JP2021059687A - 多孔質体の製造方法 - Google Patents
多孔質体の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2021059687A JP2021059687A JP2019185721A JP2019185721A JP2021059687A JP 2021059687 A JP2021059687 A JP 2021059687A JP 2019185721 A JP2019185721 A JP 2019185721A JP 2019185721 A JP2019185721 A JP 2019185721A JP 2021059687 A JP2021059687 A JP 2021059687A
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Abstract
【解決手段】ここに開示される非水溶性高分子の多孔質体の製造方法は、非水溶性高分子の良溶媒および前記非水溶性高分子の貧溶媒を含有する混合溶媒に、前記非水溶性高分子が溶解した溶液を調製する工程と、前記溶液を、基材上に塗工する工程と、絶縁粒子と、バインダと、分散媒とを含有するスラリーを、前記塗工された溶液の上に塗工する工程と、前記塗工した溶液と、前記スラリーとを同時に乾燥して非水溶性高分子を多孔質化する工程と、を包含する。前記貧溶媒の沸点は、前記良溶媒の沸点よりも高い。前記分散媒は、前記非水溶性高分子を溶解可能である。
【選択図】図1
Description
Ra2=4(δD1−δD2)2+(δP1−δP2)2+(δH1−δH2)2
エチレン−ビニルアルコール共重合体(EVOH)は、モノマー単位として、エチレン単位およびビニルアルコール単位を含有する共重合体である。EVOH中のエチレン単位の含有量は、特に制限はないが、好ましくは10モル%以上であり、より好ましくは15モル%以上であり、さらに好ましくは20モル%以上であり、特に好ましくは25モル%以上である。また、EVOH中のエチレン単位の含有量は、好ましくは60モル%以下であり、より好ましくは50モル%以下であり、さらに好ましくは45モル%以下である。EVOHのけん化度は、特に制限はないが、好ましくは80モル%以上であり、より好ましくは90モル%以上であり、さらに好ましくは95モル%以上である。けん化度の上限は、けん化に関する技術的限界により定まり、例えば、99.99モル%である。なお、EVOHのエチレン単位の含有量およびけん化度は、公知方法(例、1H−NMR測定等)により求めることができる。
酢酸セルロースの好適な良溶媒としては、N,N−ジメチルホルムアミド、N,N−ジメチルアセトアミド、N−メチルピロリドン等の含窒素極性溶媒(特に含窒素非プロトン性極性溶媒);蟻酸メチル、酢酸メチル等のエステル類;アセトン、シクロヘキサノン等のケトン類;テトラヒドロフラン、ジオキサン、ジオキソラン等の環状エーテル類;メチルグリコール、メチルグリコールアセテート等のグリコール誘導体;塩化メチレン、クロロホルム、テトラクロロエタン等のハロゲン化炭化水素;炭酸プロピレン等の環状カーボネート類;DMSO等の含硫黄極性溶媒(特に含硫黄非プロトン性極性溶媒)などが挙げられる。なかでも、含硫黄非プロトン性極性溶媒が好ましく、DMSOがより好ましい。
ポリフッ化ビニリデンの好適な良溶媒としては、N,N−ジメチルホルムアミド、N,N−ジメチルアセトアミド、N−メチルピロリドン等の含窒素極性溶媒(特に含窒素非プロトン性極性溶媒);DMSO等の含硫黄極性溶媒(特に含硫黄非プロトン性極性溶媒)などが挙げられる。なかでも、含窒素非プロトン性極性溶媒が好ましく、N,N−ジメチルホルムアミドがより好ましい。
また、ガラス繊維強化エポキシ樹脂等の繊維強化樹脂などの複数の材料を用いたものを基材として用いることができる。
サンプル瓶に、エチレン−ビニルアルコール共重合体(クラレ社製「エバール L171B」:エチレン含有率27モル%、以下「EVOH」と記す)1gを秤量した。これに、良溶媒として水とn−プロピルアルコール(nPA)とを体積比7:3で含有する混合溶媒5mLと、貧溶媒としてγ−ブチロラクトン(GBL)2.1mLとを添加した。サンプル瓶を80℃〜90℃に加熱し、EVOHがこれらの溶媒に完全に溶解するまで撹拌して、EVOH溶液を得た。次いで、EVOH溶液を25℃まで冷却した。EVOH溶液を、基材としてのアルミニウム板上にキャスティングにより塗布した。このとき、塗布厚みは100μmであった。
容器に、分散媒として、水とnPAとを体積比7:3で含有する混合溶媒6mLおよびGBL1.0mLと、バインダとしてEVOH1gと、ベーマイト5gとを添加し、高速分散機ホモディスパーを用いて回転速度1000rpmで20分間撹拌して、スラリーを得た。
容器に、分散媒として、水とnPAとを体積比7:3で含有する混合溶媒5mLと、バインダとしてEVOH0.5gと、ベーマイト2.5gとを添加し、高速分散機ホモディスパーを用いて回転速度1000rpmで20分間撹拌して、スラリーを得た。
実施例1で作製したEVOH溶液とこのスラリーとを用いて、実施例1と同様にしてアルミニウム板上に薄膜を形成した。得られた薄膜の断面をSEMにて観察した結果、薄膜が、多孔質のEVOH層と、粒子間に空隙のあるベーマイト層とを有する多孔質体であることが確認できた。また、スキン層がないことが確認できた。加えて、後述の液浸透評価でも、スキン層がなく、多孔質体であることが確認できた。参考として実施例3で得られた薄膜の断面SEM写真を図3に示す。なお、スラリーの分散媒がGBLを含まなかった本実施例では、スラリー塗工の際に、スラリーの塗膜が不均一となった。
容器に、分散媒として、水とnPAとを体積比7:3で含有する混合溶媒5mLおよびGBL3mLと、バインダとしてEVOH1gと、ベーマイト5gとを添加し、高速分散機ホモディスパーを用いて回転速度1000rpmで20分間撹拌して、スラリーを得た。
実施例1で作製したEVOH溶液とこのスラリーとを用いて、実施例1と同様にしてアルミニウム板上に薄膜を形成した。得られた薄膜の断面をSEMにて観察した結果、薄膜が、多孔質のEVOH層と、粒子間に空隙のあるベーマイト層とを有する多孔質体であることが確認できた。また、スキン層がないことが確認できた。加えて、後述の液浸透評価でも、スキン層がなく、多孔質体であることが確認できた。参考として実施例4で得られた薄膜の断面SEM写真を図4に示す。
実施例1で作製したEVOH溶液を、基材としてのアルミニウム板上にキャスティングにより塗布した。
容器に、分散媒として水99gと、バインダとしてカルボキシメチルセルロース(CMC)1gと、ベーマイト5gを添加し、高速分散機ホモディスパーを用いて回転速度1000rpmで20分間撹拌して、スラリーを得た。
スラリーのベーマイトの量を5gから30gに変更した以外は実施例1と同様にして、アルミニウム板上に薄膜を形成した。得られた薄膜に対して後述の液浸透評価を行ったところ、薄膜にスキン層がなく、多孔質体であることが確認できた。
スラリーのベーマイト5gを、アルミナ(住友化学社製高純度アルミナ「AKP−3000」中心粒子径=0.53μm、BET比表面積4.5m2/g)5gに変更した以外は実施例1と同様にして、アルミニウム板上に薄膜を形成した。得られた薄膜に対して後述の液浸透評価を行ったところ、薄膜にスキン層がなく、多孔質体であることが確認できた。
薄膜の表面に有機溶媒(エタノールまたは炭酸プロピレン)を滴下して、その染み込み具合を目視で評価した。有機溶媒が薄膜の裏面まで浸透した場合には、スキン層がなく多孔質化されていると判断できる。一方、有機溶媒が浸透しない場合は、スキン層が形成されていると判断できる。
Claims (2)
- 非水溶性高分子の良溶媒および前記非水溶性高分子の貧溶媒を含有する混合溶媒に、前記非水溶性高分子が溶解した溶液を調製する工程と、
前記溶液を、基材上に塗工する工程と、
絶縁粒子と、バインダと、分散媒とを含有するスラリーを、前記塗工された溶液の上に塗工する工程と、
前記塗工した溶液と、前記スラリーとを同時に乾燥して非水溶性高分子を多孔質化する工程と、
を包含し、
前記貧溶媒の沸点が、前記良溶媒の沸点よりも高く、
前記分散媒が、前記非水溶性高分子を溶解可能である、
非水溶性高分子の多孔質体の製造方法。 - 前記スラリーの分散媒が、前記溶液に含まれる良溶媒および貧溶媒を含有する、請求項1に記載の製造方法。
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