寄せるべく構成されている請求項1に記載の受動装置。
  4. 前記の壁の部分が互いに引き寄せられる量が、を横切って延びる前記受動部材の長さにより定まる請求項1に記載の受動装置。
  5. 心臓を治療するための受動装置において、
    該心臓のを横切って延びる受動部材であって、該の壁の複数部分に隣接配置されるべく構成された受動部材と、
    該受動部材に結合されて該の壁の外面に係合するアンカ機構と、
    を具備し、
    のすべての内側部位を流体が直接的に流通し続けるように、該の形状を変更しかつ該腔の半径又は断面積を減少させて心臓壁張力を減少させるべく構成されている受動装置。
  6. 少なくとも拡張期に前記の形状を変更すべく構成されている請求項5に記載の受動装置。
  7. 心周期を通じて前記の形状を変更すべく構成されている請求項5に記載の受動装置。
  8. 前記の形状が変更される量が、該を横切って延びる前記受動部材の長さにより定まる請求項5に記載の受動装置。
  9. 心臓を治療するための受動装置において、
    該心臓のを横切って延びる受動部材であって、該の壁の複数部分に隣接配置されるべく構成された受動部材と、
    該受動部材に結合されて該の壁の外面に係合するアンカ機構と、
    を具備し、
    のすべての内側部位を流体が直接的に流通し続けるように、該の半径を減少させて心臓壁張力を減少させるべく構成されている受動装置。
  10. 少なくとも拡張期に前記の半径を減少すべく構成されている請求項9に記載の受動装置。
  11. 心周期を通じて前記の半径を減少すべく構成されている請求項9に記載の受動装置。
  12. 前記受動部材が互いに対向する第1及び第2の端部を含み、前記アンカ機構が、これら第1及び第2の端部のそれぞれに設けられたアンカ機構を含んでなる請求項1,5,9のいずれか一項に記載の受動装置。
  13. 前記受動部材が、前記を横切って配置されるべく構成された引っ張り部材である請求項1,5,9のいずれか一項に記載の受動装置。
  14. 前記の半径の減少される量が、該を横切って延びる前記部材の長さにより定まる請求項9に記載の受動装置。
  15. 前記受動部材が、前記を横切って配置されるべく構成された複数の部材である請求項1,5,9のいずれか一項に記載の受動装置。
  16. 前記受動部材が、前記の外部に位置し続けるようになっている請求項1,5,9のいずれか一項に記載の受動装置。
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US6162168A (en) 2000-12-19
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US20090137863A1 (en) 2009-05-28
US6332864B1 (en) 2001-12-25
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