JP2018503628A - ウシの健康のための、25−ヒドロキシビタミンdおよび抗酸化剤/抗炎症剤の組合せ - Google Patents
ウシの健康のための、25−ヒドロキシビタミンdおよび抗酸化剤/抗炎症剤の組合せ Download PDFInfo
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- JP2018503628A JP2018503628A JP2017534819A JP2017534819A JP2018503628A JP 2018503628 A JP2018503628 A JP 2018503628A JP 2017534819 A JP2017534819 A JP 2017534819A JP 2017534819 A JP2017534819 A JP 2017534819A JP 2018503628 A JP2018503628 A JP 2018503628A
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、ウシ飼料に用いる25−ヒドロキシビタミンD(「25−OH D3」および/または「25−OH D2」)および抗酸化剤/抗炎症剤(アスコルビン酸、ビタミンE、およびカロテノイド)の組合せに関する。栄養補助剤の本組合せは、卵巣の健康および健康的な循環17−βエストラジオールレベルに寄与するので、搾乳牛の生産寿命を長くし得る。
卵巣疾患についての一動物モデルは、家禽である。家畜の産卵雌鶏は、高い罹患率で卵巣癌を発病するおそれがある。Johnson et al 2013 Nature 13:432−436、およびWalzem et al 2014 Advances in Nutrition 5:199−206参照。雌鶏の卵巣癌の進行、ならびに転移成長および腹水の位置は、女性で観察されるものと類似している。
本発明に従って、25−ヒドロキシビタミンD(25−OH D3および/または25−OH D2)および抗酸化剤/抗炎症剤の組合せは、家禽において、卵巣の健康、特に多嚢胞性卵巣症候群に有益であり得ることが見出された。ウシ、特に乳牛は、類似した疾患、嚢胞性卵巣疾患(COD)を患うので、本発明の一態様は、ウシのCODを予防し、処置し、かつ/または改善するための、25−OH Dおよび抗酸化剤/抗炎症剤の使用である。
本発明の別の態様は、
a)25−OH D、
b)リコピン、アスタキサンチン、クリプトキサンチン、ベータ−カロテン、ルテイン、ゼアキサンチン、およびカンタキサンチンからなる群から選択されるカロテノイド、
c)ビタミンE、
d)アスコルビン酸、
の組合せであり、
e)場合によってはさらに、
ビタミンD、ビタミンB2、ビオチン、ビタミンB6、ナイアシン、亜鉛、銅、マンガン、およびセレンからなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの更なる生物活性成分を含む。好ましくは、25−OH Dは、卵巣の健康を増強するための、ウシ飼料への添加用の25−OH D3である。好ましくは、少なくともビタミンDは、更なる生物活性成分である。時折、更なる生物活性成分として、少なくともビタミンDおよびセレンが挙げられる。場合によっては、全ての更なる生物活性成分が加えられる。
本発明の別の態様が、25−OH D、ビタミンE、アスコルビン酸、および上述のカロテノイドの1つまたは複数の組合せを含む、ウシ飼料用のプレミックスである。好ましくは、25−OH Dは、25−OH D3である。プレミックスおよび以降の栄養補助剤は、卵巣と関連する有害な症状、好ましくはCODを向上させる/改善する。一部の実施形態において、プレミックスまたは以降の栄養補助剤はまた、
ビタミンD、ビタミンB2、ビタミンB6、ナイアシン、亜鉛、銅、マンガン、セレン、およびそれらの組合せからなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの更なる生物活性成分を含む。時折、更なる生物活性成分として、少なくともビタミンDおよびセレンが挙げられる。場合によっては、全ての更なる生物活性成分が加えられる。
本発明に従って、25−OH D3、ビタミンE、本発明の1つまたは複数のカロテノイド、およびアスコルビン酸を含む飼料の使用が、卵巣の健康に特異的に関与することが見出された。
本発明に従って、25−ヒドロキシビタミンD(25−OH D3および/または25−OH D2)および抗酸化剤/抗炎症剤の組合せが、17−βエストラジオールレベルの低下を改善することが見出された。
本発明の一態様において、本発明の25−OH D3および抗酸化剤/抗炎症剤の組合せは、ビタミン欠乏個体ではなくビタミン充実個体に投与される。ビタミン充実状態は、好ましくは、少なくとも最小量のビタミンおよびミネラルをヒトに供給する、バランスのよい食事に起因する。ゆえに、本発明の組合せは好ましくは、基本の食事に加えて用いられる。
25−OH D3:2500〜40000IU、好ましくは25000IU
ビタミンE:4000mg
アスコルビン酸:250〜500mg、好ましくは500
クリプトキサンチン:10mg
25−OH D3:2500〜40000IU、好ましくは30000IU
ビタミンE:1000mg
アスコルビン酸:250〜500mg、好ましくは500
ルテイン:500〜800mg
(場合により)ゼアキサンチン:6mg
25−OH D3:2500〜40000IU、好ましくは30000IU
ビタミンE:1000〜3000mg
アスコルビン酸:250〜500mg
リコピン:20mg
25−OH D3:2500〜40000IU、好ましくは25000IU
ビタミンE:200〜600mg、好ましくは300〜500mg
アスコルビン酸:250〜500mg、好ましくは500
アスタキサンチン:20mg
25−OH D3:2500〜40000IU、好ましくは30000IU
ビタミンE:200〜600mg、好ましくは300〜500mg
アスコルビン酸:250〜500mg、好ましくは500
ベータ−カロテン:500〜800mg
先に記載される栄養補助剤、食物補助剤、または医薬組成物のそれぞれに、追加成分の少なくとも1つが加えられてよい。以下の成分の好ましくは少なくとも1つ、より好ましくは複数が加えられる。他の実施形態において、以下の成分の全てが加えられる。
ビタミンD3:ビタミンD3の量は、1〜100μg/日;好ましくは1〜50μg/日;より好ましくは5〜25μg/日に及んでよい。
ビタミンB2:ビタミンB2の量は、0.5〜300mg/日;好ましくは5〜100mg/日;より好ましくは10〜50mg/日に及んでよい。
ナイアシン:ナイアシンの量は、1〜300mg/日;好ましくは5〜100mg/日;より好ましくは10〜50mg/日に及んでよい。
パントテン酸:パントテン酸の量は、1〜300mg/日;好ましくは5〜100mg/日;より好ましくは10〜50mg/日に及んでよい。
葉酸:葉酸の量は、50〜100μg/日;好ましくは400〜800μg/日;より好ましくは400〜600μg/日に及んでよい。
ビオチン:ビオチンの量は、5μgから10mg/日;好ましくは30μg〜5mg/日;より好ましくは0.1〜1mg/日に及んでよい。
亜鉛:亜鉛の量は、1〜40mg/日;好ましくは5〜40mg/日;より好ましくは10〜20mg/日に及んでよい。
銅:銅の量は、0.4〜10mg/日;好ましくは0.7〜5mg/日;より好ましくは0.9〜3mg/日に及んでよい。
マンガン:マンガンの量は、1〜10mg/日;好ましくは1〜5mg/日;より好ましくは1〜3mg/日に及んでよい。
セレン:セレンの量は、20〜400μg/日;好ましくは50〜200μg/日;より好ましくは50〜100μg/日に及んでよい。
[実施例1]
合計30羽の45週齢のブロイラー畜種雌鶏(ROSS 308)を、研究用に市販されている群れから得た。ブロイラー畜種産卵用の基礎飼料を、表1に示すように配合した。算出した栄養組成を、表2に示す。
基礎飼料−摂食制限(140g/日)
基礎飼料−不断給餌による
基礎飼料−不断給餌による+69mcg/飼料kgの25−OH−D3+抗酸化剤/抗炎症剤
[結果および考察]
[25ヒドロキシD3および抗酸化剤/抗炎症剤は、死亡率を低くし、かつ産卵、卵巣の形態、および血漿17βエストラジオールレベルを向上させた]
エストラジオールの分泌は、排卵卵胞が良好であるための特徴である。ゴナドトロピンの排卵前期サージをトリガーする役割に加えて、エストラジオールは、卵巣内部の成長、分化、および生存の重要な因子である。25−ヒドロキシD3および抗酸化剤/抗炎症剤の包含は、鳥において、不断給餌による飼料摂取下で、死亡率、ならびに卵巣の退化および卵巣の腫瘍様形態の発生率を引き下げ、産卵を増やし、かつ血漿エストラジオールレベルを維持した。
飼料の25−OH D3および抗酸化剤/抗炎症剤の包含により、10週間の過食雌鶏において、空腹時の血漿グルコースおよび非エステル型脂肪酸のレベルの改善によって明示されるように、インシュリン抵抗性が改善する(表4)。グルコースクリアランス試験において、細身の雌鶏は、グルコース注入の30〜60分後、非常に急激なクリアランス率を示したが、逆に肥満した雌鶏は、30〜90分後、クリアランス率は非常に緩慢であった(図1)。インシュリン分泌において、肥満雌鶏は、断食状態下で、そしてグルコース注入後、細身の雌鶏と比較した場合に、より高い血漿インシュリンレベルを示した(図1)。グルコースクリアランスおよびグルコース誘発性インシュリン分泌の双方が、3週間の過食雌鶏において、25−OH D3および抗酸化剤/抗炎症剤の包含によって正された(図1)。
不断給餌した雌鶏は、血漿トリグリセリド、セラミド、およびスフィンゴミエリンのレベルを高めた。しかしながら、25−OH D3および抗酸化剤/抗炎症剤の組合せの補助は、不断給餌した雌鶏の血漿中のこれらの脂質代謝物質のレベルを低くした(表5)。
肝臓、心臓、および脚筋中のトリグリセリドおよびセラミドの蓄積は、不断給餌した雌鶏よりも、補助的に25−OH D3および抗酸化剤/抗炎症剤を給餌した雌鶏で低かった(表6)。
脂肪組織、肝臓、脚筋および胸筋、ならびに心臓における循環IL−6レベルおよびIL−1β産生の抑制によって明示されるように、肥満関連炎症は、飼料の25−OH D3および抗酸化剤/抗炎症剤の補助によって改善された(図2)。
肥満の中心的な合併症は、インシュリン抵抗性の進行である。このとき、インシュリンは、その一次標的組織、骨格筋および肝臓において、食後の栄養貯蔵を誘発することができない。理論に拘束されることを望むものではないが、末梢組織におけるインシュリンシグナル伝達のダウンレギュレーションに関与する、全身のインスリン感受性の全体に、脂肪蓄積の増大がどのように影響を及ぼすかについて、可能性のある2つの機構が説明し得るように思われる。第一に、細胞または組織への栄養の送達が、貯蔵能力を超えるので、インシュリン作用を阻害する代謝物質が生じる。特に重要なのは、脂質誘導体、例えばトリアシルグリセロールおよびセラミドが、特定のインシュリンシグナル伝達中間体を阻害することで、食後のグルコース吸収および/またはグリコーゲン合成を阻止することが示されたことである。不断給餌したブロイラー畜種の雌の場合、末梢組織におけるこれらの代謝物質の持続的蓄積がおそらく、雌鶏全体のインシュリン抵抗性の、そして細胞毒性の進行の状態の維持に関与する。第二に、肥満の増大は、脂肪細胞から、または脂肪体に浸潤するマクロファージから産生される炎症誘発性サイトカインの循環レベルの上昇によって特徴付けられる慢性的炎症状態を誘導する。これらの炎症性メディエータは、インシュリンシグナル伝達に直接拮抗すること、そしてまた、異化プロセスを誘導することにより、栄養代謝物質の、インシュリン反応器官への送達をさらに増大させることが示された。
心臓は、過剰な脂質蓄積のために、機能不全になるおそれがある。不断給餌は、心臓におけるトリグリセリド蓄積を促進した。このことは、心臓の脂肪酸利用能が増大して、トリグリセリドに適応的にエステル化されることを示唆した。また、心臓のセラミド含有量もまた、不断給餌の結果として増大した。セラミドは、脂肪毒性心筋症における心臓毒であり、これは、免疫細胞のより多くの心臓浸潤によって明示されるように、炎症反応を誘発した(表7)。
25−OH−D3+抗酸化剤/抗炎症剤は、不断給餌した雌鶏において、慢性的全身性炎症を改善した。
Claims (5)
- ウシの卵巣の健康を高めるために飼料添加物として用いられる、25−ヒドロキシビタミンD(25−OH D)、ビタミンC、ビタミンE、ならびにリコピン、アスタキサンチン、クリプトキサンチン、ベータ−カロテン、ルテイン、ゼアキサンチン、およびカンタキサンチンからなる群から選択される1つまたは複数のカロテノイドを含む組成物。
- ビタミンD、ビタミンB2、ビタミンB6、ナイアシン、パントテン酸、葉酸、ビオチン、亜鉛、銅、マンガン、およびセレンからなる群から選択される、少なくとも1つの更なる生物活性成分をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記25−ヒドロキシビタミンDは、25ヒドロキシビタミンD3(25−OH D3)である、請求項1または2に記載の組成物。
- ウシ嚢胞性卵巣疾患(COD)の発症を処置し、予防し、遅延させ、もしくはCODの徴候を改善し、または17−βエストラジオールの量を増大させるのに用いられる、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- ウシのCODの徴候を処置し、もしくは改善し、または17−βエストラジオールの量を増大させる方法であって、ウシに、
25−ヒドロキシビタミンD3、ビタミンC、ビタミンE、ならびにリコピン、アスタキサンチン、クリプトキサンチン、ベータ−カロテン、ルテイン、ゼアキサンチン、およびカンタキサンチンからなる群から選択される1つまたは複数のカロテノイドを含む組合せを投与すること
を含む方法。
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