JP3867196B2 - TNF−α産生阻害物質 - Google Patents
TNF−α産生阻害物質 Download PDFInfo
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- JP3867196B2 JP3867196B2 JP2001164523A JP2001164523A JP3867196B2 JP 3867196 B2 JP3867196 B2 JP 3867196B2 JP 2001164523 A JP2001164523 A JP 2001164523A JP 2001164523 A JP2001164523 A JP 2001164523A JP 3867196 B2 JP3867196 B2 JP 3867196B2
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- JP
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- Prior art keywords
- ethyl
- pyridyl
- adamantyl
- propyl
- urea
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 14
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- 125000000339 4-pyridyl group Chemical group N1=C([H])C([H])=C([*])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 8
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Classifications
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- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
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Description
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、慢性関節リウマチ等の自己免疫性疾患の治療剤として有用な新規なTNF−α産生阻害物質に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
TNF−α(Tumor Necrosis Factor-α:腫瘍壊死因子)は、炎症を通した生体防御・免疫機構に広く関わるサイトカインとして認識されており、TNF−αの持続的かつ過剰な産生は組織障害やさまざまな病気を引き起こす原因となることが知られている。例えばTNF−αが関与する病態例として、関節リウマチ、全身性エリテマトーデス(SLE)、悪液質、急性感染症、アレルギー、発熱、貧血、糖尿病など多くの病態が挙げられている(山崎、臨床免疫, 27, 1270, 1995)。また、TNF−αが自己免疫性疾患である慢性関節リウマチおよびクローン病の発症に重要な役割を果たしていることも報告されている(Andreas Eigler et al., Immunology Today, 18, 487, 1997)。
【0003】
このようなことから、TNF−αの産生を阻害または抑制する化合物は、前記疾患の治療に有効であると期待され、種々の研究がなされている(上記文献:山崎、臨床免疫, 27および 1270, 1995、Andreas Eigler et al., Immunology Today, 18)。最近では、蛋白質分解酵素であるメタロプロテアーゼがTNF−αの分泌に関与していることやメタロプロテアーゼ阻害剤がTNF−α産生阻害に重大な影響を及ぼしていることなども報告されている(特表平9−508115号)。また、特開2000−44533号および特開2000−119249号公報には、TNF−αの産生阻害作用を有する化合物が開示されているが、これらの化合物はいずれも側鎖に硫黄原子を有することを特徴とするウレア誘導体である。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
慢性関節リウマチ、アレルギー、糖尿病などの自己免疫性疾患の治療剤として有用なTNF−α産生阻害活性を有する化合物を探索することは意義深い。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者等は、種々の化学構造を有する化合物を創製して薬理試験を実施したところ、下記構造を有する新規な化合物が、優れたTNF−α産生阻害活性を有することを見出し本発明に至った。
【0006】
本発明は、
・1−[2−(1−アダマンチル)エチル]−1−ペンチル−3−[3−(4−ピリジル)プロピル]ウレア、
・1−[2−(1−アダマンチル)エチル]−3−[3−(4−ピリジル)プロピル]−1−(3,3,3−トリフルオロプロピル)ウレア、
・1−[2−(1−アダマンチル)エチル]−1−(2−ブテニル)−3−[3−(4−ピリジル)プロピル]ウレア、
・1−[2−(1−アダマンチル)エチル]−1−[2−[N−(t−ブトキシカルボニル)−N−メチルアミノ]エチル]−3−[3−(4−ピリジル)プロピル]ウレア、
・1−[3−(1−アダマンチル)プロピル]−1−プロピル−3−[3−(4−ピリジル)プロピル]ウレア、
・(Z)−1−[2−(1−アダマンチル)エチル]−1−ペンチル−3−[3−(4−ピリジル)−2−プロペニル]ウレア、
・(−)−1−[2−(1−アダマンチル)エチル]−3−[2−メチル−3−(4−ピリジル)プロピル]−1−ペンチルウレア、
・1−[2−(1−アダマンチル)エチル]−3−[1−メチル−3−(4−ピリジル)プロピル]−1−ペンチルウレア、
・(+)−1−[2−(1−アダマンチル)エチル]−1−[2−[N−(t−ブトキシカルボニル)−N−メチルアミノ]エチル]−3−[2−メチル−3−(4−ピリジル)プロピル]ウレア、
・5−(4−ピリジル)吉草酸 N−[2−(1−アダマンチル)エチル]−N−ペンチルアミド、
・3−(4−ピリジルメチルチオ)プロピオン酸 N−[2−(1−アダマンチル)エチル]−N−ペンチルアミド、
・2−[2−(4−ピリジル)エチルチオ]酢酸 N−[2−(1−アダマンチル)エチル]−N−ペンチルアミド、
・6−(4−ピリジル)カプロン酸 N−[2−(1−アダマンチル)エチル]−N−ペンチルアミド、
・cis−1−[2−(1−アダマンチル)エチル]−1−ペンチル−3−[2−(4−ピリジル)シクロプロピルメチル]ウレア
・1−[2−(1−アダマンチル)エチル]−3−[2−メチル−3−(4−ピリジル)プロピル]−1−ペンチルウレア、
・1−[2−(1−アダマンチル)エチル]−1−[2−[N−(t−ブトキシカルボニル)−N−メチルアミノ]エチル]−3−[2−メチル−3−(4−ピリジル)プロピル]ウレア、
・(E)−1−[2−(1−アダマンチル)エチル]−1−ペンチル−3−[3−(4−ピリジル)−2−プロペニル]ウレアおよび
・(+)−1−[2−(1−アダマンチル)エチル]−3−[2−メチル−3−(4−ピリジル)プロピル]−1−ペンチルウレア
よりなる群から選ばれる化合物またはその塩類(以下特記なき限り「本化合物」とする)並びにそれらを有効成分とする医薬組成物に関するものである。
【0007】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明における塩類とは医薬として許容される塩であれば特に制限はなく、塩酸、硝酸、硫酸、リン酸等の無機酸との塩、酢酸、フマル酸、マレイン酸、コハク酸、酒石酸等の有機酸との塩、また、ナトリウム、カリウム、カルシウム等のアルカリ金属またはアルカリ土類金属との塩などが挙げられる。また、本化合物の第四級アンモニウム塩も本発明における塩類に包含される。さらに、本化合物に幾何異性体または光学異性体が存在する場合には、それらの異性体も本発明の範囲に含まれる。なお、本化合物は水和物および溶媒和物の形態をとっていてもよい。
【0008】
本化合物は、それぞれ下記構造を有する。
【0009】
○1−[2−(1−アダマンチル)エチル]−1−ペンチル−3−[3−(4−ピリジル)プロピル]ウレア
【化1】
○1−[2−(1−アダマンチル)エチル]−3−[3−(4−ピリジル)プロピル]−1−(3,3,3−トリフルオロプロピル)ウレア
【化2】
○1−[2−(1−アダマンチル)エチル]−1−(2−ブテニル)−3−[3−(4−ピリジル)プロピル]ウレア
【化3】
○1−[2−(1−アダマンチル)エチル]−1−[2−[N−(t−ブトキシカルボニル)−N−メチルアミノ]エチル]−3−[3−(4−ピリジル)プロピル]ウレア
【化4】
○1−[3−(1−アダマンチル)プロピル]−1−プロピル−3−[3−(4−ピリジル)プロピル]ウレア
【化5】
○(Z)−1−[2−(1−アダマンチル)エチル]−1−ペンチル−3−[3−(4−ピリジル)−2−プロペニル]ウレア
【化6】
○(−)−1−[2−(1−アダマンチル)エチル]−3−[2−メチル−3−(4−ピリジル)プロピル]−1−ペンチルウレア
【化7】
○1−[2−(1−アダマンチル)エチル]−3−[1−メチル−3−(4−ピリジル)プロピル]−1−ペンチルウレア
【化8】
○(+)−1−[2−(1−アダマンチル)エチル]−1−[2−[N−(t−ブトキシカルボニル)−N−メチルアミノ]エチル]−3−[2−メチル−3−(4−ピリジル)プロピル]ウレア
【化9】
○5−(4−ピリジル)吉草酸 N−[2−(1−アダマンチル)エチル]−N−ペンチルアミド
【化10】
○3−(4−ピリジルメチルチオ)プロピオン酸 N−[2−(1−アダマンチル)エチル]−N−ペンチルアミド
【化11】
○2−[2−(4−ピリジル)エチルチオ]酢酸 N−[2−(1−アダマンチル)エチル]−N−ペンチルアミド
【化12】
○6−(4−ピリジル)カプロン酸 N−[2−(1−アダマンチル)エチル]−N−ペンチルアミド
【化13】
○cis−1−[2−(1−アダマンチル)エチル]−1−ペンチル−3−[2−(4−ピリジル)シクロプロピルメチル]ウレア
【化14】
○1−[2−(1−アダマンチル)エチル]−3−[2−メチル−3−(4−ピリジル)プロピル]−1−ペンチルウレア
【化15】
○1−[2−(1−アダマンチル)エチル]−1−[2−[N−(t−ブトキシカルボニル)−N−メチルアミノ]エチル]−3−[2−メチル−3−(4−ピリジル)プロピル]ウレア
【化16】
○(E)−1−[2−(1−アダマンチル)エチル]−1−ペンチル−3−[3−(4−ピリジル)−2−プロペニル]ウレア
【化17】
○(+)−1−[2−(1−アダマンチル)エチル]−3−[2−メチル−3−(4−ピリジル)プロピル]−1−ペンチルウレア
【化18】
つぎに、本化合物は例えば下記反応経路1〜3に従って製造できるが、これらの反応経路に限らず種々の反応経路によっても製造できる。なお、詳細な合成方法は後述の実施例で説明する。
【0010】
反応経路1
【化19】
アミド体(A)を還元することにより、また第1アミン(B)と脱離基を有する化合物(C)を反応させることにより、第2アミン(D)を得ることができる(なお、上記化学反応式においてR1とR2を入れ替えて合成することができる。)。同様に脱離基を有する化合物(E)と第1アミン(F)を反応させることにより第2アミン(G)を得ることができる。第1アミン(B)あるいは第2アミン(D)と、第1アミン(F)あるいは第2アミン(G)を縮合剤(H)[例えば1,1’−カルボニルジイミダゾール]の存在下で反応させれば、本化合物[2]が得られる。
【0011】
反応経路2
【化20】
第1アミン(B)あるいは反応経路1で合成した第2アミン(D)とカルボン酸(I)を縮合剤[例えば1−エチル−3−(3−ジメチルアミノプロピル)カルボジイミド塩酸塩]の存在下で反応させれば、本化合物[3]が得られる。
【0012】
上記の合成方法によって得られた化合物は、常法により前述の様な塩類とすることができる。
【0013】
上記合成方法によって得られた化合物の有用性を調べるべく、TNF−α産生阻害作用を検討した。詳細については後述の薬理試験の項で示すが、リポポリサッカライド(LPS)の刺激によって引き起こされたTNF−αの遊離に対する抑制効果をin vivo で検討した結果、本化合物は優れたTNF−α産生阻害作用を示した。
【0014】
ところで、「従来の技術」の項で説明したように、TNF−αの産生は慢性関節リウマチ、クローン病、全身エリテマトーデス等の自己免疫性疾患の発症と深く関わり合いがあることが知られており、本化合物のようにTNF−αの産生を阻害する化合物はこれらの疾患の治療に有用である。
【0015】
本化合物は経口でも、非経口でも投与することができる。投与剤型としては、錠剤、カプセル剤、顆粒剤、散剤、注射剤等が挙げられ、汎用されている技術を用いて製剤化することができる。例えば、錠剤、カプセル剤、顆粒剤、散剤等の経口剤であれば、乳糖、結晶セルロース、デンプン、植物油等の増量剤、ステアリン酸マグネシウム、タルク等の滑沢剤、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース、ポリビニルピロリドン等の結合剤、カルボキシメチルセルロース カルシウム、低置換ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース等の崩壊剤、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース、マクロゴール、シリコン樹脂等のコーティング剤、ゼラチン皮膜等の皮膜剤などを必要に応じて加えればよい。
【0016】
本化合物の投与量は症状、年令、剤型等によって適宜選択できるが、経口剤であれば通常1日当り0.1〜5000mg、好ましくは1〜1000mgを1回または数回に分けて投与すればよい。
【0017】
以下に、中間体の製造例、本化合物の製造例、製剤例および薬理試験の結果を示すが、これらの例は本発明をよりよく理解するためのものであり、本発明の範囲を限定するものではない。
【0018】
[A]中間体の製造例
製造例1
○2−(1−アダマンチル)−N−ペンチルエチルアミン 塩酸塩(中間体1−1)
メタンスルホン酸 2−(1−アダマンチル)エチルエステル(2.07g,8.01mmol)のエタノール(45.8ml)溶液に、ペンチルアミン(2.69ml,23.2mmol)、炭酸カリウム(2.14g,15.5mmol)、よう化ナトリウム(2.30g,15.3mmol)を加え、17時間加熱還流した。反応溶液を減圧濃縮し、クロロホルム(100ml)で希釈した。これを1N水酸化ナトリウム水溶液(100ml)、飽和塩化ナトリウム水溶液(100ml)で洗浄し、有機層を硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥した。溶媒を減圧留去し、シリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィーで精製した。得られた標的化合物のフリー体(1.52g,6.10mmol)の酢酸エチル(0.50ml)溶液に、4N塩化水素酢酸エチル溶液(3.1ml)を加えた。析出した固体を酢酸エチルで洗浄し、濾取すると、標的化合物1.33g(60%)が得られた。
【0019】
IR(KBr):2924,2850,2519,1456cm-1
mp:263.0−264.5℃
製造例1と同様の操作を行うことにより、以下の化合物が得られた。なお、標的化合物を塩酸塩として単離しないこともある。
【0020】
○N’−[2−(1−アダマンチル)エチル]−N−(t−ブトキシカルボニル)−N−メチルエチレンジアミン(中間体1−2)
IR(neat):3307,2902,2846,1698cm-1
○N−[2−(1−アダマンチル)エチル]−2−ブテニルアミン(中間体1−3)
IR(neat):2901,1450cm-1
○N−[2−(1−アダマンチル)エチル]−3,3,3−トリフルオロプロピルアミン 塩酸塩(中間体1−4)
IR(KBr):2910,2849,2767,2598,2457cm-1
mp:300.0−310.0℃
2−(1−アダマンチル)−N−プロピルエチルアミン(中間体1−5)
IR(neat):3276,2903,2846,1450cm-1
製造例2
○4−(3−アミノプロピル)ピリジン(中間体2−1)
N−[3−(4−ピリジル)プロピル]フタルイミド(67.1g、252mmol)
とメタノール(504ml)とヒドラジン一水和物(18.3ml、378mmol)を混ぜ、3時間加熱環流した。放冷後不溶物を濾別し、濾液を減圧濃縮した。残留物にクロロホルム(1L)と4N水酸化ナトリウム水溶液(500ml)を加え、分液後、有機層を硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥した。減圧濃縮後減圧蒸留すると、標的化合物20.5g(60%)が無色油状物として得られた。
【0021】
IR(neat):3362,2933,1603cm-1
bp:76.0−79.0℃/40Pa
製造例2と同様の操作を行うことにより、以下の化合物が得られた。
【0022】
○3−(4−ピリジル)−2−プロペニルアミン(中間体2−2)
IR(neat):3280,3024,1599cm -1
製造例3
○2−(1−アダマンチル)−N−メチルエチルアミン(中間体3−1)
水素化リチウムアルミニウム(569mg,15.0mmol)のジエチルエーテル(34.0ml)溶液に、氷冷下、1−アダマンタン酢酸N−メチルアミド(1.54g,7.45mmol)のテトラヒドロフラン(15.0ml)溶液を5分間で滴下した。6時間加熱還流した後、再び氷冷下で撹拌し、酢酸エチルを加えて過剰の水素化リチウムアルミニウムを処理した後、反応溶液を1N塩酸(50ml)で2回抽出した。抽出液を4N水酸化ナトリウム水溶液の添加で塩基性にし、ジエチルエーテル(80ml)で抽出した。有機層を飽和塩化ナトリウム水溶液(60ml)で洗浄後、硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥した。溶媒を減圧留去して、標的化合物890mg(66%)を得た。
【0023】
IR(neat):2902,2845,1449cm-1
製造例3と同様の操作を行うことにより、以下の化合物が得られた。
【0024】
なお、4N塩化水素酢酸エチル溶液により、該化合物を塩酸塩にすることもできた。
【0025】
○3−(1−アダマンチル)−N−プロピルプロピルアミン 塩酸塩(中間体3−2)
IR(KBr):2899,2467,1449cm-1
mp:159.5−162.0℃
製造例4
○5−(4−ピリジル)吉草酸(中間体4−1)
臭化(ベンジルオキシカルボニルメチル)トリフェニルホスホニウム(4.60g、9.36mmol)、β−(4−ピリジル)アクロレインしゅう酸塩(1.90g、8.51mmol)にN,N−ジメチルホルムアミド(17ml)を加え、氷冷下攪拌した。炭酸カリウム(4.70g、34.0mmol)を加え、反応溶液を室温とした。これを一夜攪拌後酢酸エチル(100ml)で希釈し、水(100ml)2回、飽和食塩水(50ml)の順で洗浄した。硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥後酢酸エチルを減圧留去した。残留物をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィーで分離精製すると、5−(4−ピリジル)吉草酸−2,4−ジエンベンジルエステル2.29g(定量的)が淡黄色油状物として得られた。
【0026】
つぎに、5−(4−ピリジル)吉草酸−2,4−ジエンベンジルエステル(2.25g、8.48mmol)にメタノール(42ml)、酢酸(1.0ml、18mmol)を加え、窒素ガスを10分間通気した。触媒量の水酸化パラジウムオンカーボンを加え、水素雰囲気下室温で一夜攪拌した。セライト濾過により不溶物を濾去した後、濾液を減圧濃縮した。固化した残留物に酢酸エチル(50ml)を加え、室温で3時間攪拌した。結晶を濾取すると、標的化合物1.00g(66%)が淡黄色結晶として得られた。
【0027】
IR(KBr):2943,1719,1636,1605cm-1
mp:155.0−180.0℃
製造例5
○(RS)−2−メチル−3−(4−ピリジル)プロピルアミン(中間体5-1)
窒素雰囲気下、水素化ナトリウム(5.36g、134mmol)にN,N−ジメチルホルムアミド(143ml)を加え、氷冷下攪拌した。メチルマロン酸ジエチルエステル(11.7g、67.1mmol)のN,N−ジメチルホルムアミド(40ml)溶液を5分間で滴下し、10分後4−塩化ピコリル塩酸塩(10.0g、61.0mmol)を少しずつ5分間かけて加え室温とした。1時間後飽和重曹水(500ml)を加え、ジエチルエーテル(400ml)で抽出した。有機層を水(100ml)飽和食塩水(50ml)で洗浄し、硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥した。減圧濃縮すると、2−メチル−2−(4−ピリジルメチル)マロン酸ジエチルエステル17.2g(定量的、水素化ナトリウムオイルを含む)が茶色油状物として得られた。
【0028】
つぎに、2−メチル−2−(4−ピリジルメチル)マロン酸ジエチルエステル(17.2g、64.6mmol)に6N塩酸(96.8ml、581mmol)を加え一夜加熱環流した。放冷後ヘキサン(100ml)で洗浄することにより2−メチル−2−(4−ピリジルメチル)マロン酸ジエチルエステルに含まれていた水素化ナトリウムオイルを除去し減圧濃縮した。生じた結晶を酢酸エチルで濾取すると、2−メチル−3−(4−ピリジル)プロピオン酸10.7g(82%)が薄ピンク色結晶として得られた。
【0029】
つぎに、2−メチル−3−(4−ピリジル)プロピオン酸(1.69g、10.2mmol)にクロロホルム(8ml)、塩化チオニル(2.2ml、30.6mmol)、N,N−ジメチルホルムアミド(1滴)を加え、攪拌しながら1時間加熱環流した。減圧濃縮後クロロホルム(8ml)を加え、氷冷下攪拌している28%アンモニア水溶液にゆっくり加えた。10分後室温とし、一夜攪拌した。減圧濃縮後酢酸エチル(100ml)を加え、生じた不溶物を濾去した。濾液を減圧濃縮し、残留物をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィーで分離精製し、生じた結晶をジエチルエーテルで濾取すると、2−メチル−3−(4−ピリジル)プロピオン酸アミド0.72g(43%)が淡黄色結晶として得られた。
【0030】
つぎに、窒素雰囲気下、水素化リチウムアルミニウム(0.45g、12mmol)に無水ジエチルエーテル(20ml)を加え氷冷下攪拌した。2−メチル−3−(4−ピリジル)プロピオン酸アミド(0.68g、4.1mmol)の無水塩化メチレン(20ml)溶液を5分間で滴下し、室温として一夜攪拌した。再び氷冷下とし、酢酸エチル(5ml)をゆっくり加え、次いで1N水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を初めはゆっくり加え、全量100ml加えた。クロロホルム(100ml)で抽出後、有機層を硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥し減圧濃縮すると、標的化合物0.56g(90%)が淡黄色油状物として得られた。
【0031】
IR(neat):3293,2957,2925,1602cm-1
製造例5と同様の操作を行うことにより、以下の化合物が得られた。また、光学活性な酸を用いて光学分割することにより、光学活性体を得ることができた。
【0032】
○(−)−2−メチル−3−(4−ピリジル)プロピルアミン(中間体5−2)
IR(neat):3362,3301,2958,1603cm-1
[α]20 D:−10.6°(MeOH,C1.0)
○(+)−2−メチル−3−(4−ピリジル)プロピルアミン(中間体5−3)
IR(neat):3362,3294,2958,1603cm-1
[α]20 D:+9.9°(MeOH,C1.0)
製造例6
○4−(3−アミノブチル)ピリジン(中間体6−1)
窒素雰囲気下、水素化ナトリウム(2.81g、70.3mmol)に無水N,N−ジメチルホルムアミド(41ml)を加え、氷水冷下撹拌した。アセト酢酸t−ブチルエステル(6.33g、40.0mmol)のN,N−ジメチルホルムアミド(20ml)溶液を10分間で滴下し、更に10分後窒素気流下として4−(クロロメチル)ピリジン塩酸塩(5.00g、30.5mmol)を少しずつ3分間で加えて室温とした。2時間後飽和重曹水(150ml)を加え、酢酸エチル(100ml)で抽出した。有機層を水(100ml)、飽和食塩水(50ml)で洗浄後、無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥した。減圧濃縮後、残留物をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィーで分離精製すると、2−アセチル−3−(4−ピリジル)プロピオン酸エチルエステル1.34g(18%)が淡黄色油状物として得られた。
【0033】
つぎに、2−アセチル−3−(4−ピリジル)プロピオン酸エチルエステル(1.20g、4.81mmol)に6N塩酸(8ml)を加え、1.5時間加熱還流した。減圧濃縮後2−プロパノール(10ml)を加え、再度減圧濃縮した。生じた固体に酢酸エチルを加え濾取すると、4−(4−ピリジル)−2−ブタノン0.79g(89%)が淡黄色固体として得られた。
【0034】
つぎに、4−(4−ピリジル)−2−ブタノン(736mg、3.96mmol)に水(12ml)、テトラヒドロフラン(1.2ml)を加え、室温で撹拌した。炭酸ナトリウム(483mg、4.56mmol)とヒドロキシルアミン塩酸塩(358mg、5.15mmol)を加え、1.5時間攪拌後酢酸エチル(50ml)を加えて希釈した。炭酸水素ナトリウムを加え分液後飽和食塩水(10ml)で洗浄した。有機層を無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥後減圧濃縮した。生じた結晶にシクロヘキサンを加え濾取すると、4−(4−ピリジル)−2−ブタノンオキシム584mg(90%)が淡黄色結晶として得られた。
【0035】
つぎに、窒素雰囲気下、水素化リチウムアルミニウム(257mg、6.77mmol)に無水エーテル(19ml)を加え、氷冷下撹拌した。4−(4−ピリジル)−2−ブタノンオキシム(556mg、3.38mmol)のエーテル(15ml)溶液を7分間で滴下後室温とし一夜撹拌した。更に二日間加熱還流後氷冷下撹拌した。酢酸エチルをゆっくり加えた後1N水酸化ナトリウム水溶液(最初はゆっくり、全20ml)を加えた。クロロホルム(80ml)を加え不溶物をセライトで濾去し、分液後クロロホルムを減圧濃縮した。残留物と水層を合わせ、テトラヒドロフラン(20ml)を加え、室温で撹拌した。炭酸ジ−t−ブチルエステル(1.48g、6.78mmol)を加え一夜撹拌した。クロロホルム(50ml)を加え抽出後無水硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥し減圧濃縮した。残留物をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィーで分離精製した。残留物に4N塩化水素酢酸エチル溶液(3ml)とエタノール(1ml)を加え室温で撹拌した。3時間後減圧濃縮し、残留物にクロロホルム(5ml)、メタノール(5ml)、トリエチルアミン(1ml)を加え減圧濃縮後、残留物を塩基性シリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィーで分離精製すると、標的化合物161mg(32%)が茶色油状物として得られた。
【0036】
IR(neat):3354,3280,2958,2925,2866,1602cm-1
[B]本化合物の製造
実施例1
○1−[2−(1−アダマンチル)エチル]−1−ペンチル−3−[3−(4−ピリジル)プロピル]ウレア(化合物1−1)
中間体2−1の4−(3−アミノプロピル)ピリジン(285mg,2.09mmol)のテトラヒドロフラン(10ml)溶液に1,1’−カルボニルジイミダゾール(427mg,2.63mmol)を加え、室温で20分間攪拌した。中間体1−1の2−(1−アダマンチル)−N−ペンチルエチルアミン塩酸塩(571mg,2.00mmol)を加え、1時間加熱還流した。酢酸エチル(50ml)で希釈し、飽和炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液(50ml)、飽和塩化ナトリウム水溶液(50ml)で洗浄後、硫酸マグネシウムを加え乾燥した。溶媒を減圧留去し、析出した固体をジイソプロピルエーテルで洗浄後濾取すると、標的化合物606mg(73%)が得られた。
【0037】
IR(KBr):2900,2845,1618,1534cm-1
mp:124.0−124.7℃
実施例1と同様の操作を行うことにより、以下の化合物が得られた。
【0038】
○1−[2−(1−アダマンチル)エチル]−3−[3−(4−ピリジル)プロピル]−1−(3,3,3−トリフルオロプロピル)ウレア(化合物1−2)
IR(KBr):3310,2900,2847,1622,1543cm-1
mp:107.5−109.0℃
○1−[2−(1−アダマンチル)エチル]−1−(2−ブテニル)−3−[3−(4−ピリジル)プロピル]ウレア(化合物1−3)
IR(KBr):3328,2900,1619cm-1
mp:89.5−93.5℃
○1−[2−(1−アダマンチル)エチル]−1−[2−[N−(t−ブトキシカルボニル)−N−メチルアミノ]エチル]−3−[3−(4−ピリジル)プロピル]ウレア(化合物1−4)
IR(neat):3350,2903,2846,1694,1633,1537cm-1
○1−[3−(1−アダマンチル)プロピル]−1−プロピル−3−[3−(4−ピリジル)プロピル]ウレア(化合物1−5)
IR(neat):3349,2901,1626,1536cm-1
○1−[2−(1−アダマンチル)エチル]−3−[2−メチル−3−(4−ピリジル)プロピル]−1−ペンチルウレア(化合物1−6)
IR(KBr):3347,2957,2902,2846,1621,1604,1539cm-1
mp:105.3−112.3℃
○1−[2−(1−アダマンチル)エチル]−1−[2−[N−(t−ブトキシカルボニル)−N−メチルアミノ]エチル]−3−[2−メチル−3−(4−ピリジル)プロピル]ウレア(化合物1−7)
IR(neat):3350,2902,2846,1694,1672,1633,1603,1537cm-1
○(Z)−1−[2−(1−アダマンチル)エチル]−1−ペンチル−3−[3−(4−ピリジル)−2−プロペニル]ウレア(化合物1−8)
IR(neat):3338,2901,2846,1625,1596,1530cm-1
○(E)−1−[2−(1−アダマンチル)エチル]−1−ペンチル−3−[3−(4−ピリジル)−2−プロペニル]ウレア(化合物1−9)
IR(KBr):3315,2900,2845,1623,1526cm-1
mp:90−118℃
○(−)−1−[2−(1−アダマンチル)エチル]−3−[2−メチル−3−(4−ピリジル)プロピル]−1−ペンチルウレア(化合物1−10)
IR(KBr):3337,2900,1616,1526cm-1
mp:103.0−104.0℃
[α]20 D:−4.6°(MeOH,C1.0)
○(+)−1−[2−(1−アダマンチル)エチル]−3−[2−メチル−3−(4−ピリジル)プロピル]−1−ペンチルウレア(化合物1−11)
IR(KBr):3336,2900,1616,1526cm-1
mp:102.9−103.5℃
[α]20 D:+4.2°(MeOH,C1.0)
○1−[2−(1−アダマンチル)エチル]−3−[1−メチル−3−(4−ピリジル)プロピル]−1−ペンチルウレア(化合物1−12)
IR(KBr):3338,2902,2847,1615,1533cm-1
mp:128.5−129.0℃
○(+)−1−[2−(1−アダマンチル)エチル]−1−[2−[N−(t−ブトキシカルボニル)−N−メチルアミノ]エチル]−3−[2−メチル−3−(4−ピリジル)プロピル]ウレア(化合物1−13)
IR(KBr):3345,2910,2848,1693,1622,1602,1538,1248cm-1
mp:122.7−123.7℃
[α]20 D:+2.8°(MeOH,C1.0)
実施例2
○5−(4−ピリジル)吉草酸 N−[2−(1−アダマンチル)エチル]−N−プロピルアミド(化合物2−1)
中間体1−5の2−(1−アダマンチル)−N−プロピルエチルアミン(0.37g、1.7mmol)、中間体4−1の5−(4−ピリジル)吉草酸(0.30g、1.7mmol)にN,N−ジメチルホルムアミド(8.4ml)を加え、室温で攪拌した。N−メチルモルホリン(0.27ml、2.5mmol)、次いで1−エチル−3−(3−ジメチルアミノプロピル)カルボジイミド塩酸塩(0.38g、2.0mmol)を加えて一夜攪拌した。反応溶液を減圧濃縮し、残留物に酢酸エチル(20ml)を加え、飽和重曹水(20ml)飽和食塩水(5ml)の順で洗浄した。硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥後酢酸エチルを減圧留去した。残留物を塩基性シリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィーで分離精製すると、標的化合物0.21g(33%)が無色油状物として得られた。
【0039】
IR(neat):2092,2846,1644,1602cm-1
実施例2と同様の操作を行うことにより、以下の化合物が得られた。
【0040】
○5−(4−ピリジル)吉草酸 N−[2−(1−アダマンチル)エチル]−N−ペンチルアミド(化合物2−2)
IR(neat):2903,2847,1736,1643,1602cm-1
○3−(4−ピリジルメチルチオ)プロピオン酸 N−[2−(1−アダマンチル)エチル]−N−ペンチルアミド(化合物2−3)
IR(neat):2903,1643,1599cm-1
○2−[2−(4−ピリジル)エチルチオ]酢酸 N−[2−(1−アダマンチル)エチル]−N−ペンチルアミド(化合物2−4)
IR(neat):2902,1635,1602cm-1
○6−(4−ピリジル)カプロン酸 N−[2−(1−アダマンチル)エチル]−N−ペンチルアミド(化合物2−5)
IR(neat):2903,1644,1602cm-1
実施例3
○cis−1−[2−(1−アダマンチル)エチル]−1−ペンチル−3−[2−(4−ピリジル)シクロプロピルメチル]ウレア(化合物3−1)
窒素雰囲気氷冷下、化合物1−8の(Z)−1−[2−(1−アダマンチル)エチル]−1−ペンチル−3−[3−(4−ピリジル)−2−プロペニル]ウレア(0.25g、0.61mmol)の無水1,2−ジクロロエタン(3ml)溶液に、ジエチル亜鉛1.0M ヘキサン溶液(3.1ml、3.1mmol)とクロロヨードメタン(0.44ml、6.1mol)を加え、1時間攪拌した。反応液に氷冷下、飽和塩化アンモニウム水溶液(10ml)を加え、20分間室温で攪拌した後、酢酸エチル(20ml)と飽和塩化アンモニウム水溶液(10ml)で分配した。有機層を飽和塩化ナトリウム水溶液(10ml)で洗浄し、無水硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥した。減圧下溶媒留去し、得られた残留物をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィーで精製することにより標的化合物9.0mg(3.5%)が無色結晶として得られた。
【0041】
IR(KBr):3340,3025,2903,2847,1617,1603,1525cm-1
mp:128.0−130.0℃
[C]製剤例
本化合物の経口剤および注射剤としての一般的な製剤例を以下に示す。
【0042】
1)錠剤
処方1(100mg中)
本化合物 1 mg
乳糖 66.4mg
トウモロコシデンプン 20 mg
カルボキシメチルセルロース カルシウム 6 mg
ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース 4 mg
ステアリン酸マグネシウム 0.6mg
上記処方の錠剤に、コーティング剤(例えば、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース、マクロゴール、シリコン樹脂等通常のコーティング剤)2mgを用いてコーティングを施し、目的とするコーティング錠を得る(以下の処方の錠剤も同じ)。また、本化合物および添加物の量を適宜変更することにより、所望の錠剤を得ることができる。
【0043】
2)カプセル剤
処方1(150mg中)
本化合物 5 mg
乳糖 145 mg
本化合物および乳糖の混合比を適宜変更することにより、所望のカプセル剤を得ることができる。
【0044】
3)注射剤
処方1(10ml中)
本化合物 10〜100 mg
塩化ナトリウム 90 mg
水酸化ナトリウム 適量
塩酸 適量
滅菌精製水 適量
本化合物および添加物の混合比を適宜変更することにより、所望の注射剤を得ることができる。
【0045】
[D]薬理試験
辻らの方法[Inflamm.res.46 (1997)193-198]に準じて、リポポリサッカライド(LPS)刺激により引き起こされたTNF−αの産生に対する抑制効果をin vivo試験で検討した。
【0046】
試験動物として体重約200g、8週齢前後の雌性ラット(一群5匹)を使用した。サルモネラ菌由来のLPSを生理食塩水に溶解してLPS溶液(1mg/ml)を調製した。被験物質を1%メチルセルロース水溶液に溶解または均一に懸濁し、被験物質調製液を得た。
【0047】
ラットに上記LPS溶液(0.5ml/kg)を足蹠投与した。LPS投与後直ちに、被験物質調製液(被験物質10mg/kgまたは3mg/kgを含む)を経口投与した。LPS投与2時間後、腹部大動脈より採血し、これを4℃、3000rpmで10分間遠心分離した。得られた血漿中のTNF−αレベルをラットTNF−α特異ELISAキットで測定した。なお、LPS−非投与群(コントロール)では血漿中にTNF−αの産生を認められなかった。
【0048】
被験物質のTNF−αの産生抑制率は、下記の式により求めた。
【0049】
【数1】
A:被験物質非投与群の血漿中のTNF−αレベル
B:被験物質投与群の血漿中のTNF−αレベル
(結果)
被験物質(10mg/kgまたは3mg/kg)をラットに経口投与したときのTNF−αの産生抑制率(%)を算出したところ、本化合物の多くは高い産生抑制率を示した。10mg/kg経口投与時の代表的な試験結果を表1に、また、3mg/kg経口投与時の代表的な試験結果を表2にそれぞれ示す。
【0050】
【表1】
【表2】
【0051】
【発明の効果】
薬理試験の結果から明らかなように、本化合物は優れたTNF−α産生阻害作用を有するので、TNF−αが関与する疾患、例えば慢性関節リウマチ、クローン病、全身エリテマトーデス等の自己免疫性疾患、悪液質、急性感染症、アレルギー、発熱、貧血、糖尿病等の治療剤として広く医薬用途に適用できる。
Claims (5)
- ・1−[2−(1−アダマンチル)エチル]−1−ペンチル−3−[3−(4−ピリジル)プロピル]ウレア、
・1−[2−(1−アダマンチル)エチル]−3−[3−(4−ピリジル)プロピル]−1−(3,3,3−トリフルオロプロピル)ウレア、
・1−[2−(1−アダマンチル)エチル]−1−(2−ブテニル)−3−[3−(4−ピリジル)プロピル]ウレア、
・1−[2−(1−アダマンチル)エチル]−1−[2−[N−(t−ブトキシカルボニル)−N−メチルアミノ]エチル]−3−[3−(4−ピリジル)プロピル]ウレア、
・1−[3−(1−アダマンチル)プロピル]−1−プロピル−3−[3−(4−ピリジル)プロピル]ウレア、
・(Z)−1−[2−(1−アダマンチル)エチル]−1−ペンチル−3−[3−(4−ピリジル)−2−プロペニル]ウレア、
・(−)−1−[2−(1−アダマンチル)エチル]−3−[2−メチル−3−(4−ピリジル)プロピル]−1−ペンチルウレア、
・1−[2−(1−アダマンチル)エチル]−3−[1−メチル−3−(4−ピリジル)プロピル]−1−ペンチルウレア、
・(+)−1−[2−(1−アダマンチル)エチル]−1−[2−[N−(t−ブトキシカルボニル)−N−メチルアミノ]エチル]−3−[2−メチル−3−(4−ピリジル)プロピル]ウレア、
・5−(4−ピリジル)吉草酸 N−[2−(1−アダマンチル)エチル]−N−ペンチルアミド、
・3−(4−ピリジルメチルチオ)プロピオン酸 N−[2−(1−アダマンチル)エチル]−N−ペンチルアミド、
・2−[2−(4−ピリジル)エチルチオ]酢酸 N−[2−(1−アダマンチル)エチル]−N−ペンチルアミド、
・6−(4−ピリジル)カプロン酸 N−[2−(1−アダマンチル)エチル]−N−ペンチルアミド、
・cis−1−[2−(1−アダマンチル)エチル]−1−ペンチル−3−[2−(4−ピリジル)シクロプロピルメチル]ウレア
・1−[2−(1−アダマンチル)エチル]−3−[2−メチル−3−(4−ピリジル)プロピル]−1−ペンチルウレア、
・1−[2−(1−アダマンチル)エチル]−1−[2−[N−(t−ブトキシカルボニル)−N−メチルアミノ]エチル]−3−[2−メチル−3−(4−ピリジル)プロピル]ウレア、
・(E)−1−[2−(1−アダマンチル)エチル]−1−ペンチル−3−[3−(4−ピリジル)−2−プロペニル]ウレアおよび
・(+)−1−[2−(1−アダマンチル)エチル]−3−[2−メチル−3−(4−ピリジル)プロピル]−1−ペンチルウレア
よりなる群から選ばれる化合物またはその塩類。 - 請求項1に記載の化合物またはその塩類を有効成分として含有する医薬組成物。
- 請求項1に記載の化合物またはその塩類を有効成分として含有するTNF−α産生阻害剤。
- 請求項1に記載の化合物またはその塩類を有効成分として含有するクローン病または全身エリテマトーデスの治療剤。
- 請求項1に記載の化合物またはその塩類を有効成分として含有する抗リウマチ剤。
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EP0903434B1 (de) | 1997-09-17 | 2002-11-27 | Lenzing Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur Behandlung von Cellulosefasern |
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