JP2021168652A - Nsclcをはじめとする肺がんおよびその他のがんに対する免疫療法において使用するための新規ペプチドおよびペプチド組み合わせ - Google Patents
Nsclcをはじめとする肺がんおよびその他のがんに対する免疫療法において使用するための新規ペプチドおよびペプチド組み合わせ Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
a)がん精巣抗原:T細胞によって認識され得る、これまでに同定された最初のTAAは、このクラスに属し、元々はがん精巣(CT)抗原と称されたが、それは、そのメンバーが組織学的に異なるヒト腫瘍において発現し、正常組織では、精巣の精母細胞/精原細胞のみに存在し、時として胎盤に存在するためであった。精巣の細胞は、クラスIおよびII HLA分子を発現しないので、これらの抗原は正常組織のT細胞によって認識され得ず、したがって免疫学的に腫瘍特異的と見なされる。CT抗原の周知の例は、MAGEファミリーメンバーおよびNY−ESO−1である。
b)分化抗原:これらのTAAは、腫瘍と、それから腫瘍が生じる正常組織との間で共有される。既知の分化抗原のほとんどは、メラノーマおよび正常メラノサイトに見られる。これらのメラノサイト系関連タンパク質の多くは、メラニン生合成に関与し、したがって腫瘍特異的でないが、それでもなおがん免疫療法のために広く利用されている。例としては、メラノーマに対するチロシナーゼとMelan−A/MART−1、または前立腺がんに対するPSAが挙げられるが、これに限定されるものではない。
c)過剰発現TAA:広範に発現されるTAAをエンコードする遺伝子は、組織学的に異なる型の腫瘍において検出され、多数の正常組織においても、概してより低い発現レベルで検出されている。正常組織によってプロセスされて潜在的に提示され得るエピトープの多くは、T細胞認識の閾値レベル未満であり得る一方で、腫瘍細胞におけるそれらの過剰発現は、先に確立された免疫寛容の破壊による抗がん応答を始動し得る。このクラスのTAAの顕著な例は、Her−2/neu、サバイビン、テロメラーゼまたはWT1である。
d)腫瘍特異的抗原:これらのユニークなTAAは、正常な遺伝子(β−カテニン、CDK4など)の変異から生じる。これらの分子変化のいくつかは、腫瘍性形質転換および/または進行と関連する。腫瘍特異的抗原は、通常、正常組織に対する自己免疫反応のリスクなしに、強力な免疫応答を誘導できる。他方、これらのTAAは、ほとんどの場合、その上でそれらが同定されたまさにその腫瘍のみと関係があり、通常は、多くの個々の腫瘍間で共有されない。腫瘍特異的(関連)イソ型があるタンパク質では、ペプチドの腫瘍特異性(または関連性)はまた、ペプチドが腫瘍(関連)エクソンに由来する場合に生じてもよい。
e)異常な翻訳後修飾から生じるTAA:このようなTAAは、腫瘍において特異的でなく過剰発現もされないタンパク質から生じてもよいが、それでもなお、腫瘍において主に活性である翻訳後プロセスによって、腫瘍関連になる。このクラスの例は、腫瘍にMUC1のような新規エピトープをもたらす改変グリコシル化パターン、または腫瘍特異的であってもなくてもよい分解中のタンパク質スプライシングのような事象から生じる。
f)オンコウイルスタンパク質:これらのTAAはウイルスタンパク質であり、それらは発がん過程において重要な役割を果たしてもよく、外来性である(ヒト由来でない)ため、それらはT細胞応答を誘起し得る。このようなタンパク質の例は、子宮頸がんにおいて発現されるヒト乳頭腫16型ウイルスタンパク質E6およびE7である。
、転写因子などの全てのタンパク質クラスに由来する分子であり得て、それはそれぞれの腫瘍細胞において発現されて、同一起源の非改変細胞と比較して、通常、上方制御される。
したがって、本発明の別の態様は、好ましくは、肺がん(NSCLCをはじめとする)、脳がん、乳がん、結腸直腸がん、食道がん、腎臓がん、肝臓がん、卵巣がん、膵臓がん、立腺がん、胃がん、メラノーマ、メルケル細胞がん、白血病(AML、CLL)の群から選択される増殖性疾患併用療法のための本発明によるペプチドの使用に関する
4)。
2)/NODALモジュレーター3(NOMO3)−NOMO1、NOMO2、およびNOMO3遺伝子は、第16染色体のpアームに位置する重複領域にある、3つの高度に類似した遺伝子である。これらの3つの遺伝子は、同一機能を有してもよい密接に関連するタンパク質をコードする。NOMO1は、皮膚T細胞リンパ腫(CTCL)細胞株HuT78において、過剰発現遺伝子として同定された(Lange et al.,2009)。NOMO1は、Nodalシグナル伝達の拮抗物質である。Nodalは、脊椎動物の発達において重要な役割を有する、トランスフォーミング増殖因子β(TGFβ)スーパーファミリーのシグナル伝達因子である(Haffner et al.,2004)。
同一性百分率=100[1−(C/R)]
式中、Cは、参照配列と比較される配列との間のアライメント長にわたる、参照配列と比較配列の間の差異の数であり、
(i)比較配列中に対応する整列塩基またはアミノ酸を有しない、参照配列中の各塩基またはアミノ酸、および
(ii)参照配列中の各ギャップ、および
(iii)比較配列中の整列塩基またはアミノ酸と異なる、参照配列中の各整列塩基またはアミノ酸が差異を構成して、
(iiii)アライメントは、整合配列の1位から開始しなくてはならず;
Rは、比較配列とのアライメント長にわたる参照配列中の塩基またはアミノ酸の数であり、参照配列中に生じる任意のギャップもまた、塩基またはアミノ酸として数えられる。
特定のアミノ酸を反応させることで化学的に修飾されてもよい。このような修飾の例は、当該技術分野で周知であり、例えば、参照により本明細書に援用される、R.Lundblad,Chemical Reagents for Protein Modification,3rd ed.CRC Press,2004(Lundblad,2004)に要約される。アミノ酸の化学修飾としては、これに限定されるものではないが(although without limitation thereto)、アシル化、アミジン化、リジンのピリドキシル化、還元アルキル化、2,4,6−トリニトロベンゼンスルホン酸(TNBS)によるアミノ基のトリニトロベンジル化、システインのシステイン酸への過ギ酸酸化によるカルボキシル基のアミド修飾およびスルフヒドリル修飾、水銀誘導体形成、その他のチオール化合物との混合ジスルフィド形成、マレイミドとの反応、ヨード酢酸またはヨードアセトアミドによるカルボキシメチル化、およびアルカリ性pHでのシアネートによるカルバモイル化による修飾が挙げられるが、これに限定されるものではない(but is not limited to)。この点において、当業者は、タンパク質の化学修飾に関するより詳細な手順について、Current Protocols In Protein Science,Eds.Coligan et al.(John Wiley and Sons NY 1995−2000)(Coligan et al.,1995)の第15章を参照されたい。
。さらなる担体としては、抗体を含有する固体疎水性ポリマーの半透性マトリックス徐放性製剤が挙げられ、そのマトリックスは、例えば、フィルム、リポソームまたは微粒子などの造形品の形態である。当業者には、例えば、投与される抗体の投与経路と濃度次第で、特定の担体がより好ましくあってもよいことが明らかであろう。
ば、自己由来腫瘍浸潤性リンパ球が、CTLを生成するために使用され得る。Plebanski et al.(Plebanski et al.,1995)は、T細胞の調製において、自己由来末梢血リンパ球(PLB)を利用した。さらに、樹状細胞をペプチドまたはポリペプチドでパルス処理する、または組換えウイルスで感染させることによる、自己由来T細胞の製造も可能である。B細胞もまた、自己由来T細胞の製造において使用され得る。さらに、ペプチドまたはポリペプチドでパルス処理された、または組換えウイルスで感染されたマクロファージが、自己CTLの調製において使用されてもよい。S.Walter et al.(Walter et al.,2003)は、人工抗原提示細胞(aAPC)を使用したT細胞の生体外プライミングを記載し、それはまた、選択されたペプチドに対するT細胞を製造するための適切な方法でもある。本発明では、ビオチン:ストレプトアビジン生化学によって、あらかじめ形成されたMHC:ペプチド複合体を表面ポリスチレン粒子(ミクロビーズ)に共役することで、aAPCが生成された。このシステムは、aAPC上のMHC密度の正確な調節を可能にし、それは、血液サンプルから高効率で、高または低結合活性の抗原特異的T細胞応答を選択的に引き起こすことを可能にする。MHC:ペプチド複合体の他に、aAPCは、それらの表面に共役する、抗CD28抗体のような共刺激活性があるその他のタンパク質を保有すべきである。さらにこのようなaAPCベースのシステムは、例えばサイトカイン様インターロイキン12などの適切な可溶性因子の付加を要することが多い。
(a)溶液中のまたは凍結乾燥形態の上述の医薬組成物を含有する容器;
(b)任意選択的に、凍結乾燥製剤のための希釈剤または再構成溶液を含有する第2の容器;および
(c)任意選択的に、(i)溶液の使用、または(ii)凍結乾燥製剤の再構成および/または使用のための取扱説明書
を含んでなるキットをさらに目的とする。
1.悪性物質からのHLAリガンドが、質量分析法によって同定された
2.ゲノム規模メッセンジャーリボ核酸(mRNA)発現解析を使用して、一連の正常器官および組織と比較して、悪性組織(肺がん)において過剰発現される遺伝子が同定された
3.同定されたHLAリガンドは、遺伝子発現データと比較された。好ましくは、ステップ2で検出されたような選択的に発現されまたは過剰発現される遺伝子によってコードされる、腫瘍組織上で過剰提示されまたは選択的に提示されるペプチドが、多重ペプチドワクチンのための適切なTUMAP候補と見なされた。
4.同定されたペプチドのTUMAPとしての妥当性を支持する追加的な証拠を同定するために、文献調査が実施された
5.mRNAレベルでの過剰発現の関連性は、ステップ3からの選択されたTUMAPの腫瘍組織上における再検出と、健常組織における検出の欠如(または希な)検出によって確認された。
6.選択されたペプチドによる生体内T細胞応答の誘導が可能かどうかを評価するために、健常ドナーならびに肺がん患者からのヒトT細胞を使用して、生体外免疫原性アッセイが実施された。
細胞表面に提示される腫瘍関連ペプチドの同定および定量化
組織サンプル
患者の腫瘍組織は、University Hospital of Heidelberg;University Hospital of Munichから得られた。正常(健常)組織は、Bio−Options Inc.,CA,USA;BioServe,Beltsville,MD,USA;Capital BioScience Inc.,Rockville,MD,USA;Geneticist Inc.,Glendale,CA,USA;University Hospital of Geneva;University Hospital of Heidelberg;Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine(KPUM);Osaka City University(OCU);University Hospital Munich;ProteoGenex Inc.,Culver City,CA,USA;University Hospital of Tubingenから入手された。
衝撃凍結組織サンプルからのHLAペプチド貯留は、わずかに修正されたプロトコル(Falk et al.,1991;Seeger et al.,1999)に従って、HLA−A*02−特異的抗体BB7.2、HLA−A、−B、−C特異的抗体W6/32、CNBr活性化セファロース、酸処理、および限外濾過を使用して、免疫沈殿によって固形組織から得られた。
得られたHLAペプチド貯留は、逆相クロマトグラフィー(nanoAcquity UPL C system、Waters)によって、それらの疎水性に従って分離され、ESI源を装着したLTQ−velosおよびfusionハイブリッド質量分光計(ThermoElectron)内で溶出ペプチドが分析された。ペプチド貯留は、毎分400nLの流速を適用して、1.7μm C18逆相材料(Waters)で充填された、分析用融合シリカマイクロキャピラリーカラム(75μm内径×250mm)上に直接挿入された。引き続いて、毎分300nLの流速で10%から33%へのBの二段階180分間二成分勾配を用いて、ペプチドが分離された。勾配は、溶媒A(水中の0.1%ギ酸)および溶媒B(アセトニトリル中の0.1%ギ酸)から構成された。nanoESI源への導入には、金被覆ガラス毛管(PicoTip、New Objective)が使用された。LTQ−Orbitrap質量分光計は、TOP5ストラテジーを使用してデータ依存モードで操作された。手短に述べると、スキャンサイクルは、Orbitrap(R=30000)内の高質量精度の完全スキャンで開始され、これもまたOrbitrap(R=7500)内の5種の最も豊富な前駆イオンのMS/MSスキャンがそれに続き、以前選択されたイオンは動的に除外された。タンデム質量スペクトルは、SEQUESTおよび追加的な手動調節によって解釈された。同定されたペプチド配列は、生成された天然ペプチド断片化パターンと、配列が同一の合成参照ペプチドの断片化パターンとの比較によって確認された。
本発明のペプチドをコードする遺伝子発現プロファイリング
正常細胞と比較した腫瘍細胞上のペプチドの過剰提示または特異的提示は、免疫療法におけるその有用性にとって十分であり、いくつかのペプチドは、それらの起源タンパク質が正常組織にもまた存在するにもかかわらず、腫瘍特異的である。それでもなお、mRNA発現プロファイリングは、免疫療法のためのペプチド標的の選択において、安全性のレベルを高めることができる。特に、アフィニティ成熟TCRなどの高い安全性リスクがある治療の選択肢では、理想的な標的ペプチドは、腫瘍に特有で正常組織上には見られないタンパク質に由来する。
外科的に除去された組織標本は、告知に基づく同意書が各患者から入手された後に、上述の通り提供された(実施例1を参照されたい)。腫瘍組織標本は、手術直後にスナップ凍結され、その後、液体窒素下で乳鉢と乳棒を用いて均質化された。全RNAは、TRI試薬(Ambion,Darmstadt,Germany)を使用してこれらのサンプルから調製され、RNeasy(QIAGEN,Hilden,Germany)による精製がそれに続き;どちらの方法も製造業者のプロトコルに従って実施された。
全ての腫瘍および正常組織RNAサンプルの遺伝子発現解析は、Affymetrix Human Genome(HG)U133AまたはHG−U133 Plus 2.0オリゴヌクレオチドマイクロアレイ(Affymetrix,Santa Clara,CA,USA)によって実施された。全てのステップは、Affymetrixマニュアルに従って実施された。簡単に述べると、二本鎖cDNAは、マニュアルに記載されるようにして、SuperScript RTII(Invitrogen)およびオリゴdT−T7プライマー(MWG Biotech,Ebersberg,Germany)を使用して、5〜8μgの全RNAから合成された。生体外転写は、U133AアレイではBioArray High Yield RNA Transcript LabellingKit(ENZO Diagnostics,Inc.,Farmingdale,NY,USA)、U133 Plus 2.0アレイではGeneChip IVT Labelling Kit(Affymetrix)を用いて実施され、cRNA断片化、ハイブリダイゼーション、そしてストレプトアビジン−フィコエリトリンとビオチン化抗ストレプトアビジン抗体(Molecular Probes,Leiden,Netherlands)とを用いた染色がそれに続いた。画像は、Agilent 2500A GeneArray Scanner(U133A)またはAffymetrix Gene−Chip Scanner 3000(U133 Plus 2.0)でスキャンされ、全てのパラメータについてデフォルト設定を使用して、GCOSソフトウェア(Affymetrix)によってデータが解析された。正規化のために、Affymetrixによって提供される100個のハウスキーピング遺伝子が使用された。相対的発現値は、ソフトウェアによって与えられるシグナルlog比から計算され、正常な腎臓サンプルが自由裁量で1.0に設定された。肺がんにおいて高度に過剰発現されまたは排他的に発現される本発明の起源遺伝子の代表的発現プロファイルは、図2に示される。さらなる例示的遺伝子の発現スコアは、表17および表18に示される。
MHCクラスI提示ペプチドの生体外免疫原性
本発明のTUMAPの免疫原性に関する情報を得るために、本発明者らは、ペプチド/MHC複合体および抗CD28抗体を負荷した人工抗原提示細胞(aAPC)によるCD8+T細胞の反復刺激に基づく、生体外T細胞プライミングアッセイを用いて研究を実施した。このようにして、本発明者らは、これまでに本発明の84個のHLA−A*02拘束性TUMAPの免疫原性を示し得て、これらのペプチドが、それに対するCD8+前駆T細胞がヒトに存在する、T細胞エピトープであることを実証した(表19)。
ペプチドMHC複合体(pMHC)および抗CD28抗体を負荷した、人工抗原提示細胞による生体外刺激を実施するために、本発明者らは、最初に、告知に基づく同意後に、University clinics Mannheim,Germanyから得られた健常ドナーのCD8ミクロビーズ(Miltenyi Biotec,Bergisch−Gladbach,Germany)を使用した正の選択を通じて、新鮮HLA−A*02白血球除去生成物からCD8+T細胞を単離した。
HLAクラスIペプチドを試験するために、ペプチド特異的T細胞株の生成によって生体外免疫原性が実証され得る。本発明の3種のペプチドの、TUMAP特異的多量体染色後の例示的フローサイトメトリー結果は、対応する陰性対照と共に図3に示される。本発明からの84種のペプチドの結果は、表19に要約される。
ペプチドの合成
全てのペプチドは、Fmocストラテジーを使用する、標準的な十分に確立された固相ペプチド合成を使用して合成された。個々のペプチドのアイデンティティーおよび純度は、質量分析および分析用RP−HPLCによって判定された。ペプチドは、純度>85%の白色から灰白色の凍結乾燥物(トリフルオロ酢酸塩)として得られた。全てのTUMAPは、好ましくはトリフルオロ酢酸塩または酢酸塩として投与され、その他の薬学的に許容可能な塩形態もまた可能である。
MHC結合アッセイ
本発明によるT細胞ベースの治療法のための候補ペプチドは、それらのMHC結合能力(親和性)についてさらに試験された。個々のペプチド−MHC複合体は、UVリガンド交換によって生成され、UV感受性ペプチドはUV照射に際して切断されて、分析される目的ペプチドで交換された。ペプチド受容性MHC分子と効果的に結合して安定化し得るペプチド候補のみが、MHC複合体の分離を防止する。交換反応の収率を判定するために、安定化MHC複合体の軽鎖(β2m)の検出に基づくELISAが実施された。アッセイは、Rodenko et al(Rodenko et al.,2006)に一般的に記載されるようにして実施された。
細胞表面に提示される腫瘍関連ペプチドの絶対定量化
抗体および/またはTCRなどのバインダーの生成は、骨の折れる方法であり、いくつかの選択された標的のみに実施されてもよい。腫瘍関連および特異的ペプチドの場合、選択基準としては、提示の排他性および細胞表面に提示されるペプチドの密度が挙げられるが、これに限定されない。実施例1に記載されるペプチドの単離および相対定量化に加えて、本発明者らは、細胞あたりの絶対的ペプチドコピー数も分析された。固形腫瘍サンプルにおける細胞あたりのTUMAPコピーの定量化は、単離されたTUMAPの絶対定量化、TUMAP単離の効率、および分析される組織サンプルの細胞数を必要とする。実験手順が以下に記載される。
質量分析によるペプチドの正確な定量化のために、内標準法を使用して、各ペプチドの検量線が作成された。内標準は、各ペプチドの二重同位体標識変異体であり、すなわち、2つの同位体標識アミノ酸がTUMAP合成に含まれた。それは、腫瘍関連ペプチドとはその質量のみが異なるが、他の物理化学的性質に差異を示さない(Anderson et al.,2012)。内標準が各MSサンプルに添加され、全てのMSシグナルは内標準のMSシグナルに対して正規化されて、MS実験間の可能な技術的変動が平準化された。検量線は、少なくとも3つの異なるマトリックス中で、すなわち、日常的MSサンプルと類似した天然サンプルからのHLAペプチド溶出液中で作成され、各調製物は二連のMS試験で測定された。評価のためには、MSシグナルが内標準のシグナルに対して正規化され、検量線がロジスティック回帰によって算出された。組織サンプルからの腫瘍関連ペプチドの定量化のためには、それぞれのサンプルにも内標準が添加され、MSシグナルが、内標準に対して正規化され、ペプチド検量線を使用して定量化された。
あらゆるタンパク質精製処理と同様に、組織サンプルからのタンパク質の単離には、目的タンパク質のいくらかの損失が伴う。TUMAP単離の効率を判定するために、絶対定量化のために選択された全てのTUMAPについて、ペプチド/MHC複合体が生成された。添加されたものを天然ペプチド/MHC複合体から識別できるように、TUMAPの単一同位体標識バージョンが使用され、すなわち、1つの同位体標識アミノ酸がTUMAP合成に含まれた。これらの複合体は、新鮮に調製された組織溶解産物に、すなわち、TUMAP単離手順の可能な限り早い時点で添加され、次に、以下の親和性精製において、天然ペプチド/MHC複合体のように捕捉された。したがって単一標識TUMAPの回収率を測定することで、個々の天然TUMAPの単離効率に関する結論が可能になる。単離効率は、少数のサンプルで分析され、これらの組織サンプル間で同等であった。対照的に、単離効率は、個々のペプチド間で異なる。これは、単離効率が、限定数の組織サンプルにおいてのみ判定されるが、任意のその他の組織標本に外挿されてもよいことを提案する。しかしながら、単離効率がペプチドからその他のペプチドに外挿されないこともあるので、各TUMAPは個別に分析する必要がある。
絶対ペプチド定量化に供した組織サンプルの細胞数を測定するために、本発明者らは、DNA含量分析を適用した。この方法は、異なる起点の幅広いサンプルに、最も重要なことには、冷凍サンプルに適用できる(Forsey and Chaudhuri,2009;Alcoser et al.,2011;Silva et al.,2013)。ペプチド単離プロトコル中に、組織サンプルは均質溶解産物に処理され、それから小さな溶解産物アリコートが取り出される。アリコートは3つに分割され、それからDNAが単離される(QiaAmp DNA Mini Kit,Qiagen,Hilden,Germany)。各DNA単離からの全DNA含有量は、蛍光ベースのDNA定量化アッセイ(Qubit dsDNA HS Assay Kit,Life Technologies,Darmstadt,Germany)を使用して、少なくとも2つの反復試験で定量化される。細胞数を計算するために、DNA標準曲線が、一連の定義された細胞数がある単一健常血液細胞のアリコートから作成された。標準曲線を利用して、全細胞含有量が、各DNA単離物からの全DNA含有量から計算される。ペプチド単離のために使用された組織サンプルの平均総細胞数は、既知の溶解産物アリコートの容量および全溶解産物容量を考慮して外挿される。
前述の実験のデータを用いて、本発明者らは、サンプルの全ペプチド量を総細胞数で除算して、それに続いて単離効率により除算することで、細胞あたりのTUMAPコピー数を算出した。選択されたペプチドの細胞コピー数は、表22に示される。
HLAクラスII T細胞増殖アッセイ
以下の実験は、選択されたMHCクラスII TUMAPのT細胞増殖アッセイの結果を要約する。試験された10個のペプチド抗原の内、9個が免疫原性について陽性と判定された。21個の評価可能なT細胞サンプルの内、11個が少なくとも1つのペプチドについて陽性応答を示した。個々のペプチド抗原は、最大6人のドナーのCD4+TT細胞増殖を刺激した。これらの数値は、同一アッセイの実行中に試験された5つの参照ペプチドの結果と同等であり、臨床ワクチンの試験設定において、大部分の患者について免疫原性が実証された。したがって、新たに試験されたペプチドは、ワクチン試験においてもまたT細胞応答を誘発する可能性が高いと結論付け得る。
健常ヒトドナーからの末梢血単核細胞(PBMC)サンプルが、HLA−DRB1対立遺伝子発現に基づいて、ProImmune細胞バンクから選択された。偽陽性応答を回避するために、使用前に、ドナー血液サンプルからCD8+T細胞を枯渇させた。残りのCD4+T細胞はCFSEで標識されて、引き続いて5μMの各選択されたペプチドと共に培養された。各ペプチドは、6つの複製ウェルで試験された。背景は、6つの非刺激対照ウェル内の各プレート上で測定された。
ドナーは、HLA−DRB1対立遺伝子発現によって選択された。その他の2つのHLAクラスII遺伝子座(DQおよびDP)は、分析に含まれていなかった。興味深いDRB1対立遺伝子は、SYFPEITHIアルゴリズム(Rammensee et al.,1999)に基づいて予測されたペプチド結合の頻度に従って選択された。HLA−DRでは、結合は、18以上のSYFPEITHI結合予測スコアによって定義された。結合についてのこの閾値スコアは、公知の公表された乱交雑HLA−DRリガンドの結合スコアの分析に基づいて定義された(表24)。
CD4+T細胞の抗原刺激増殖は、生体外免疫原性の指標と考えられ、ProImmuneから市販されるT細胞増殖アッセイで調べられた。抗原刺激されたCD4+T細胞増殖殖の程度が、背景を上回る刺激の百分率として表された。SEM=2(すなわち、背景より2標準誤差高い値)で背景を上回る0.02%刺激を超える応答は、陽性であると考えられた。
T細胞増殖分析は、陽性対照として既知の生体内免疫原がある5つのペプチドを含んだ。これらのペプチドの生体内免疫原性は、CD4T細胞の細胞内サイトカイン染色(ICS)を用いた臨床試験において、これらのペプチドでワクチン接種された患者の血液サンプルにおいて測定された。
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Claims (39)
- 以下のa)〜c)からなる群より選ばれる配列番号に示されるアミノ酸配列を含んでなるペプチドであって、30アミノ酸までの全長を有するペプチド。
a) 配列番号26
b) 配列番号24
c) 配列番号1〜23、配列番号25、配列番号27〜29、及び配列番号31〜110 - MHCクラスIまたはII分子に結合する能力を有し、前記MHCに結合すると、CD4および/またはCD8T細胞によって認識されることができる、請求項1に記載のペプチド。
- そのアミノ酸配列が、配列番号26、配列番号24、配列番号1〜23、配列番号25、配列番号27〜配列番号110のいずれか1つに記載の一続きのアミノ酸を含んでなる、請求項1又は2に記載のペプチド又はその変異体。
- 8〜100、8〜30、若しくは8〜16のアミノ酸の全長を有する、又は、配列番号26、配列番号24、配列番号1〜23、配列番号25、配列番号27〜110のいずれかに記載のアミノ酸配列からなる、若しくはそれから本質的になる、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載のペプチド又はその変異体。
- 前記ペプチドが、修飾され、及び/又は非ペプチド結合を含む、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載のペプチド又はその変異体。
- 前記ペプチドが、HLA−DR抗原関連不変鎖(Ii)のN末端アミノ酸を含んでなる融合タンパク質の一部である、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載のペプチド又はその変異体。
- 請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載のペプチド又はその変異体をエンコードする核酸であって、任意選択的に異種プロモーター配列と結合する、核酸。
- 請求項7に記載の核酸を発現する、発現ベクター。
- 請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載のペプチド、請求項7に記載の核酸、又は請求項8に記載の発現ベクターを含んでなる組換え宿主細胞、又は前記組換え宿主細胞が樹状細胞若しくは抗原提示細胞である、組換え宿主細胞。
- 医療において使用するための請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載のペプチド若しくはその変異体、請求項7に記載の核酸、請求項8に記載の発現ベクター、又は請求項9に記載の組換え宿主細胞。
- 請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載のペプチドを提示する、請求項7に記載の核酸を発現する、又は請求項8に記載の発現ベクターを有する請求項9に記載の組換え宿主細胞を培養するステップと、前記ペプチド又はその変異体を前記宿主細胞又はその培養液から単離するステップとを含んでなる、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載のペプチド又はその変異体を製造する方法。
- T細胞を適切な抗原提示細胞の表面に、または抗原提示細胞を模倣する人工コンストラクトの表面に発現される抗原負荷ヒトクラスIまたはII MHC分子に、前記T細胞を抗原特異的様式で活性化するのに十分な時間にわたり、生体外で接触させるステップを含んでなり、前記抗原が、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載のペプチドである、活性化Tリンパ球を製造するインビトロ法。
- 請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載のアミノ酸配列を含んでなるポリペプチドを提示する細胞を選択的に認識する、請求項12に記載の方法によって製造される活性化Tリンパ球。
- 患者の標的細胞を死滅させる方法であって、前記標的細胞が請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載のアミノ酸配列を含んでなるポリペプチドを提示し、請求項13に記載の活性Tリンパ球の有効数を患者に投与するステップを含む方法。
- 請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載のペプチド若しくはその変異体、又はMHC分子と結合した請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載のペプチド若しくははその変異体を特異的に認識する、抗体、又は可溶性若しくは膜結合抗体。
- がんを治療するためのまたはがん治療薬の製造における、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載のペプチド、請求項7に記載の核酸、請求項8に記載の発現ベクター、請求項9に記載の細胞、請求項13に記載の活性化Tリンパ球、または請求項15に記載の抗体の使用。
- がんが、配列番号26、配列番号24、配列番号1〜23、配列番号25、配列番号27〜配列番号110のいずれかのアミノ酸配列からなるペプチドが由来するタンパク質の過剰発現を示す、肺がん、脳がん、乳がん、結腸直腸がん、食道がん、腎がん、肝臓がん、卵巣がん、膵臓がん、前立腺がん、胃がん、メラノーマ、メルケル細胞がん、白血病(AML、CLL)、及びその他の腫瘍の群から選択される、請求項16に記載の使用。
- (a)請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載のペプチド又はその変異体、請求項7に記載の核酸、請求項8に記載の発現ベクター、請求項10に記載の組換え宿主細胞、請求項13に記載の活性化Tリンパ球、又は請求項15に記載の抗体を含有する医薬組成物を溶液中に、又は凍結乾燥形態で含んでなる容器;
(b)任意選択的に、希釈剤又は凍結乾燥製剤のための再構成溶液を含有する第2の容器;
(c)任意選択的に、配列番号26、配列番号24、配列番号1〜23、配列番号25、配列番号27〜配列番号162からなる群から選択される少なくとももう1つのペプチド;及び
(d)任意選択的に、(i)前記溶液の使用、または(ii)前記凍結乾燥製剤の再構成および/または使用のための取扱説明書を含んでなるキット。 - (iii)緩衝液、(iv)希釈剤、(V)フィルター、(vi)針、又は(V)シリンジの1つまたは複数をさらに含んでなる、請求項18に記載のキット。
- 前記ペプチドが、配列番号26、配列番号24、及び配列番号1〜23、配列番号25、配列番号27〜配列番号110からなる群から選択される、請求項18又は19に記載のキット。
- a)前記個々の患者からの腫瘍サンプルによって提示される、腫瘍関連ペプチド(TUMAP)を同定するステップと;
b)a)で同定された前記ペプチドを正常組織との比較で腫瘍における免疫原性および/または過剰提示について予備選別されたペプチド貯蔵庫と比較するステップと;
c)少なくとも1つのペプチドを前記患者において同定されたTUMAPと一致する前 記貯蔵庫から選択するステップと;
d)ステップc)に基づいて、個別化ワクチンを)調合するステップと
を含んでなる、個別化抗がんワクチンを製造する方法。 - 前記TUMAPが、
a1)前記腫瘍サンプルからの発現データを前記腫瘍サンプルの組織型に相当する正常組織サンプルからの発現データと比較して、前記腫瘍サンプルにおいて過剰発現されまたは異常に発現されるタンパク質を同定するステップと;
a2)前記発現データを前記腫瘍サンプル中のMHCクラスI/またはクラスII分子と結合するMHCリガンドの配列と相関させて、前記腫瘍によって過剰発現されまたは異常に発現されるタンパク質に由来するMHCリガンドを同定するステップとによって同定される、請求項21に記載の方法。 - 結合ペプチドを前記腫瘍サンプルから単離されたMHC分子から溶出させて、前記溶出したリガンドを配列決定することで、MHCリガンドの配列が同定される、請求項21または22に記載の方法。
- 前記腫瘍サンプルの組織型に対応する前記正常組織が、前記同一患者から得られる、請求項21〜23のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記貯蔵庫に包含される前記ペプチドが、
aa.正常組織または組織群と比較して、悪性組織において過剰発現される遺伝子を同定するステップを含んでなる、マイクロアレイまたは配列決定ベース発現プロファイリングなどの高度並列法によって、ゲノム規模メッセンジャーリボ核酸(mRNA)発現解析を実施するステップと;
ab.ステップaaで検出された、選択的に発現されまたは過剰発現される遺伝子によってコードされる、ペプチドを選択するステップと;
ac.健常ドナーまたは前記患者からのヒトT細胞を使用する生体外免疫原性アッセイを含んでなる、前記選択されたペプチドによる生体内T細胞応答の誘導を判定するステップと;または
ba.質量分析を使用してHLAリガンドを前記腫瘍サンプルから同定するステップと ;
bb.正常組織または組織群と比較して、悪性組織において過剰発現される遺伝子を同定するステップを含んでなる、マイクロアレイまたは配列決定ベース発現プロファイリングなどの高度並列法によって、ゲノム規模メッセンジャーリボ核酸(mRNA)発現解析を実施するステップと;
bc.前記同定されたHLAリガンドを前記遺伝子発現データと比較するステップと;
bd.ステップbcで検出された、選択的に発現されまたは過剰発現される遺伝子によってコードされる、ペプチドを選択するステップと;
be.ステップbdから選択されたTUMAPを腫瘍組織上で再検出し、健常組織上の検出欠如または希な検出が、mRNAレベルにおける過剰発現の関連性を裏付けるステップと;
bf.健常ドナーまたは前記患者からのヒトT細胞を使用する生体外免疫原性アッセイを含んでなる、前記選択されたペプチドによる生体内T細胞応答の誘導を判定するステップと
に基づいて同定される、請求項21〜24のいずれか一項に記載の方法。 - 前記貯蔵庫に包含される前記ペプチドの免疫原性が、生体外免疫原性アッセイ、個々のHLA結合についての患者免疫モニタリング、MHC多量体染色、ELISPOTアッセイおよび/または細胞内サイトカイン染色を含んでなる方法によって判定される、請求項21〜25のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記貯蔵庫が、配列番号26、配列番号24、及び配列番号1〜23、配列番号25、配列番号27〜29、及び配列番号31〜配列番号162からなる群から選択される複数のペプチドを含んでなる、請求項21〜26のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記個々の患者からの正常な対応する組織と比較して、前記腫瘍サンプルに特有の少なくとも1つの変異を同定するステップと、前記ワクチンへの包含のために、または細胞療法の作成のために、前記変異と関連があるペプチドを選択するステップとをさらに含んでなる、請求項21〜27のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つの変異が、全ゲノム配列決定によって同定される、請求項28に記載の方法。
- HLAリガンドと反応性であり、前記リガンドが配列番号26、配列番号24、及び配列番号1〜23、配列番号25、配列番号27〜29、及び配列番号31〜配列番号110からなる群から選択されるアミノ酸配列と少なくとも75%の同一性を有する、T細胞受容体、又は可溶性若しくは膜結合T細胞受容体。
- 前記アミノ酸配列が、配列番号26、配列番号24、及び配列番号1〜23、配列番号25、配列番号27〜29、及び配列番号31〜配列番号110と少なくとも88%同一である、請求項30に記載のT細胞受容体、又は可溶性若しくは膜結合T細胞受容体。
- 前記アミノ酸配列が、配列番号26、配列番号24、及び配列番号1〜23、配列番号25、配列番号27〜29、及び配列番号31〜配列番号110のいずれかからなる、請求項30又は31に記載のT細胞受容体、又は可溶性若しくは膜結合T細胞受容体。
- 前記T細胞受容体が可溶性分子として提供され、任意選択的に、免疫刺激ドメインまたは毒素などのさらなるエフェクター機能を保有する、請求項30〜32のいずれか一項に記載のT細胞受容体。
- 請求項30〜33のいずれか一項に記載のT細胞受容体をエンコードする核酸であって、任意選択的に異種プロモーター配列と結合する、核酸。
- 請求項34に記載の核酸を発現する能力がある、発現ベクター。
- 請求項34に記載の核酸、または請求項15に記載の抗体をコードする核酸、または請求項35に記載の発現ベクターを含んでなる宿主細胞、又は前記宿主細胞がT細胞またはNK細胞である宿主細胞。
- 請求項36に記載の宿主細胞を培養するステップと、前記T細胞受容体を前記宿主細胞および/またはその培養液から単離するステップとを含んでなる、請求項30〜33のいずれか一項に記載のT細胞受容体を製造する方法。
- a)配列番号26、配列番号24、及び配列番号1〜23、配列番号25、配列番号27〜29、及び配列番号31〜配列番号110からなる群から選択されるペプチド;
b)a)に記載のペプチドおよび/またはペプチドMHC複合体と反応性のT細胞受容 体;c)a)に記載のペプチドと、HLA−DR抗原関連不変鎖(Ii)のN末端のアミノ酸1〜80とを含んでなる融合タンパク質;
d)a)〜c)のいずれかをコードする核酸、または前記核酸を含んでなる発現ベクター;
e)d)の発現ベクターを含んでなる宿主細胞;
f)抗原特異的様式でT細胞を活性化するのに十分な時間にわたり、T細胞を適切な抗原提示細胞の表面に発現されるa)に記載のペプチドと生体外で接触させるステップを含んでなる方法、ならびに自己または他の患者にこれらの活性化T細胞を移入する方法によって得られる、活性化Tリンパ球;
g)a)に記載のペプチドおよび/またはペプチド−MHC複合体および/またはa)に記載のペプチドを提示する細胞と反応性であり、免疫活性化ドメインまたは毒素との融合によって潜在的に修飾されている、抗体、または可溶性T細胞受容体;
h)配列番号26、配列番号24、及び配列番号1〜23、配列番号25、配列番号27〜29、及び配列番号31〜配列番号110からなる群から選択されるペプチドおよび/または配列番号1〜配列番号162からなる群から選択されるペプチドとMHC分子の複合体を認識する、アプタマー;
i)a)〜h)のいずれかに記載の結合または標識ペプチドまたはスキャフォールドからなる群から選択される、少なくとも1つの活性成分と、薬学的に許容できる担体、および任意選択的に、薬学的に許容可能な賦形剤および/または安定剤とを含んでなる医薬組成物。 - 請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載のペプチド若しくはその変異体、又はMHC分子と結合する請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載のペプチド若しくははその変異体を特異的に認識する、アプタマー。
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