JP2020532825A - 電気化学的活性粉末のメタライゼーションプロセス - Google Patents
電気化学的活性粉末のメタライゼーションプロセス Download PDFInfo
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- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2017年8月31日に出願された「電気化学的活性粉末のメタライゼーションプロセス」という名称の米国仮出願第62/553,067号の優先権を主張するものである。上記出願の全内容は、全ての目的のために、ここに引用して援用する。
本願は、一般に、リチウムイオン電池などの電気化学エネルギー貯蔵装置の電極を形成する電気化学的活性粉末を被覆するシステム及び方法に関する。
充電式電池は、電気エネルギーと化学ポテンシャルエネルギーとの間の可逆的な変換を介して大量の電気エネルギーを繰り返し貯蔵及び放出することを可能にする一種の電気化学エネルギー貯蔵装置である。エネルギー業界や他の消費者からのより高いエネルギー密度の電池に対する需要の増加により、充電式電池業界は主にリチウムイオン電池の使用にシフトしている。リチウムは最軽量かつ最も電気陽性の金属であるため、高エネルギー密度を必要とする電気化学エネルギー貯蔵装置に組み込む最も魅力的な要素の1つである。
本開示は、アノードのグラファイトなどの電気化学的活性電極材料を、電気化学的活性電極材料自体よりも金属めっき触媒(例えば、ELD反応のための金属触媒)により容易に付着するポリマーで被覆するための材料及び方法に関する。活性電極材料をポリマーで被覆することにより、金属めっき反応を実行するために必要な金属めっき触媒が少なくなり、より多くの量の触媒が活性電極材料に付着し、それにより、反応(例えば、ELD反応)が行われるとき、電気化学的活性電極材料上に、より薄く、より連続的で及び/又は均一な金属被覆がもたらされる。
Claims (50)
- 電気化学的活性電極材料の外面に直接結合された連続的なポリマー被覆と、
無電解堆積(ELD)反応を触媒するために連続的な前記ポリマー被覆に付着した金属触媒と、
前記金属触媒と連続的な前記ポリマー被覆を完全に覆う連続的な金属被覆と、
を含む、
電気化学的活性電極材料。 - 前記電気化学的活性電極材料は、リチウムイオン電池のアノードのための電気化学的活性材料を含む、
請求項1に記載の電気化学的活性電極材料。 - 前記電気化学的活性電極材料は、グラファイト粉末を含む、
請求項1又は2に記載の電気化学的活性電極材料。 - 前記電気化学的活性電極材料は、グラファイトメソカーボンマイクロビーズ(MCMB)を含む、
請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の電気化学的活性電極材料。 - 前記金属被覆は銅を含む、
請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の電気化学的活性電極材料。 - 前記金属触媒は、パラジウム、プラチナ、ロジウム、金、及び銀の1つ又は複数を含む貴金属を含む、
請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の電気化学的活性電極材料。 - 前記ポリマー被覆は芳香族ポリイミドを含む、
請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の電気化学的活性電極材料。 - 前記ポリマー被覆は、リチウムポリアメートを含む、
請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の電気化学的活性電極材料。 - 前記ポリマー被覆は、ジアミン及び二無水物の交互モノマー単位を含む、
請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の電気化学的活性電極材料。 - 前記ポリマー被覆は、架橋ポリ(アミック酸)アミン塩を含む、
請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の電気化学的活性電極材料。 - 前記ポリマー被覆が、熱処理された芳香族ポリ(アミック酸)を含む、
請求項1〜10のいずれか1項に記載の電気化学的活性電極材料。 - 前記ポリマー被覆は、前記電気化学的活性電極材料の1〜5重量%である、
請求項1〜11のいずれか1項に記載の電気化学的活性電極材料。 - 前記金属被覆は、前記電気化学的活性電極材料の5〜20重量%である、
請求項1〜12のいずれか1項に記載の電気化学的活性電極材料。 - 前記金属触媒は、前記電気化学的活性電極材料の0.01〜1.0重量%である、
請求項1〜13のいずれか1項に記載の電気化学的活性電極材料。 - 前記金属被覆の厚さが75〜150nmである、
請求項1〜14のいずれか1項に記載の電気化学的活性電極材料。 - 前記金属触媒は、前記ポリマー被覆の外面で不連続であり、前記ポリマー被覆上の前記金属触媒の面密度は500〜10,000粒子/μm2の間である、
請求項1〜15のいずれか1項に記載の電気化学的活性電極材料。 - 前記金属触媒は前記ポリマー被覆の外面上で連続的である、
請求項1〜16のいずれか1項に記載の電気化学的活性電極材料。 - 前記金属被覆は均一な厚さを有する、
請求項1〜17のいずれか1項に記載の電気化学的活性電極材料。 - 前記金属被覆は不均一な厚さを有するが、前記電気化学的活性電極材料の外面の間の半径方向の距離が実質的に滑らかな外面を含み、
前記金属被覆の外面は、前記電気化学的活性電極材料の外面全体の周りで実質的に同じである、
請求項1〜18のいずれか1項に記載の電気化学的活性電極材料。 - 連続的な前記金属被覆はELD反応によって形成される、
請求項1〜19のいずれか1項に記載の電気化学的活性電極材料。 - 電気化学的活性電極粉末粒子と、
前記電気化学的活性電極粉末粒子の外面に直接被覆されたポリマーと、
無電解析出(ELD)反応を触媒するためにポリマーに結合された金属触媒と、
前記金属触媒と前記ポリマーを完全に覆う連続的な金属被覆と、
を含む、
被覆された電気化学的活性電極粉末。 - 前記電気化学的活性電極粉末粒子は、1〜50μmの間の直径を有する二次粒子を含む、
請求項21に記載の被覆された電気化学的活性電極粉末。 - 前記電気化学的活性電極粉末粒子は、リチウムイオン電池のアノードのための電気化学的活性アノード材料である、
請求項21又は22に記載の被覆された電気化学的活性電極粉末。 - 前記電気化学的活性電極粉末粒子はグラファイトを含む、
請求項21〜23のいずれか1項に記載の被覆された電気化学的活性電極粉末。 - 前記ポリマーはリチウムポリアメートを含む、
請求項21〜24のいずれか1項に記載の被覆された電気化学的活性電極粉末。 - 前記ポリマーは架橋ポリ(アミック酸)アミン塩を含む、
請求項21〜25のいずれか1項に記載の被覆された電気化学的活性電極粉末。 - 前記ポリマーは、前記電気化学的活性電極粉末粒子の外面上に連続的な被覆を形成し、
粉末粒子の外面全体が前記ポリマーによって被覆されている、
請求項21〜26のいずれか1項に記載の被覆された電気化学的活性電極粉末。 - 前記電気化学的活性電極粉末の外面上の前記ポリマーの連続被覆の厚さは50〜200nmの間である、
請求項21〜27のいずれか1項に記載の被覆された電気化学的活性電極粉末。 - 前記ポリマーの連続被覆は均一な厚さを含む、
請求項21〜28のいずれか1項に記載の被覆された電気化学的活性電極粉末。 - 電極を含む電池セルであって、
前記電極は被覆された電気化学的活性電極材料を含み、
被覆された電気化学的活性カソード材料は、粉末粒子の外面上に配置されたポリマー被覆及び金属被覆の両方を有する粉末粒子を含み、
前記ポリマー被覆は、前記金属被覆と前記粉末粒子の外面の間に配置される、
電池セル。 - 前記電池セルは、リチウムイオン電池セルである、
請求項30に記載の電池セル。 - 前記電気化学的活性電極材料は、リチウムイオン電池セルのアノード用のグラファイト又は別の電気化学的活性材料を含む、
請求項30又は31に記載の電池セル。 - 前記粉末粒子は、前記粉末粒子上の前記金属被覆の無電解堆積(ELD)を触媒するために前記ポリマー被覆に付着された金属触媒をさらに含む、
請求項30〜32のいずれか1項に記載の電池セル。 - 10CのCレートでの前記電池セルの容量が、前記電池セルの最大容量の少なくとも80%である、
請求項30〜33のいずれか1項に記載の電池セル。 - 粉末粒子の外面をポリマーの連続層で被覆し、
無電解析出(ELD)反応のための触媒をポリマーに適用し、続いて低温熱処理を行い、
無電解堆積により前記触媒と前記ポリマー上に金属の連続層を堆積する、
電気化学的活性電極材料の粉末粒子をメタライゼーションする方法。 - 前記電気化学的活性電極材料はグラファイトを含む、
請求項35に記載の方法。 - 前記触媒は、パラジウム、プラチナ、ロジウム、金、及び銀のうちの1つ又は複数を含む金属触媒を含む、
請求項35又は36に記載の方法。 - 前記金属は銅を含む、
請求項35〜37のいずれか1項に記載の方法。 - 前記ポリマーは、芳香族ポリイミド、ポリ酢酸リチウム、及び架橋ポリ(アミック酸)アミン塩のうちの1つ又は複数を含む、
請求項35〜38のいずれか1項に記載の方法。 - 前記粉末粒子の外面を前記ポリマーの連続層で被覆することは、以下のうちの1つ又は複数を含む、請求項35〜39のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
前記ポリマーを溶媒に溶解してポリマー溶液を形成する、
前記ポリマー溶液を前記電気化学的活性電極材料と混合する、
前記電気化学的活性電極材料を含む前記ポリマー溶液を乾燥させて固体にする、
前記固体を粉砕して前記粉末粒子を形成する、
非溶媒で前記粉末粒子をボールミリングする、
濾過により前記非溶媒から前記粉末粒子を除去する。 - 前記触媒を前記ポリマーにアニーリングすることは、前記ポリマーが前記粉末粒子上に被覆された後に行われる、
請求項35〜40のいずれか1項に記載の方法。 - アニーリングは、以下の1つ以上を含む、請求項35〜41のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
前記粉末粒子を、前記触媒を含む溶液と混合することにより、前記ポリマーの連続層を含む前記粉末粒子上に前記触媒を堆積させる、
前記溶液から濾過することより、粉末を前記溶液から分離する、
粉末を脱イオン水でリンスする、
前記ポリマー及び堆積した前記触媒の連続層を含む前記粉末粒子を加熱する。 - 前記触媒を前記ポリマーにアニーリングすることは、
前記触媒を含む前記溶液と前記粉末粒子を混合する前に、前記ポリマーの連続層を含む前記粉末粒子を水酸化アルカリ溶液と混合することをさらに含む、
請求項35〜42のいずれか1項に記載の方法。 - 前記触媒を含む前記溶液は硝酸銀水溶液を含む、
請求項35〜43に記載の方法。 - 無電解堆積(ELD)による前記触媒及び前記ポリマー上への前記金属の連続層の堆積はELD反応を行うことを含み、
ELD反応を行うことは、以下の1つ又は複数を含む、
請求項35〜44のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
前記粉末粒子を還元溶液、還元剤、及び前記金属を含む溶液と混合する、
前記粉末粒子を、前記還元溶液、前記還元剤、及び前記金属を含有する溶液の混合物から濾過することにより分離する、
脱イオン水で前記粉末粒子をリンスする、
前記粉末粒子を乾燥して前記脱イオン水を除去する。 - ELDによる前記触媒及び前記ポリマー上への前記金属の連続層の堆積は、被覆とアニーリングの後、前記粉末粒子が前記ポリマーの連続層で被覆された後、前記触媒が前記ポリマーにアニールされた後に行われる、
請求項35〜45のいずれか1項に記載の方法。 - 金属被覆と、
電気化学的活性電極粉末の外面と連続した前記金属被覆との間に配置されたポリマー被覆と、
を含む、
被覆電気化学的活性電極粉末。 - 前記金属被覆は連続的であり、被覆された前記電気化学的活性電極粉末の外面を完全に覆う、
請求項47に記載の被覆電気化学的活性電極粉末。 - 無電解析出(ELD)反応を触媒するためにポリマーに適用された金属触媒をさらに含む、
請求47〜48のいずれか1項に記載の被覆電気化学的活性電極粉末。 - 前記金属被覆の厚さは、150nm未満である、
請求項47〜49のいずれか1項に記載の被覆電気化学的活性電極粉末。
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CN106803586B (zh) * | 2017-03-01 | 2020-04-10 | 深圳市贝特瑞纳米科技有限公司 | 一种复合正极材料、其制备方法及包含该复合正极材料的锂离子电池 |
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JP2010080221A (ja) * | 2008-09-25 | 2010-04-08 | Sekisui Chem Co Ltd | 電池用負極材料及び電池用負極 |
WO2010098452A1 (ja) * | 2009-02-27 | 2010-09-02 | 日本ゼオン株式会社 | リチウムイオン二次電池用負極活物質およびリチウムイオン二次電池 |
JP2013522820A (ja) * | 2010-03-11 | 2013-06-13 | エルジー ケム. エルティーディ. | 有機高分子−ケイ素複合体粒子及びその製造方法とそれを含む負極及びリチウム二次電池 |
JP2013008584A (ja) * | 2011-06-24 | 2013-01-10 | Sony Corp | リチウムイオン二次電池、リチウムイオン二次電池用負極、電池パック、電動車両、電力貯蔵システム、電動工具および電子機器 |
KR101288743B1 (ko) * | 2011-06-30 | 2013-07-23 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 양극 활물질, 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 |
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US20200328408A1 (en) | 2020-10-15 |
EP3676896A2 (en) | 2020-07-08 |
EP3676896A4 (en) | 2021-11-03 |
CN111373580A (zh) | 2020-07-03 |
WO2019045805A2 (en) | 2019-03-07 |
JP7116159B2 (ja) | 2022-08-09 |
KR102447390B1 (ko) | 2022-09-27 |
KR20200034006A (ko) | 2020-03-30 |
WO2019045805A3 (en) | 2019-04-11 |
US11682758B2 (en) | 2023-06-20 |
AU2018326235A1 (en) | 2020-03-05 |
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