JP2019524127A - マイクロ波加熱前処理を含む加工食品の殺菌方法 - Google Patents
マイクロ波加熱前処理を含む加工食品の殺菌方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本出願のマイクロ波加熱前処理減菌及びマイルドレトルトを融合した殺菌工法を適用した野菜、肉、海産物、及びソースまたはだし汁ベースの加工食品の代表的な製造工程は次の通りである。その工程図は図1に示した。
野菜、肉、海産物の表面に付いてあるほこり、異物などの汚染物質を除去するため、先ずきれいな水で3回位洗浄した後、メニューの特性に好適な大きさに切断して原料として準備する。
選別、洗浄及び切断が終わった野菜、肉、海産物の原料は、それぞれ水の重量に対して0.01〜3.0(w/w、%)の天然抗菌剤溶液で30〜120分間浸漬した後、洗浄して用いる。この時に用いる天然抗菌剤は、有機酸、界面活性剤、バクテリオシン、カルシウム製剤などであり、原物の官能特性及び微生物の現況などを考慮し、選択的に単独でまたは混合して用いてよい。原料内に耐熱性菌などの土着菌が少ない場合、天然抗菌剤溶液への浸漬工程は省いて直ちにマイクロ波予熱減菌工程を適用してよい。
天然抗菌剤溶液への浸漬を済ませた野菜、肉、海産物の原物原料は、連続式またはバッチ式マイクロ波加熱装置を通過させて高温で短時間加熱殺菌を実施する。マイクロ波加熱時間は、原物の官能特性と微生物特性を考慮し、常圧で2〜10分の間を選択的に適用してよく、殺菌の効果を向上させるために加圧状態で加熱殺菌を実施してよい。また、マイクロ波加熱前処理工程は、殺菌効果の他にも、水またはスチームのブランチング効果を出すことができるという利点もある。
ソースまたはだし汁の原料を計量、準備して混合した後、85〜95℃で10〜30分間加熱して製造する。香辛野菜などの原料を多く用いるソースまたはだし汁の場合、原料内に耐熱性菌が多く自生しているので、選択的にマイクロ波加熱殺菌設備を通過させて前処理減菌してよい。
マイクロ波加熱前処理減菌した野菜、肉、海産物の原物とソースまたはだし汁を、メニューの特性を考慮してパウチまたはトレーに定量投入し、シール、包装する。パウチの場合は自動ロータリーパッカー設備を、トレーの場合はトレー自動包装機を利用し、重量及び異物を確認した後で包装する。
パウチまたはトレーに包装した完成品は、熱水式またはスプレー式レトルト設備を利用して110〜121℃で10〜40分間加熱殺菌する。この時の殺菌の条件は、天然抗菌剤の浸漬及びマイクロ波加熱を利用した前処理減菌を予め適用したので、既存のレトルト条件より50%内外に低減化された加熱殺菌条件を適用してよい。具体的に、110〜115℃では20〜40分加熱する低温レトルト殺菌、もしくは、121〜125℃で5〜15分、好ましくは7〜12分加熱する短期レトルト殺菌によって加熱殺菌できる。
野菜、肉、海産物のマイクロ波加熱前処理減菌処理は、対象の試料を2〜10分間それぞれ処理した後、総菌、バチルス系の耐熱性菌、酵母及びかびのような真菌類に対する殺菌の効果をそれぞれ考察した。
常温流通製品において主な殺菌目標菌であるバチルス系耐熱性菌に対するマイクロ波加熱殺菌の効果を検討してみた結果、図2に示す通り、バチルス・アミロリケファシエンス(Bacillus amyloliquenfaciens)を対象とした場合、3分以上加熱した時、102(CFU/g)内外の減菌効果を奏した。通常、加工食品内の胞子形成微生物の数は102〜103(CFU/g)なので、102(CFU/g)内外の減菌効果を奏するマイクロ波加熱を商業的な前処理殺菌方法として適用することができる。
製造例1で処理した野菜原物に対してマイクロ波加熱を単独で、また、マイルドレトルトと組み合わせて行なった後の減菌及び殺菌の効果を観察し、従来の加熱レトルトの殺菌効果と比べてその結果を表1に示した。
* 有意差検証(P<0.05)、同一英文字の有意差なし
製造例1で処理した肉及び海産物の原物に対してマイクロ波加熱を単独で、また、マイルドレトルトと組み合わせて行なった後の減菌及び殺菌の効果を観察し、従来の加熱レトルトの殺菌効果と比べてその結果を表2に示した。
* 有意差検証(P<0.05)、同一英文字の有意差なし
製造例1で天然抗菌剤に浸漬した後にマイクロ波加熱前処理減菌及びマイルドレトルトを行った野菜ベースソース(コチュジャンソース)と肉ベーススープ(クリームスープ)に対する減菌及び殺菌の効果を処理ステップ別に観察し、従来の加熱レトルトの殺菌効果と比べてその結果を表3に示した。
* 有意差検証(P<0.05)、同一英文字の有意差なし
Claims (11)
- 1)原物をマイクロ波加熱処理する前処理減菌ステップと、
2)前処理された原物を包装する包装ステップと、
3)包装された原物をレトルト殺菌する殺菌ステップと
を含む加工食品の殺菌方法。 - 前記1)ステップは、1,000〜1,700mmHgの条件で行うことである、請求項1に記載の加工食品の殺菌方法。
- 前記1)ステップは、1分〜30分間マイクロ波加熱処理することである、請求項1に記載の加工食品の殺菌方法。
- 前記1)ステップの原物は、天然抗菌剤溶液に浸漬処理された原物であるものである、請求項1に記載の加工食品の殺菌方法。
- 前記天然抗菌剤溶液は、有機酸、界面活性剤、バクテリオシン、カルシウム製剤のうちいずれか一つ以上の天然抗菌剤を含むものである、請求項4に記載の加工食品の殺菌方法。
- 前記天然抗菌剤溶液は、天然抗菌剤を0.01〜3.0重量%含むものである、請求項4に記載の加工食品の殺菌方法。
- 前記2)ステップは、原物をソースまたはだし汁とともに包装することである、請求項1に記載の加工食品の殺菌方法。
- 前記ソースまたはだし汁は、マイクロ波加熱によって前処理されたものである、請求項7に記載の加工食品の殺菌方法。
- 前記3)ステップのレトルト殺菌は、110〜115℃で20〜40分実施することである、請求項1に記載の加工食品の殺菌方法。
- 前記3)ステップのレトルト殺菌は、121〜125℃で5〜15分実施することである、請求項1に記載の加工食品の殺菌方法。
- 前記加工食品は、常温流通用のものである、請求項1に記載の加工食品の殺菌方法。
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