JP4217652B2 - 磁性トナー - Google Patents
磁性トナー Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4217652B2 JP4217652B2 JP2004113141A JP2004113141A JP4217652B2 JP 4217652 B2 JP4217652 B2 JP 4217652B2 JP 2004113141 A JP2004113141 A JP 2004113141A JP 2004113141 A JP2004113141 A JP 2004113141A JP 4217652 B2 JP4217652 B2 JP 4217652B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- toner
- acid
- magnetic
- resin
- binder resin
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 98
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 98
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 58
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- KSBAEPSJVUENNK-UHFFFAOYSA-L tin(ii) 2-ethylhexanoate Chemical compound [Sn+2].CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O.CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O KSBAEPSJVUENNK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004698 iron complex Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 66
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 64
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 50
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 45
- -1 alkyl carboxylic acid Chemical class 0.000 description 43
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 41
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- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 35
- 235000013980 iron oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 34
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- VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)-N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C(=O)NCCC(N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2)=O VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 19
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- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 18
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- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 17
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 16
- 150000003606 tin compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 16
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
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- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 13
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- 229920005792 styrene-acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 10
- ARCGXLSVLAOJQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimellitic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C(C(O)=O)=C1 ARCGXLSVLAOJQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 9
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- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
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- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000006087 Silane Coupling Agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 8
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 7
- AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CCNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 7
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Divinylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 229940018557 citraconic acid Drugs 0.000 description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 6
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 6
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 4
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001938 differential scanning calorimetry curve Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004508 fractional distillation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 4
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylenebutanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000003961 organosilicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 4
- JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-fluorophenyl)-1h-imidazole Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(C=2NC=CN=2)=C1 JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical class C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-IHWYPQMZSA-N citraconic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(/C)=C\C(O)=O HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-IHWYPQMZSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 3
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- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- FFUAGWLWBBFQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethyldisilazane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)N[Si](C)(C)C FFUAGWLWBBFQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012943 hotmelt Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 3
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000003505 polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 3
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-1,3-Butanediol Chemical compound CC(O)CCO PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RFFLAFLAYFXFSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1Cl RFFLAFLAYFXFSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YIWGJFPJRAEKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2H-benzotriazol-5-yl)-3-methyl-8-[2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carbonyl]-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-2,4-dione Chemical compound CN1C(=O)N(c2ccc3n[nH]nc3c2)C2(CCN(CC2)C(=O)c2cnc(NCc3cccc(OC(F)(F)F)c3)nc2)C1=O YIWGJFPJRAEKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UAJRSHJHFRVGMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-4-methoxybenzene Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 UAJRSHJHFRVGMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XMNIXWIUMCBBBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-phenylpropan-2-ylperoxy)propan-2-ylbenzene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XMNIXWIUMCBBBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LEJBBGNFPAFPKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-prop-2-enoyloxyethoxy)ethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCCOCCOC(=O)C=C LEJBBGNFPAFPKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- INQDDHNZXOAFFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-prop-2-enoyloxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCCOCCOCCOC(=O)C=C INQDDHNZXOAFFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCLJOFJIQIJXHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[2-(2-prop-2-enoyloxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCCOCCOCCOCCOC(=O)C=C HCLJOFJIQIJXHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KUDUQBURMYMBIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-prop-2-enoyloxyethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCCOC(=O)C=C KUDUQBURMYMBIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VNGLVZLEUDIDQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]phenol;2-methyloxirane Chemical compound CC1CO1.C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 VNGLVZLEUDIDQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WPSWDCBWMRJJED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]phenol;oxirane Chemical compound C1CO1.C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 WPSWDCBWMRJJED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002012 Aerosil® Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- MKYBYDHXWVHEJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[1-oxo-1-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propan-2-yl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(C(C)NC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 MKYBYDHXWVHEJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical group [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetone Natural products CC(=O)CC(C)=O YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium oxide Chemical compound [Ba]=O QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N butanedioic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC[14C](O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004203 carnauba wax Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013869 carnauba wax Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- IJOOHPMOJXWVHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorotrimethylsilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)Cl IJOOHPMOJXWVHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- NOPFSRXAKWQILS-UHFFFAOYSA-N docosan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO NOPFSRXAKWQILS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ILRSCQWREDREME-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(N)=O ILRSCQWREDREME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- FJKIXWOMBXYWOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC=C FJKIXWOMBXYWOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LNTHITQWFMADLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N gallic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 LNTHITQWFMADLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
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- ZQMHJBXHRFJKOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-[(1-methoxy-2-methyl-1-oxopropan-2-yl)diazenyl]-2-methylpropanoate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C(=O)OC ZQMHJBXHRFJKOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl p-hydroxycinnamate Natural products OC(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005055 methyl trichlorosilane Substances 0.000 description 1
- XJRBAMWJDBPFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl vinyl ether Chemical compound COC=C XJRBAMWJDBPFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLUFWMXJHAVVNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyltrichlorosilane Chemical compound C[Si](Cl)(Cl)Cl JLUFWMXJHAVVNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004200 microcrystalline wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019808 microcrystalline wax Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006082 mold release agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- VLAPMBHFAWRUQP-UHFFFAOYSA-L molybdic acid Chemical compound O[Mo](O)(=O)=O VLAPMBHFAWRUQP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000005673 monoalkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000013872 montan acid ester Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QIOYHIUHPGORLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethyl-3-trimethoxysilylpropan-1-amine Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCN(C)C QIOYHIUHPGORLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WLBHGVYLQDPNCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dipropyl-3-trimethoxysilylpropan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCN(CCC)CCC[Si](OC)(OC)OC WLBHGVYLQDPNCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XCOASYLMDUQBHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl)butan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCNCCC[Si](OC)(OC)OC XCOASYLMDUQBHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl glycol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)CO SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010073915 neutrophil peptide 5 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HILCQVNWWOARMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N non-1-en-3-one Chemical compound CCCCCCC(=O)C=C HILCQVNWWOARMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- XZZXKVYTWCYOQX-UHFFFAOYSA-J octanoate;tin(4+) Chemical compound [Sn+4].CCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCC([O-])=O XZZXKVYTWCYOQX-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
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- FATBGEAMYMYZAF-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(N)=O FATBGEAMYMYZAF-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
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- UCUUFSAXZMGPGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N penta-1,4-dien-3-one Chemical class C=CC(=O)C=C UCUUFSAXZMGPGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229960003531 phenolsulfonphthalein Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QIWKUEJZZCOPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 QIWKUEJZZCOPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WRAQQYDMVSCOTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 WRAQQYDMVSCOTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004714 phosphonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DHRLEVQXOMLTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;trioxomolybdenum Chemical compound O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.OP(O)(O)=O DHRLEVQXOMLTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IYDGMDWEHDFVQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;trioxotungsten Chemical compound O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.OP(O)(O)=O IYDGMDWEHDFVQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003216 poly(methylphenylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000004291 polyenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- BWJUFXUULUEGMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-yl propan-2-yloxycarbonyloxy carbonate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)OOC(=O)OC(C)C BWJUFXUULUEGMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YPVDWEHVCUBACK-UHFFFAOYSA-N propoxycarbonyloxy propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OOC(=O)OCCC YPVDWEHVCUBACK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NHARPDSAXCBDDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C(C)=C NHARPDSAXCBDDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNXMTCDJUBJHQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C=C PNXMTCDJUBJHQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- WQGWDDDVZFFDIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrogallol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1O WQGWDDDVZFFDIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003578 releasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000003441 saturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005049 silicon tetrachloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940014800 succinic anhydride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035900 sweating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015523 tannic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940033123 tannic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920002258 tannic acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- JIYXDFNAPHIAFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 3-tert-butylperoxycarbonylbenzoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(=O)OC(C)(C)C)=C1 JIYXDFNAPHIAFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NMOALOSNPWTWRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 7,7-dimethyloctaneperoxoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CCCCCC(=O)OOC(C)(C)C NMOALOSNPWTWRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SWAXTRYEYUTSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl ethaneperoxoate Chemical compound CC(=O)OOC(C)(C)C SWAXTRYEYUTSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert‐butyl hydroperoxide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OO CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-crotonic acid Natural products CC=CC(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- JZBMWXZOUSTRDA-UHFFFAOYSA-J tri(hexanoyloxy)stannyl hexanoate Chemical compound [Sn+4].CCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCC([O-])=O JZBMWXZOUSTRDA-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- CAPIMQICDAJXSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloro(1-chloroethyl)silane Chemical compound CC(Cl)[Si](Cl)(Cl)Cl CAPIMQICDAJXSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FLPXNJHYVOVLSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloro(2-chloroethyl)silane Chemical compound ClCC[Si](Cl)(Cl)Cl FLPXNJHYVOVLSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PZJJKWKADRNWSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxysilicon Chemical group CO[Si](OC)OC PZJJKWKADRNWSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KHOQXNHADJBILQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(sulfanyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)S KHOQXNHADJBILQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005051 trimethylchlorosilane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940096522 trimethylolpropane triacrylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PQDJYEQOELDLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsilane Chemical compound C[SiH](C)C PQDJYEQOELDLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AAAQKTZKLRYKHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylmethane Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 AAAQKTZKLRYKHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZRQNRTRXAVFCMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2,4,5-trioxa-1-stanna-3-borabicyclo[1.1.1]pentan-1-yl) borate Chemical compound [Sn+4].[Sn+4].[Sn+4].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-] ZRQNRTRXAVFCMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OECBPUHKHTYFET-UHFFFAOYSA-J tris(decanoyloxy)stannyl decanoate Chemical compound [Sn+4].CCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O OECBPUHKHTYFET-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- GRPURDFRFHUDSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(prop-2-enyl) benzene-1,2,4-tricarboxylate Chemical compound C=CCOC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(=O)OCC=C)C(C(=O)OCC=C)=C1 GRPURDFRFHUDSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005292 vacuum distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019871 vegetable fat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- KOZCZZVUFDCZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinyl benzoate Chemical compound C=COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KOZCZZVUFDCZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006163 vinyl copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- FUSUHKVFWTUUBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinyl methyl ketone Natural products CC(=O)C=C FUSUHKVFWTUUBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019386 wax ester Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
Description
(RCOO)2Sn 式(1)
で表される錫化合物(以下、単に「錫化合物」と称すこともある)が触媒として使用される。この錫化合物はエステル化反応及びエステル交換反応において好適な触媒であり、樹脂の軟化点や物性調整などが行いやすいとともに、比較的短時間での重合を可能にするものである。また重合後のポリエステルユニットを有する樹脂中に上記錫化合物が存在することによって、トナー製造時の熱溶融混練工程において以下に述べる効果により、樹脂と磁性体との分散性及び密着性を向上させるものと考えられる。
例示化合物(1) ヘキサン酸錫〔CH3(CH2)4COO〕2Sn
例示化合物(2) オクタン酸錫〔CH3(CH2)6COO〕2Sn
例示化合物(3) 2−エチルヘキサン酸錫
例示化合物(5) ラウリン酸錫〔CH3(CH2)10COO〕2Sn
SiCl4+2H2+O2→SiO2+4HCl
磁性体の平均粒径は、例えばレーザー回折式粒度分布計(堀場製作所株式会社製)を用いて測定することができる。
樹脂の軟化点はJIS K 7210に示される測定方法に則り、降下式フローテスタにより測定される。具体的な測定方法を以下に示す。
測定装置として、示差走査型熱量計(DSC)、MDSC−2920(TA Instruments社製)を用い、ASTM D3418−82に準じて測定する。
測定装置:コールターマルチサイザーIIe(ベックマン・コールター社製)
電解液としては、1級塩化ナトリウムを用いて、1%NaCl水溶液を調製する。例えば、ISOTON R−II(ベックマン・コールター社製)が使用できる。測定方法としては、前記電解水溶液100乃至150ml中に分散剤として界面活性剤、好ましくはアルキルベンゼンスルホン酸塩を0.1乃至5ml加え、更に測定試料を2乃至20mg加える。試料を懸濁した電解液は、超音波分散器で約1乃至3分間分散処理を行い、前記測定装置により、アパーチャーとして100μmアパーチャーを用いて、2μm以上のトナーの体積、個数を測定して、体積分布と、個数分布とを算出した。それから、本発明に係る重量平均粒径(D4)、個数平均粒径(D1)(それぞれ各チャンネルの中央値をチャンネル毎の代表値とする)を求めた。
ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィ(GPC)測定装置:GPC−150C(ウォーターズ社)
カラム:GMH−HT30cm2連(東ソー社製)
温度:135℃
溶媒:o−ジクロロベンゼン(0.1%アイオノール添加)
流速:1.0ml/min
試料:0.15%の試料を0.4ml注入
以上の条件で測定し、試料の分子量算出にあたっては単分散ポリスチレン標準試料により作成した分子量較正曲線を使用する。さらに、Mark−Houwink粘度式から導き出される換算式でポリエチレン換算することによって算出される。
本発明では、常法にしたがって結着樹脂の酸価を測定することができ、例えばサンプル2〜10gを200〜300mlの三角フラスコに秤量し、メタノール:トルエン=30:70の混合溶媒約50mlを加えて樹脂を溶解する。溶解性が悪いようであれば少量のアセトンを加えてもよい。0.1%のブロムチモールブルーとフェノールレッドの混合指示薬を用い、あらかじめ標定された0.1モル/l水酸化カリウム−アルコール溶液で滴定し、水酸化カリウム−アルコール溶液の消費量から下記式より酸価を求める。
酸価=KOH(ml)×n×56.1/試料重量(g)
(nは0.1モル/lKOHのファクター)
ポリエステルを得るためのモノマー及びアルキルカルボン酸の錫化合物を4口フラスコに仕込み、減圧装置、水分離装置、窒素ガス導入装置、温度測定装置及び撹拌装置を装着し、窒素雰囲気下にて230℃に昇温して反応を行った。反応終了後、生成物を容器から取り出し、冷却後粉砕し、軟化点138℃の結着樹脂1−1を得た。用いたモノマー及び錫化合物の種類、得られた樹脂の物性を表6に示す。
製造例1において、モノマー及びアルキルカルボン酸の錫化合物の量及び種類を表6に示すように変更し、また軟化点を確認しながら反応を行い、表5に示す軟化点となった時点で反応を終了したこと以外は製造例1−1と同様にして、結着樹脂1−2〜1−10を得た。得られた結着樹脂の物性を表6に示す。
ポリエステルユニットを得るためのモノマー及びアルキルカルボン酸の錫化合物を4口フラスコに仕込み、減圧装置、水分離装置、窒素ガス導入装置、温度測定装置及び撹拌装置を装着し、窒素雰囲気下にて130℃の温度で撹拌しつつ、表6に示すビニル系共重合体モノマー及び重合開始剤(ジクミルパーオキサイド)を混合したものを滴下ロートから4時間かけて滴下した。これを130℃で3時間保持し、その後230℃に昇温して反応を行った。反応終了後、生成物を容器から取り出し、その後粉砕し、ポリエステル樹脂成分、ビニル系重合体成分及びハイブリッド樹脂を含有する、軟化点140℃の結着樹脂1−11を得た。用いたモノマー及び錫化合物の種類、得られた樹脂の軟化点を表6に示す。
結着樹脂の製造例1−11において、モノマー及びアルキルカルボン酸の錫化合物の種類及び量を表6に示すように変更する以外は、上記製造例1−11と同様の方法を用いて、表6に示す結着樹脂1−12〜1−14を得た。
結着樹脂の製造例1−1において、モノマー及びアルキルカルボン酸の錫化合物の種類及び量を表7に示すように変更する以外は、製造例1−1と同様の方法を用いて、表7に示す比較用結着樹脂1−a〜1−hを得た。
(トナーの製造例)
・結着樹脂1−1 60質量部
・結着樹脂1−6 40質量部
・磁性酸化鉄1−1 90質量部
(平均粒径:0.18μm、Hc(保磁力):11.1kA/m、σs(飽和磁化):83.3Am2/kg、σr(残留磁化):13.9Am2/kg、磁性体中に0.4質量%のTiを含有)
・T−77(モノアゾ鉄錯体、保土ヶ谷化学社製) 2質量部
・ポリプロピレンワックス(融点140℃) 3質量部
上記混合物を、120℃に加熱された二軸エクストルーダーで溶融混練し、冷却した混合物をハンマーミルで粗粉砕した。この粗粉砕物をターボミル(ターボ工業社製)で微粉砕し、得られた微粉砕物を風力分級機で分級して磁性トナー粒子を得た。
市販のキヤノン製デジタル複写機iR3300を使用し、本発明のトナー1−1を用いて、常温常湿環境(温度23℃,湿度60%)において5万枚の通紙耐久試験を行った。原稿は画像比率5%のチャートを使用した。画像評価、感光ドラムの削れ評価、及びトナー消費量評価は以下のようにして行った。各評価の結果を表10に示す。
1.画像濃度
5mm丸(1.1濃度)のオリジナルチャートを用いて、複写原稿を作成し、その反射濃度を耐久試験前後で測定した。画像濃度は、マクベス濃度計(マクベス社製)を使用し、SPIフィルターを用いて測定した。
2.デジタル画像の鮮鋭度
ライン及び文字を含む原稿を使用し、耐久試験初期及び耐久試験後の画像を、目視または拡大鏡を使用して、以下の基準で評価した。
A:文字画像及びライン画像ともに、細部まで忠実に再現している。
B:細部に多少の乱れまたは飛び散りが生じているが、目視では問題ないレベルである。
C:目視でも乱れや飛び散りがわかるレベルである。
D:乱れ、飛び散りが多数発生し、原稿を再現していない。
通紙耐久の初期、耐久中及び耐久後の感光ドラムを目視で観察するとともに画像欠陥を観察し、下記評価基準に基づいて評価した。
A:ドラム表面、画像ともに欠陥は全く認められない。
B:耐久後半、ドラム表面光沢の低下が若干認められるが、画像には現れない。
C:耐久後半、ドラム表面に傷が若干認められ、画像にも若干のムラが生ずる。
D:耐久後半、ドラム表面に深い傷が認められ、画像にもムラが生ずる。
画出し試験において、初期の現像器質量と2000枚出力後の現像器質量から下式にて求めた。
トナー消費量={(初期の現像器質量)−(2000枚出力後の現像器質量)}/2000
その結果、表10に示すように良好な結果が得られた。
実施例1−1において樹脂の種類及び配合比を表8に示すとおりに変更した以外は、上記実施例1−1と同様の方法を用いてトナー1−2〜1−7を得た。
得られた各トナー1−2〜1−7について、上記実施例1−1と同様に評価を行った。評価結果を表10に示す。
実施例1−2において使用する磁性体を磁性酸化鉄1−2に変更した以外は、実施例1−2と同様の方法を用いてトナー1−8を得た。
実施例1−2において使用する磁性体を磁性酸化鉄1−3に変更した以外は、実施例1−2と同様の方法を用いてトナー1−9を得た。
実施例1−2において使用する磁性体を磁性酸化鉄1−4に変更した以外は、実施例1−2と同様の方法を用いてトナー1−10を得た。
実施例1−6において使用する磁性体を磁性酸化鉄1−5に変更した以外は、実施例1−6と同様の方法を用いてトナー1−11を得た。
実施例1−6において使用する磁性体を磁性酸化鉄1−6に変更した以外は、実施例1−6と同様の方法を用いてトナー1−12を得た。
実施例1−6において使用する磁性体を磁性酸化鉄1−7に変更した以外は、実施例1−6と同様の方法を用いてトナー1−13を得た。
実施例1−9において、表9に示す樹脂に変更した以外は、実施例1−1と同様の方法を用いて比較用トナー1−1〜1−4を得た。
実施例1−4において使用する磁性体を磁性酸化鉄1−8に変更した以外は、実施例1−1と同様の方法を用いて比較用トナー1−5を得た。
実施例1−4において使用する磁性体を磁性酸化鉄1−9に変更した以外は、実施例1−1と同様の方法を用いて比較用トナー1−6を得た。
(結着樹脂2−1の製造)
トリメリット酸 :365g
フマル酸 :336g
ビスフェノールAプロピレンオキサイド付加物 :1060g
ビスフェノールAエチレンオキサイド付加物 :966g
上記モノマーを表12に示すようなワックス(2)の存在下で表1の例示化合物(3)14gと共に4口フラスコに仕込み、減圧装置、水分離装置、窒素ガス導入装置、温度測定装置及び撹拌装置を装着して窒素雰囲気下にて230℃に昇温して反応を行った。反応終了後容器から取り出し、冷却、粉砕し、結着樹脂2−1を得た。
上記結着樹脂2−1の製造方法において、表11に示すようなモノマーに変更し、また軟化点を確認しながら反応を行い、表11に示す軟化点となった時点で反応を終了したこと以外は同様にして、結着樹脂2−2〜2−7を得た。
テレフタル酸 :400g
トリメリット酸 :400g
ドデセニルコハク酸 :500g
ビスフェノールAプロピレンオキサイド付加物 :700g
ビスフェノールAエチレンオキサイド付加物 :300g
上記ポリエステルモノマーを表1の例示化合物(3)と共に4口フラスコに仕込み、減圧装置、水分離装置、窒素ガス導入装置、温度測定装置及び撹拌装置を装着して窒素雰囲気下にて130℃の温度で撹拌しつつ、ビニル系重合モノマー(スチレン472g、2−エチルヘキシルアクリレート103g、ジビニルベンゼン0.1g)を混合したものを滴下ロートから4時間かけて滴下した。130℃に保持したまま3時間熟成し、230℃に昇温して反応を行った。反応終了後容器から取り出し、冷却、粉砕して、結着樹脂2−8を得た。
上記結着樹脂2−8の製造方法において、表11に示すようなモノマー及びワックスに変更し、また軟化点を確認しながら反応を行い、表11に示す軟化点となった時点で反応を終了したこと以外は同様にして、結着樹脂2−9、2−10、2−16を得た。
上記結着樹脂2−1の製造方法において、モノマー、ワックス及びアルキルカルボン酸の錫化合物の種類及び量を表11に示すように変更し、また軟化点を確認しながら反応を行い、表11に示す軟化点となった時点で反応を終了したこと以外は同様にして、結着樹脂2−11〜15を得た。
(ワックス(1)の製造)
ポリエチレンワックスPOLYWAX1000(東洋ペトロライト社製)から分留法によって、融点115℃、GPC測定によるMw/Mn=1.31のワックス(1)を得た。
石炭系フィッシャートロプシュワックスC105(サゾール社製)から分留法によって、融点100℃、GPC測定によるMw/Mn=1.45のワックス(2)を得た。
パラフィンワックスHNP−10及びHNP−5(日本精鑞社製)から分留法によって、それぞれ融点75℃と60℃、GPC測定によるMw/Mn=1.22、1.00のワックス(3)、(4)を得た。
ユニリンワックスES844P(東洋ペトロライト社製)から分留法によって、融点110℃、GPC測定によるMw/Mn=1.75のワックス(5)を得た。
アルコールワックスユーメックス1210(三洋化成社製)から分留法によって、融点140℃、GPC測定によるMw/Mn=2.33のワックス(6)を得た。
(トナー2−1の製造)
結着樹脂2−1(表11): 105質量部
磁性体2−3(表13): 90質量部
3,5−ジ−t−ブチルサリチル酸Al化合物: 0.5質量部
上記混合物をヘンシェルミキサーで混合した後、120℃に加熱された二軸式エクストルーダーで溶融混練し、冷却した混合物をハンマーミルで粗粉砕した。粗粉砕物をジェットミルで微粉砕し、得られた微粉末を風力分級機で分級し、磁性トナー粒子を得た。
キヤノン製デジタル複写機iR3300を用いて、高温高湿下(30℃,80%)、画像印字比率20%の画像をA4サイズで5万枚の耐久画出し試験を行った。耐久前後でのスリーブ上のトナー帯電量変化を評価した。さらに、前記耐久画出し試験後、20万枚まで画出しを進め、耐久後の現像スリーブ汚染及び定着ローラー汚染を評価した。
スリーブ上に担持されたトナーを金属円筒管と円筒フィルターにより吸引捕集する。その際、金属円筒管を通じてコンデンサーに蓄えられた電荷量Qを測定し、また捕集されたトナー質量Mを測定する。測定された電荷量Qとトナー質量Mから単位質量当たりの電荷量Q/M(mC/kg)を計算し、トナー帯電量(Q/M)とした。
20万枚耐久後、現像スリーブ上のトナーコートを掃除機及びエアブローにより除去し、目視にてスリーブ汚染を評価した。また、画像への影響もあわせて評価した。
A:スリーブ上、画像上ともに問題なし。
B:スリーブ上の非画像部に若干の汚染があるが、画像上問題なし。
C:スリーブ上端部に汚染があるが、画像上問題なし。
D:スリーブ上に明らかに汚染があり、画像端部に濃度薄などが発生する。
E:スリーブ上に明らかに汚染があり、画像上全面に濃度薄などが発生する。
20万枚耐久後、定着ローラー上をテーピングして付着したトナー量を目視にて比較評価した。また、耐久中の画像裏面へのトナー付着についてもあわせて評価した。
A:定着ローラー、画像上ともに問題なし。
B:定着ローラー上に若干トナー付着があるが、画像上問題なし。
C:定着ローラー上にトナー付着があり、耐久後半で画像裏面に若干トナー付着(数百枚に1枚位の割合)があるが実用上問題なし。
D:定着ローラー上にトナー付着があり、耐久後半で画像裏面にトナー付着(数十枚に1枚位の割合)がある。
E:定着ローラー上にトナー付着があり、耐久後半で毎画像に裏面にスジ状のトナー付着がある。
キヤノン製デジタル複写機iR3300を用いて未定着画像を得た後、外部定着器(iR3300の定着器を取り出し、外部駆動及び定着器の温度制御装置をつけ、プロセススピードを230mm/secに改造したもの)を用いて、定着温度を変えて定着を行った。得られた画像上を4900N/m2(50g/cm2)の荷重をかけて5回摺擦した時の摺擦前後の濃度を測定することにより濃度低下率を測定した。その濃度低下率が20%以下となる温度を最低定着温度とし、以下の評価基準で低温定着性を評価した。
A:最低定着温度が145℃未満。
B:最低定着温度が145〜150℃未満。
C:最低定着温度が150〜155℃未満。
D:最低定着温度が155〜160℃未満。
E:最低定着温度が160℃以上。
(トナー2−2〜2−10の製造)
上記トナー2−1の製造方法において、表14に示した原料に変更したこと以外は同様にして、トナー2−2〜2−10を得た。また実施例2−1と同様な評価を行った。評価結果を表15に示す。
(比較用トナー2−1〜2−6の製造)
上記トナー2−1の製造方法において、表14に示した原料に変更したこと以外は同様にして、比較用トナー2−1〜2−6を得た。また実施例2−1と同様な評価を行った。評価結果を表15に示す。
Claims (8)
- 少なくとも結着樹脂と磁性体を含有する磁性トナーにおいて、該結着樹脂の主成分が2−エチルヘキサン酸錫を触媒として合成されたポリエステルユニットを有する樹脂であり、該磁性体の個数平均粒径が0.1〜0.3μmであることを特徴とする磁性トナー。
- 該結着樹脂中のポリエステルユニットを含有する樹脂が、3価以上の多価カルボン酸及び/又は3価以上の多価アルコールで架橋された非線状ポリエステルであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の磁性トナー。
- 該トナーが、アゾ系鉄錯体を含有することを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の磁性トナー。
- 該トナーが芳香族オキシカルボン酸金属化合物を含有することを特徴とする請求項1乃至3のいずれかに記載の磁性トナー。
- 該トナーが、70乃至120℃の融点を有する離型剤を含有することを特徴とする請求項1乃至4のいずれかに記載の磁性トナー。
- 該トナーが、90乃至110℃の融点を有する離型剤を含有することを特徴とする請求項1乃至4のいずれかに記載の磁性トナー。
- 該離型剤が、脂肪族炭化水素系ワックスであることを特徴とする請求項5又は6に記載の磁性トナー。
- 該結着樹脂の酸価が1乃至50mgKOH/gであることを特徴とする請求項1乃至7のいずれかに記載の磁性トナー。
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