JP2020537319A - リチウムコバルト系正極活物質、その製造方法、これを含む正極及び二次電池 - Google Patents
リチウムコバルト系正極活物質、その製造方法、これを含む正極及び二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2020537319A JP2020537319A JP2020520813A JP2020520813A JP2020537319A JP 2020537319 A JP2020537319 A JP 2020537319A JP 2020520813 A JP2020520813 A JP 2020520813A JP 2020520813 A JP2020520813 A JP 2020520813A JP 2020537319 A JP2020537319 A JP 2020537319A
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- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- lithium
- positive electrode
- active material
- electrode active
- cobalt
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- CKFRRHLHAJZIIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt lithium Chemical compound [Li].[Co] CKFRRHLHAJZIIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 229910021450 lithium metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- YQNQTEBHHUSESQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium aluminate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Al]=O YQNQTEBHHUSESQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- FDLZQPXZHIFURF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[Ti+4].[Li+] Chemical compound [O-2].[Ti+4].[Li+] FDLZQPXZHIFURF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- DTTKJBBSHUXGLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li+].[O-2].[Zn+2] Chemical compound [Li+].[O-2].[Zn+2] DTTKJBBSHUXGLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 44
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 43
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910013733 LiCo Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
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- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 17
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
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- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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Classifications
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- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/40—Nickelates
- C01G53/42—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G51/00—Compounds of cobalt
- C01G51/40—Cobaltates
- C01G51/42—Cobaltates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiCoO2
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1391—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
-
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- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/80—Particles consisting of a mixture of two or more inorganic phases
- C01P2004/82—Particles consisting of a mixture of two or more inorganic phases two phases having the same anion, e.g. both oxidic phases
- C01P2004/84—Particles consisting of a mixture of two or more inorganic phases two phases having the same anion, e.g. both oxidic phases one phase coated with the other
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
Description
LiCo1−xMxO2
前記化学式1において、MはAl、Mg、W、Mo、Zr、Ti、Fe、V、Cr、Ba、Ca及びNbからなる群から選択される1種以上であり、0≦x≦0.2である。
前記リチウムコバルト系酸化物粒子とコーティング層の界面及び前記コーティング層でLi/Coの原子比が1以上であるリチウムコバルト系正極活物質を提供する。
LiCo1−xMxO2
前記化学式1において、MはAl、Mg、W、Mo、Zr、Ti、Fe、V、Cr、Ba、Ca及びNbからなる群から選択される1種以上であり、0≦x≦0.2である。
先ず、本発明に係るリチウムコバルト系正極活物質の製造方法に対して説明する。
LiCo1−xMxO2
前記化学式1において、Mはドーピング元素であって、Al、Mg、W、Mo、Zr、Ti、Fe、V、Cr、Ba、Ca及びNbからなる群から選択される1種以上であってよく、好ましくはMg、Tiまたはこれらの組み合わせであってよい。
次いで、本発明に係るリチウムコバルト系正極活物質に対して説明する。
LiCo1−xMxO2
次いで、本発明に係る正極に対して説明する。
以下、本発明が属する技術分野で通常の知識を有する者が容易に実施できるように本発明の実施形態に対して詳しく説明する。しかし、本発明は、いくつか異なる形態に具現されてよく、ここで説明する実施例に限定されない。
LiCoO2粉末100重量部にLiAlO2粉末0.07重量部を固相混合した後、700℃で4時間熱処理し、LiCoO2上にLiAlO2がコーティングされたリチウムコバルト系正極活物質を製造した。
LiCoO2粉末100重量部にLi2ZrO3粉末0.05重量部を固相混合した後、750℃で5時間熱処理し、LiCoO2上にLi2ZrO3がコーティングされたリチウムコバルト系正極活物質を製造した。
LiCoO2粉末100重量部にLi2TiO3粉末0.05重量部を固相混合した後、750℃で5時間熱処理し、LiCoO2上にLi2TiO3がコーティングされたリチウムコバルト系正極活物質を製造した。
LiAlO2粉末の代わりに、Al2O3粉末を使用した点を除き、実施例1と同様の方法でリチウムコバルト系正極活物質を製造した。
Li2ZrO3粉末の代わりに、ZrO2粉末を使用した点を除き、実施例2と同様の方法でリチウムコバルト系正極活物質を製造した。
Li2TiO3粉末の代わりに、TiO2粉末を使用した点を除き、実施例3と同様の方法でリチウムコバルト系正極活物質を製造した。
LiCoO2粉末100重量部とLiAlO2粉末0.07重量部をエタノール溶媒に添加して混合した後、650℃で5時間熱処理し、リチウムコバルト系正極活物質を製造した。
実施例1〜3及び比較例1〜4によって製造された正極活物質を、それぞれ用いてリチウム二次電池を製造した。
Claims (9)
- 下記化学式1で表されるリチウムコバルト酸化物粒子と、酸化リチウムアルミニウム、酸化リチウムジルコニウム、及び酸化リチウムチタンからなる群から選択される1種以上のリチウム金属酸化物粒子を乾式混合して熱処理する段階を含む、リチウムコバルト系正極活物質の製造方法。
[化学式1]
LiCo1−xMxO2
前記化学式1において、MはAl、Mg、W、Mo、Zr、Ti、Fe、V、Cr、Ba、Ca及びNbからなる群から選択される1種以上であり、0≦x≦0.2である。 - 前記熱処理は、300℃から800℃で行われるものである、請求項1に記載のリチウムコバルト系正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記リチウム金属酸化物粒子は、前記リチウムコバルト酸化物粒子とリチウム金属酸化物粒子を合わせた総重量100重量部に対して、0.01から0.5重量部で混合されるものである、請求項1または2に記載のリチウムコバルト系正極活物質の製造方法。
- 下記化学式1で表されるリチウムコバルト系酸化物粒子;及び
前記リチウムコバルト系酸化物粒子上に形成され、酸化リチウムアルミニウム、酸化リチウムジルコニウム、及び酸化リチウムチタンからなる群から選択される1種以上のリチウム金属酸化物を含むコーティング層を含み、
前記リチウムコバルト系酸化物粒子とコーティング層の界面及び前記コーティング層でLi/Coの原子比が1以上である、リチウムコバルト系正極活物質:
[化学式1]
LiCo1−xMxO2
前記化学式1において、MはAl、Mg、W、Mo、Zr、Ti、Fe、V、Cr、Ba、Ca及びNbからなる群から選択される1種以上であり、0≦x≦0.2である。 - 前記正極活物質を適用した二次電池を4.5Vで充電した後、60℃で2週間保管した後に測定したコバルト溶出量が700ppm以下である、請求項4に記載のリチウムコバルト系正極活物質。
- 前記リチウム金属酸化物は、全正極活物質100重量部に対して、0.01から0.5重量部で含まれるものである、請求項4または5に記載のリチウムコバルト系正極活物質。
- 請求項4から6のいずれか一項に記載の正極活物質を含む正極。
- 請求項7に記載の正極を含むリチウム二次電池。
- 前記リチウム二次電池は、駆動電圧が4.45V以上である、請求項8に記載のリチウム二次電池。
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US11837719B2 (en) | 2023-12-05 |
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