JP4307368B2 - トナー - Google Patents
トナー Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4307368B2 JP4307368B2 JP2004348433A JP2004348433A JP4307368B2 JP 4307368 B2 JP4307368 B2 JP 4307368B2 JP 2004348433 A JP2004348433 A JP 2004348433A JP 2004348433 A JP2004348433 A JP 2004348433A JP 4307368 B2 JP4307368 B2 JP 4307368B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- toner
- binder resin
- acid
- molecular weight
- polyester
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- -1 aliphatic dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 45
- 229920006163 vinyl copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 25
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 47
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 34
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 26
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 15
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 13
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 13
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 12
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 12
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 125000004386 diacrylate group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 10
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical class C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 7
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 7
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 7
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 7
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 6
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- ARCGXLSVLAOJQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimellitic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C(C(O)=O)=C1 ARCGXLSVLAOJQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-1,3-Butanediol Chemical compound CC(O)CCO PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 229940018557 citraconic acid Drugs 0.000 description 5
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003505 polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Divinylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000013980 iron oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- CYIDZMCFTVVTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyromellitic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(C(O)=O)=C(C(O)=O)C=C1C(O)=O CYIDZMCFTVVTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- QDCPNGVVOWVKJG-VAWYXSNFSA-N 2-[(e)-dodec-1-enyl]butanedioic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC\C=C\C(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O QDCPNGVVOWVKJG-VAWYXSNFSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004342 Benzoyl peroxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzoylperoxide Chemical group C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000006087 Silane Coupling Agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 235000019400 benzoyl peroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- UTOVMEACOLCUCK-PLNGDYQASA-N butyl maleate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O UTOVMEACOLCUCK-PLNGDYQASA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000004203 carnauba wax Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000013869 carnauba wax Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001938 differential scanning calorimetry curve Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- FFUAGWLWBBFQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethyldisilazane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)N[Si](C)(C)C FFUAGWLWBBFQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 3
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 3
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 3
- FDZZZRQASAIRJF-UHFFFAOYSA-M malachite green Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)=C1C=CC(=[N+](C)C)C=C1 FDZZZRQASAIRJF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylenebutanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000003961 organosilicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
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- SRPWOOOHEPICQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimellitic anhydride Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 SRPWOOOHEPICQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UAJRSHJHFRVGMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-4-methoxybenzene Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 UAJRSHJHFRVGMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LEJBBGNFPAFPKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-prop-2-enoyloxyethoxy)ethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCCOCCOC(=O)C=C LEJBBGNFPAFPKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-fluorophenyl)-1h-imidazole Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(C=2NC=CN=2)=C1 JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- INQDDHNZXOAFFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-prop-2-enoyloxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCCOCCOCCOC(=O)C=C INQDDHNZXOAFFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCLJOFJIQIJXHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[2-(2-prop-2-enoyloxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCCOCCOCCOCCOC(=O)C=C HCLJOFJIQIJXHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KUDUQBURMYMBIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-prop-2-enoyloxyethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCCOC(=O)C=C KUDUQBURMYMBIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002012 Aerosil® Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetone Natural products CC(=O)CC(C)=O YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000005233 alkylalcohol group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N butanedioic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC[14C](O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N 0.000 description 2
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000011088 calibration curve Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- IWWWBRIIGAXLCJ-BGABXYSRSA-N chembl1185241 Chemical compound C1=2C=C(C)C(NCC)=CC=2OC2=C\C(=N/CC)C(C)=CC2=C1C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC IWWWBRIIGAXLCJ-BGABXYSRSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- IJOOHPMOJXWVHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorotrimethylsilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)Cl IJOOHPMOJXWVHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-IHWYPQMZSA-N citraconic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(/C)=C\C(O)=O HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-IHWYPQMZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 2
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- NOPFSRXAKWQILS-UHFFFAOYSA-N docosan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO NOPFSRXAKWQILS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- FJKIXWOMBXYWOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC=C FJKIXWOMBXYWOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- LNTHITQWFMADLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N gallic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 LNTHITQWFMADLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Fe+2] VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
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- HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium stearate Chemical compound [Mg+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylfumaric acid Natural products OC(=O)C(C)=CC(O)=O HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- UTOPWMOLSKOLTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N octacosanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O UTOPWMOLSKOLTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229940059574 pentaerithrityl Drugs 0.000 description 2
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012643 polycondensation polymerization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003578 releasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- VEALVRVVWBQVSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium titanate Chemical compound [Sr+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O VEALVRVVWBQVSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001384 succinic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- KOZCZZVUFDCZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinyl benzoate Chemical compound C=COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KOZCZZVUFDCZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- FUSUHKVFWTUUBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinyl methyl ketone Natural products CC(=O)C=C FUSUHKVFWTUUBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011179 visual inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019386 wax ester Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KRJOFJHOZZPBKI-KSWODRSDSA-N α-defensin-1 Chemical compound C([C@H]1C(=O)N[C@H]2CSSC[C@H]3C(=O)N[C@H](C(N[C@@H](C)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=4C=CC(O)=CC=4)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CSSC[C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC=4C=CC(O)=CC=4)NC(=O)[C@H](CSSC[C@H](NC2=O)C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](C)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N2[C@@H](CCC2)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N3)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3NC=2)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N1)[C@@H](C)CC)[C@@H](C)O)=O)[C@@H](C)CC)C1=CC=CC=C1 KRJOFJHOZZPBKI-KSWODRSDSA-N 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
Description
少なくとも結着樹脂、着色剤を含有するトナーにおいて、
(1)該結着樹脂がポリエステルユニットとビニル系共重合ユニットを含有し、
(2)該結着樹脂のテトラヒドロフラン(THF)可溶分のゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー(GPC)によるピーク分子量Mptが5000乃至15000、重量平均分子量Mwtが10000乃至100000、Mwt/Mntが5乃至20であり、
(3)該結着樹脂がシクロヘキサン可溶分を1乃至30%含有し、
(4)該シクロヘキサン可溶分のGPCによるピーク分子量Mpcが7000乃至20000、重量平均分子量Mwcが8000乃至80000、Mwc/Mncが5乃至20であり、
(5)Mpt<Mpcであり、
更に、脂肪族ジカルボン酸及びその誘導体、脂肪族ジオール、3価以上の多価カルボン酸及び/又は多価アルコールから選ばれる少なくとも2種以上のモノマーからなるポリエステル樹脂Aを含有することを特徴とする。
SiCl4+2H2+O2→SiO2+4HCl
AEROSiL(日本アエロジル杜)
130
200
300
380
TT600
MOX170
MOX80
COK84
Ca−O−SiL(CABOT Co.社)
M−5
MS−7
MS−75
HS−5
EH−5
Wacker HDK N 20
(WACKER−CHEMIE GNBH社)
V15
N20E
T30
T40
D−CFine Silica(ダウコーニングCo.社)
Fransol(Francil社)
装置名称 製造メーカー
カウンタージェットミル ホソカワミクロン
ミクロンジェット ホソカワミクロン
IDS型ミル 日本ニューマチック工業
PJMジェット粉砕機 日本ニューマチック工業
クロスジェットミル 栗本鉄工所
ウルマックス 日曹エンジニアリング
SKジェット・オー・ミル セイシン企業
クリプトロン 川崎重工業
ターボミル ターボ工業
イノマイザ ホソカワミクロン
装置名称 製造メーカー
クラッシール セイシン企業
マイクロンクラッシファイアー セイシン企業
スペディッククラッシファイアー セイシン企業
ターボクラシファイアー 日清エンジニアリング
ミクロンセパレータ ホソカワミクロン
ターボプレックス(ATP) ホソカワミクロン
TSPセパレータ ホソカワミクロン
エルボージェット 日鉄鉱業
ディスパージョンセパレータ 日本ニューマチック工業
YMマイクロカット 安川商事
装置名称 製造メーカー
ウルトラソニック 晃栄産業
レゾナシープ 徳寿工作所
バイブラソニックシステム ダルトン
ソニクリーン 新東工業
ジャイロシフター 徳寿工作所
円形振動篩 メーカー多数
ターボスクリナー ターボ工業
ミクロシフター 槙野産業
装置名称 製造メーカー
ヘンシェルミキサ 三井鉱山
スーパーミキサ カワタ
リボコーン 大川原製作所
ナウタミキサー ホソカワミクロン
スパイラルピンミキサ 太平洋機工
レーディゲミキサ マツボー
タービュライザー ホソカワミクロン
サイクロミックス ホソカワミクロン
装置名称 製造メーカー
KRCニーダー 栗本鉄工所
ブス・コ・ニーダー Buss
TEM形押出機 東芝機械
TEX2軸混練機 日本製鋼所
PCM混練機 池貝鉄工所
3本ロールミル 井上製作所
ミキシングロールミル 井上製作所
ニーダー 井上製作所
ニーデックス 三井鉱山
MS式加圧型ニーダー 森山製作所
ニダールーダー 森山製作所
バンバリーミキサー 神戸製鋼所
測定試料1〜5gとシクロヘキサン100gをフラスコに入れて、スターラーで攪拌しながら3時間還流し、一晩放置後ろ過する。ろ液を150℃で1時間乾燥後、抽出物を得る。
測定装置:HLC−8120GPC(東ソー株式会社製)
40℃のヒートチャンバー中でカラムを安定化させ、この温度におけるカラムに、溶媒としてテトラヒドロフラン(THF)を毎分1mlの流速で流す。試料が結着樹脂原料の場合は、結着樹脂原料をロールミルに素通し(130℃,15分)したものを用いる。試料がトナーの場合は、トナーをTHFに溶解後0.2μmフィルターで濾過し、その濾液を試料として用いる。試料濃度として0.05〜0.6質量%に調整した樹脂のTHF試料溶液を50〜200μl注入して測定する。試料の分子量測定にあたっては、試料の有する分子量分布を、数種の単分散ポリスチレン標準試料により作製された検量線の対数値とカウント数との関係から算出する。検量線作成用の標準ポリスチレン試料としては、例えば、Pressure Chemical Co.製あるいは、東洋ソーダ工業社製の分子量が6×102,2.1×103,4×103,1.75×104,5.1×104,1.1×105,3.9×105,8.6×105,2×106,4.48×106のものを用い、少なくとも10点程度の標準ポリスチレン試料を用いるのが適当である。検出器にはRI(屈折率)検出器を用いる。
JIS K 7210にのっとり、高化式フローテスターにより測定されるものを指す。具体的な測定方法を以下に示す。高化式フローテスター(島津製作所製)を用いて1cm3の試料を昇温速度6℃/minで加熱しながら、プランジャーにより1960N/m2(20kg/cm2)の荷重を与え、直径1mm,長さ1mmのノズルを押し出すようにし、これにより、プランジャー降下量(流れ値)−温度曲線を描き、そのS字曲線の高さをhとするとき、h/2に対応する温度(樹脂の半分が流出した温度)を軟化点とする。
測定装置 :示差走査型熱量計(DSC)、MDSC−2920(TA Instruments社製)
ASTM D3418−82に準じて測定する。
測定装置 :コールターマルチサイザーIIe(ベックマン・コールター社製)
電解液としては、1級塩化ナトリウムを用いて、1%NaCl水溶液を調製する。例えば、ISOTON R II(ベックマン・コールター社製)が使用できる。測定方法としては、前記電解水溶液100乃至150ml中に分散剤として界面活性剤、好ましくはアルキルベンゼンスルホン酸塩を0.1乃至5ml加え、更に測定試料を2乃至20mg加える。試料を懸濁した電解液は、超音波分散器で約1乃至3分間分散処理を行い、前記測定装置により、アパーチャーとして100μmアパーチャーを用いて、2μm以上のトナーの体積、個数を測定して、体積分布と、個数分布とを算出した。それから、本発明に係る重量平均粒径(D4)、個数平均粒径(D1)(それぞれ各チャンネルの中央値をチャンネル毎の代表値とする)を求めた。
(結着樹脂1の製造)
プロポキシ化ビスフェノールA(2.2mol付加物):1840g
エトキシ化ビスフェノールA(2.2mol付加物):1670g
フマル酸:23g
ドデセニルコハク酸:166g
テレフタル酸:863g
イソフタル酸:431g
無水トリメリット酸:115g
上記ポリエステルモノマーを4口フラスコに仕込み、減圧装置、水分離装置、窒素ガス導入装置、温度測定装置及び攪拌装置を装着して窒素雰囲気下にて230℃に昇温して縮重合反応を行った。反応終了後容器から取り出し、冷却、粉砕してポリエステル樹脂を得た。このポリエステル樹脂を再度フラスコに入れ、140℃に昇温して溶解したところにビニル系共重合モノマー(スチレン:1622g、ブチルアクリレート:460g、マレイン酸モノブチル:138g)と重合開始剤としてベンゾイルパーオキサイドを混合したものを滴下ロートから8時間かけて滴下した。140℃に保持したまま4時間熟成して反応を行い、終了後容器から取り出し、冷却、粉砕して結着樹脂1を得た。
結着樹脂1の製造方法において、表1に示す原材料に変更したこと以外は同様にして、表1に示すような結着樹脂2〜5を得た。
プロポキシ化ビスフェノールA(2.2mol付加物):1840g
エトキシ化ビスフェノールA(2.2mol付加物):1670g
フマル酸:23g
ドデセニルコハク酸:166g
テレフタル酸:863g
イソフタル酸:431g
無水トリメリット酸:115g
上記ポリエステルモノマーを4口フラスコに仕込み、減圧装置、水分離装置、窒素ガス導入装置、温度測定装置及び攪拌装置を装着して窒素雰囲気下にて230℃に昇温して縮重合反応を行った。反応終了後容器から取り出し、冷却、粉砕してポリエステル樹脂を得た。このポリエステル樹脂をキシレン4000gと共にフラスコに入れ、140℃に昇温したところにビニル系共重合モノマー(スチレン:1622g、ブチルアクリレート:460g、マレイン酸モノブチル:138g)と重合開始剤を混合したものを滴下ロートから8時間かけて滴下した。140℃に保持したまま4時間熟成して反応を行い、終了後容器から取り出し、冷却、粉砕して結着樹脂6を得た。
結着樹脂6の製造方法において、表1に示す原材料に変更したこと以外は同様にして、表1に示すような結着樹脂8〜10を得た。
(ポリエステル樹脂A−1の製造)
1,4−ブタンジオール50モル%、コハク酸45モル%をエステル化触媒と共にオートクレーブに仕込み、還流冷却器、水分分離装置、窒素ガス導入管、温度計及び攪拌装置を付し、オートクレーブ内に窒素ガスを導入しながら230℃で縮重合反応を行った。反応の進行度合いを粘度でモニターしながら行い、反応が後期に差し掛かったところで無水トリメリット酸5モル%を加え更に反応させ、ポリエステル樹脂A−1を得た。
ポリエステル樹脂A−1の製造において、表2に示すモノマーに変更したこと以外は同様にして、表2に示すようなポリエステル樹脂A−2、3を得た。
(トナー1の製造)
結着樹脂1:100質量部
ポリエステル樹脂A−1:10質量部
磁性酸化鉄:100質量部
(平均粒径0.14μm、Hc=11.5kA/m、σs=90Am2/kg、σr=16Am2/kg)
ワックス1:5質量部
(サゾール社製 C105)
アゾ系鉄錯体:2質量部
(保土ヶ谷化学社製 T−77)
上記混合物を、130℃に加熱された二軸式エクストルーダーで溶融混練し、冷却した混合物をハンマーミルで粗粉砕した。粗粉砕物をターボミルで微粉砕し、得られた微粉末を風力分級機で分級し、質量平均粒径7μmの磁性トナーを得た。
トナー製造時の粉砕工程において、粗砕物をターボ工業社製ターボミルT250を用いて回転数9000rpmで7.5μmに粉砕する時の粗砕物のフィード量を粉砕性の指標とし、以下の評価基準に従って評価を行った結果、トナー1は28kg/hでレベルは○△であった。
○ :30kg/h以上
○△:27〜30kg/h
△ :24〜27kg/h
△×:20〜24kg/h
× :20kg/h未満
トナーサンプル10gを50ccのポリカップに計りとり、50gの重りを載せた状態で50℃の恒温槽に7日間放置した後のブロッキング性を以下の評価基準を用いて目視評価を行った結果、トナー1のレベルは○であった。
○ :全く固まっている様子がない
○△:カップを回すとすぐほぐれる
△ :塊があるが、カップを回すうちに小さくなってほぐれてくる
△×:カップを回してほぐしても塊が残る
× :大きな塊があり、カップを回してもほぐれない
3−1 低温定着性
キヤノン製デジタル複写機GP405を用いて、定着後のマクベス反射濃度計による反射濃度が0.3〜1.5になるように載り量を1〜10g/m2に調整して、80g/m2紙上に未定着画像を得る。それをGP405の外部定着器(GP405の定着器を取り出し、外部駆動及び定着器の温度制御装置をつけ、プロセススピードを200mm/sec、定着ニップ幅を5.5mmに改造したもの)を用いて、定着温度を変えて定着画像を得る。得られた画像上を4900N/m2(50g/cm2)の荷重をかけて5回摺擦した時の摺擦前後の濃度を測定することにより濃度低下率を測定した。全のり量領域で濃度低下率が25%以下となる温度を完全定着温度とし、以下の評価基準で低温定着性を評価した結果、トナー1のレベルは○であった。
○ :140℃未満で25%以下達成
○△:145〜150℃
△ :150〜155℃
△×:155〜160℃
× :160℃以上
上記画像形成装置で、定着後のトナーの載り量が7〜10g/m2になるように調整して1mm幅のライン画像を50g/m2紙上に得た後、上記3−1の試験と同じ外部定着器の設定を変更し(プロセススピード210→50mm/sec、定着ニップ幅5.5→10mm)、定着温度を変更して、未定着画像を通紙する。その時に定着ローラーにトナーがオフセットするのを目視により判定し、発生した温度を高温オフセット発生温度とした。以下の評価基準で高温オフセット性を評価した結果、トナー1のレベルは○であった。
○:良好 (240℃未満では未発生)
△:問題なし (220〜240℃未満で若干発生するが、実用上問題なし)
×:問題あり (220℃未満でもはっきりと発生し、実用上問題あり)
4−1 スリーブ汚染
キヤノン製デジタル複写機GP405を用いて、定着器からクリーニングウェッブを取り外した状態で、高温高湿下(温度35℃、湿度85%)で現像器のみを8時間回転させた後、画像印字比率3%の画像をA4サイズで連続1万枚の通紙試験を行い、耐久後の現像スリーブ上のトナーコートを掃除機及びエアブローにより除去し、目視にてスリーブ汚染を評価した。また、画像への影響もあわせて評価した。以下の評価基準でスリーブ汚染評価を行ったところ、トナー1のレベルは○であった。
○ :スリーブ上、画像上ともに問題なし
○△:スリーブ上の非画像部に若干の汚染があるが、画像上問題なし
△ :スリーブ上端部に汚染があるが、画像上問題なし
△×:スリーブ上に明らかに汚染があり、画像端部に濃度薄などが発生する
× :スリーブ上に明らかに汚染があり、画像上全面に濃度薄などが発生する
上記4−1の評価後、目視による定着ローラ汚染及び耐久後期1000枚の画像裏汚れの評価を行ったところ、トナー1のレベルは○であった。
○ :汚染なし
○△:分離爪に若干トナー付着があるがローラ上及び画像裏汚れは問題なし
△ :加圧ローラにトナー付着が見られる
△×:加圧ローラに周方向線状のトナー付着があり、紙裏にトナー汚れが転移している画 像も見られる
× :加圧ローラに周方向線状のトナー付着があり、ほとんどの紙裏に線状のトナー汚れ が見られる
トナー1の製造方法において、表3に示す原材料に変更すること以外は同様にして、トナー2〜10を得た。また、実施例1と同様な評価を行った結果、表3に示すような良好な結果が得られた。
トナー1の製造方法において、表3に示す原材料に変更すること以外は同様にして、比較用トナー1〜6を得た。また、実施例1と同様な評価を行った結果、表3に示すような結果が得られた。
Claims (6)
- 少なくとも結着樹脂、着色剤を含有するトナーにおいて、
(1)該結着樹脂がポリエステルユニットとビニル系共重合ユニットを含有し、
(2)該結着樹脂のテトラヒドロフラン(THF)可溶分のゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー(GPC)によるピーク分子量Mptが5000乃至15000、重量平均分子量Mwtが10000乃至100000、Mwt/Mntが5乃至20であり、
(3)該結着樹脂がシクロヘキサン可溶分を1乃至30%含有し、
(4)該シクロヘキサン可溶分のGPCによるピーク分子量Mpcが7000乃至20000、重量平均分子量Mwcが8000乃至80000、Mwc/Mncが5乃至20であり、
(5)Mpt<Mpcであり、
更に、脂肪族ジカルボン酸及びその誘導体、脂肪族ジオール、3価以上の多価カルボン酸及び/又は多価アルコールから選ばれる少なくとも2種以上のモノマーからなるポリエステル樹脂Aを含有する
ことを特徴とするトナー。 - 該結着樹脂中のポリエステルユニットとビニル系共重合ユニットの混合比が、50/50乃至90/10であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のトナー。
- 該結着樹脂がポリエステルユニットとビニル系共重合ユニットが化学的に結合したハイブリッド樹脂であることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載のトナー。
- テトラヒドロフラン可溶分の重量平均分子量Mwtが該シクロヘキサン可溶分の重量平均分子量Mwcよりも大きいことを特徴とする請求項1乃至3のいずれかに記載のトナー。
- 該ポリエステル樹脂Aが、結着樹脂100質量部に対して3乃至40質量部含有していることを特徴とする請求項1乃至4のいずれかに記載のトナー。
- 該トナーが着色剤として磁性体を含有することを特徴とする請求項1乃至5のいずれかに記載のトナー。
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JP2008287229A (ja) * | 2007-04-17 | 2008-11-27 | Sanyo Chem Ind Ltd | トナーバインダーおよびトナー |
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CN108351609B (zh) | 2015-11-27 | 2021-06-01 | 三洋化成工业株式会社 | 色调剂粘结剂和色调剂 |
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JP2004151441A (ja) * | 2002-10-31 | 2004-05-27 | Canon Inc | トナー、画像形成方法及び画像形成装置 |
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