JP2020129531A - フッ化物イオン二次電池用活物質、及びそれを用いたフッ化物イオン二次電池 - Google Patents
フッ化物イオン二次電池用活物質、及びそれを用いたフッ化物イオン二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2020129531A JP2020129531A JP2019084469A JP2019084469A JP2020129531A JP 2020129531 A JP2020129531 A JP 2020129531A JP 2019084469 A JP2019084469 A JP 2019084469A JP 2019084469 A JP2019084469 A JP 2019084469A JP 2020129531 A JP2020129531 A JP 2020129531A
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- Prior art keywords
- fluoride
- active material
- secondary battery
- ion secondary
- fluoride ion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 title claims abstract description 123
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001413 alkali metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021432 inorganic complex Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- -1 alkali metal or NH Chemical compound 0.000 abstract description 34
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 32
- XJHCXCQVJFPJIK-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Cs+] XJHCXCQVJFPJIK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 24
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 20
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 19
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 14
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 13
- 150000004673 fluoride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 10
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 7
- PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Na+] PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- 229910016509 CuF 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 229910001512 metal fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910021607 Silver chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000006115 defluorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 5
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920002845 Poly(methacrylic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010416 ion conductor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012856 weighed raw material Substances 0.000 description 4
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003411 electrode reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- NROKBHXJSPEDAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[K+] NROKBHXJSPEDAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- AHLATJUETSFVIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M rubidium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Rb+] AHLATJUETSFVIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011775 sodium fluoride Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000013024 sodium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical group O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DDFHBQSCUXNBSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(5-carboxythiophen-2-yl)thiophene-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound S1C(C(=O)O)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)S1 DDFHBQSCUXNBSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004651 carbonic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000001733 carboxylic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004292 cyclic ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000004494 ethyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009616 inductively coupled plasma Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910001506 inorganic fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium fluoride Chemical compound [Li+].[F-] PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 150000004702 methyl esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- DBJLJFTWODWSOF-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(ii) fluoride Chemical compound F[Ni]F DBJLJFTWODWSOF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOCCOC ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZXMGHDIOOHOAAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trifluoro-n-(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)methanesulfonamide Chemical compound FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ZXMGHDIOOHOAAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Difluoroethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FLVJYESYPAKKKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1-methyl-1-propylpiperidin-1-ium;fluoride Chemical compound [F-].CCC[N+]1(C)CCCCC1 FLVJYESYPAKKKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- QIJNJJZPYXGIQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1lambda4,2lambda4-dimolybdacyclopropa-1,2,3-triene Chemical compound [Mo]=C=[Mo] QIJNJJZPYXGIQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AFZZDVXJZOLVKO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 2,2-dimethylpropyl(trimethyl)azanium;fluoride Chemical compound [F-].CC(C)(C)C[N+](C)(C)C AFZZDVXJZOLVKO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyltetrahydrofuran Chemical compound CC1CCCO1 JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1COC(=O)O1 SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SBUOHGKIOVRDKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-1,3-dioxolane Chemical compound CC1COCO1 SBUOHGKIOVRDKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QYEXBYZXHDUPRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N B#[Ti]#B Chemical compound B#[Ti]#B QYEXBYZXHDUPRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl acetate Natural products CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N C60 fullerene Chemical class C12=C3C(C4=C56)=C7C8=C5C5=C9C%10=C6C6=C4C1=C1C4=C6C6=C%10C%10=C9C9=C%11C5=C8C5=C8C7=C3C3=C7C2=C1C1=C2C4=C6C4=C%10C6=C9C9=C%11C5=C5C8=C3C3=C7C1=C1C2=C4C6=C2C9=C5C3=C12 XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021594 Copper(II) fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethylenetriamine Chemical compound NCCNCCN RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015475 FeF 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021570 Manganese(II) fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910039444 MoC Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017855 NH 4 F Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910020220 Pb—Sn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000199911 Peridinium Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004962 Polyamide-imide Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910009085 Sn—Zr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002174 Styrene-butadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium nitride Chemical compound [Ti]#N NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- NVIANCROYQGROD-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(fluorosulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound FS(=O)(=O)[N-]S(F)(=O)=O NVIANCROYQGROD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N butadiene-styrene rubber Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- GWFAVIIMQDUCRA-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(ii) fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Cu+2] GWFAVIIMQDUCRA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000003983 crown ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- MHLOWQQBDOYPNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl(2-methoxyethyl)sulfanium Chemical compound CC[S+](CC)CCOC MHLOWQQBDOYPNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOC SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipotassium dioxido(oxo)titanium Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004993 emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003682 fluorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoromethane Chemical compound FC NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
[1−1.活物質の組成]
本実施形態に係る活物質は、アルカリ金属またはNH4と、遷移金属と、フッ素とを含有する複合フッ化物を含む。この活物質は、正極活物質であってもよく、あるいは、負極活物質であってもよい。
これまで、フッ化物イオン二次電池用の活物質としては、主に、単一の金属を含有する金属フッ化物(例えばMFx)が報告されている。これらの金属フッ化物は、電池の充放電に伴って、脱フッ化及びフッ化に基づくコンバージョン反応を示す。具体的には、正極活物質は、放電時に金属フッ化物から金属に脱フッ化され、充電時に金属から金属フッ化物にフッ化される。負極活物質は、放電時に金属から金属フッ化物にフッ化され、充電時に金属フッ化物から金属に脱フッ化される。
AxMFz + (z−x)e- → M + xA++ zF-
本実施形態に係る活物質の製造方法の一例を説明する。
[2−1.全体構成]
本実施形態に係る活物質は、フッ化物イオン二次電池に利用されうる。すなわち、フッ化物イオン二次電池は、正極と、負極と、フッ化物イオン伝導性を有する電解質と、を含む。
正極21は、正極集電体12と、正極集電体12の上に配置された正極活物質層13と、を含む。
負極22は、例えば、負極活物質を含有する負極活物質層17と、負極集電体16とを含む。
セパレータ14の材料の例としては、多孔膜、織布、不織布が挙げられる。不織布の例としては、樹脂不織布、ガラス繊維不織布、及び、紙製不織布が挙げられる。セパレータ14の材料は、ポリプロピレン、ポリエチレンなどのポリオレフィンであってもよい。セパレータ14の厚さは、例えば、10〜300μmである。セパレータ14は、1種の材料で構成された単層膜であってもよく、2種以上の材料で構成された複合膜(または、多層膜)であってもよい。セパレータ14の空孔率は、例えば、30〜70%の範囲にある。
電解質は、フッ化物イオン伝導性を有する材料であればよい。
図2は、フッ化物イオン二次電池20の構成例を模式的に示す断面図である。
[3−1.サンプルの作製]
以下に説明される手順により、種々のサンプルを作製した。
まず、原料として、無水フッ化セシウム(CsF)、及び無水フッ化銅(II)(CuF2)を用意した。これらの原料を、モル比がCsF:CuF2=2:1であり、総質量が7gとなるように秤量した。秤量された原料を、直径5mmのジルコニア製ボールをとともに、予めエタノールを12g入れておいた50ccのポリエチレン容器に入れ、密閉した。ここまでの作業はすべて、露点−60度以下、酸素値1ppm以下のアルゴン雰囲気のグローブボックス内で行われた。その後、容器をミックスローターの恒温槽にセットした。恒温槽の温度を60℃に設定し、回転数100rpm、10日間、容器内の原料を攪拌した。これにより、活物質のサンプル1を得た。
まず、原料として、無水フッ化ナトリウム(NaF)、及び無水フッ化ニッケル(II)(NiF2)を用意した。これらの原料を、モル比がNaF:NiF2=1:1であり、総質量が1.5gとなるように秤量した。秤量された原料をメノウ乳鉢に入れ、乾式で15分混合した。得られた混合物を直径15mmの金型で圧粉し、ペレットを得た。このペレットを、Pt箔を敷いた燃焼ボートに置き、このボートを小型電気炉に入れた。炉内の温度を300℃/時の割合で室温から600℃に昇温し、その後、600℃で5時間維持した。以上の作業はすべて、露点−60度以下、酸素値1ppm以下のアルゴン雰囲気のグローブボックス内で行われた。これにより、混合物が焼成され、活物質のサンプル4を得た。
XRD法を用いてサンプル1の相組成を分析した。その結果、サンプル1は、Cs2CuF4の単相構造を有していた。同様にして、サンプル3〜6の相組成を分析した。サンプル3は、(NH4)2CuF4の単相構造を有していた。サンプル4は、NaNiF3の単相構造を有していた。サンプル5は、RbNiF3の単相構造を有していた。サンプル6は、NaMnF3の単相構造を有していた。
[3−3−1.サンプル1〜3を用いた電池セルの作製]
正極活物質のサンプル1を用いて、評価用の電池セルを作製した。電池の作成はすべて、露点−60度以下、酸素値1ppm以下のアルゴン雰囲気のグローブボックス内で行われた。
Ag/AgCl参照極の代わりにPb/PbF2参照極を用いた点、サンプル1の代わりにサンプル4〜6を用いた点を除いて、上記の電池セルと同様の方法で、サンプル4〜6を用いた電池セルをそれぞれ作製した。
[3−4−1.サンプル1〜3を用いた電池セルの放電試験]
サンプル1〜3を用いた電池セルに対して、放電試験を行った。この試験は、25℃の恒温槽内で行われた。具体的には、正極活物質の理論容量から算出される0.01Cのレートで、作用極の電位が、第1のプラトー電位の領域から、それよりも低い第2のプラトー電位の領域に達するまで放電することによって、各電池セルの初回放電特性を評価した。具体的には、サンプル1を用いた電池セルは、作用極と参照極との電位差が−800mVに達するまで放電され、サンプル2を用いた電池セルは、電位差が−500mVに達するまで放電された。サンプル3を用いた電池セルは、電位差が−700mVに達するまで放電された。
Cs2CuF4 + 2e- ⇔ Cu + 2Cs+ + 4F-
サンプル4〜6を用いた電池セルに対して、放電試験を行った。具体的には、正極活物質の理論容量から算出される0.01Cのレートで、作用極の電位が200mVに達するまで放電した。
充放電試験を実行した後、サンプル1、2を用いた電池セルにおける電解液の色を目視にて確認した。その結果、サンプル1を用いた電池セルにおける電解液は無色透明のままであり、サンプル2を用いた電池セルにおける電解液は水色に呈色していた。この結果は、サンプル1に含有されるCsが、電解液へのCu2+の溶出を抑止することができることを示している。
CsFの代わりに無水フッ化カリウム(KF)を用いた点を除いて、サンプル1と同様の方法で、K2CuF4をサンプル7として作製した。サンプル7を用いた電池セルにおいて、電解液へのCu2+の溶出は見られなかった。
11 ケース
12 正極集電体
13 正極活物質層
14 セパレータ
15 封口板
16 負極集電体
17 負極活物質層
18 ガスケット
21 正極
22 負極
23 固体電解質
Claims (25)
- アルカリ金属またはNH4と、遷移金属と、フッ素とを含有する複合フッ化物を含む、
フッ化物イオン二次電池用活物質。 - 前記複合フッ化物は、前記アルカリ金属を含有する金属複合フッ化物である、
請求項1に記載のフッ化物イオン二次電池用活物質。 - 前記アルカリ金属は、Na、K、Rb及びCsからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種である、
請求項2に記載のフッ化物イオン二次電池用活物質。 - 前記アルカリ金属はNaまたはCsである、
請求項3に記載のフッ化物イオン二次電池用活物質。 - 前記複合フッ化物は、NH4を含有する無機複合フッ化物である、
請求項1に記載のフッ化物イオン二次電池用活物質。 - 前記遷移金属は、3d遷移金属である、
請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載のフッ化物イオン二次電池用活物質。 - 前記3d遷移金属は、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni及びCuからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種である、
請求項6に記載のフッ化物イオン二次電池用活物質。 - 前記複合フッ化物は、組成式AxMyFz(ここで、AはNa、K、Rb、Cs、またはNH4であり、MはMn、Fe、Co、Ni及びCuからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種であり、1≦x≦2、 1≦y≦2、かつ3<z<5)で表される、
請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載のフッ化物イオン二次電池用活物質。 - 前記Aは、K、Cs、またはNH4である、
請求項8に記載のフッ化物イオン二次電池用活物質。 - 前記Mは、Cuである、
請求項8または9に記載のフッ化物イオン二次電池用活物質。 - 前記活物質は、前記複合フッ化物に加えて、前記遷移金属と同種の遷移金属のフッ化物をさらに含む、
請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載のフッ化物イオン二次電池用活物質。 - 活物質を含む正極と、
負極と、
フッ化物イオン伝導性を有する電解質と、を備え、
前記活物質は、アルカリ金属またはNH4と、遷移金属と、フッ素とを含有する複合フッ化物を含む、
フッ化物イオン二次電池。 - 前記複合フッ化物は、アルカリ金属を含有する金属複合フッ化物である、
請求項12に記載のフッ化物イオン二次電池。 - 前記アルカリ金属は、Na、K、Rb及びCsからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種である、
請求項13に記載のフッ化物イオン二次電池。 - 前記アルカリ金属はCsである、
請求項14に記載のフッ化物イオン二次電池用活物質。 - 前記複合フッ化物は、NH4イオンを含有する無機複合フッ化物である、
請求項12に記載のフッ化物イオン二次電池。 - 前記遷移金属は、3d遷移金属である、
請求項12から16のいずれか一項に記載のフッ化物イオン二次電池。 - 前記3d遷移金属は、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni及びCuからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種である、
請求項17に記載のフッ化物イオン二次電池。 - 前記複合フッ化物は、組成式AxMyFz(ここで、AはNa、K、Rb、Cs、またはNH4であり、MはMn、Fe、Co、Ni及びCuからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種であり、1≦x≦2、 1≦y≦2、かつ3<z<5)で表される、
請求項12から18のいずれか一項に記載のフッ化物イオン二次電池。 - 前記Aは、K、Cs、またはNH4である、
請求項19に記載のフッ化物イオン二次電池。 - 前記Mは、Cuである、
請求項19または20に記載のフッ化物イオン二次電池。 - 前記活物質は、前記複合フッ化物に加えて、前記遷移金属と同種の遷移金属のフッ化物をさらに含む、
請求項12から21のいずれか一項に記載のフッ化物イオン二次電池用活物質。 - 充放電に伴って、前記複合フッ化物が溶解及び析出する、
請求項12から22のいずれか一項に記載のフッ化物イオン二次電池。 - 前記電解質は、前記複合フッ化物に含有される前記アルカリ金属と同種のアルカリ金属イオン、または、アンモニウムイオンを含有する、
請求項12から23のいずれか一項に記載のフッ化物イオン二次電池。 - 前記電解質は、さらに、前記複合フッ化物に含有される前記遷移金属と同種の遷移金属のイオンを含有する、
請求項24に記載のフッ化物イオン二次電池。
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