CN113598284A - 25-oh-vd3在改善卵巢发育和产蛋性能中的应用 - Google Patents
25-oh-vd3在改善卵巢发育和产蛋性能中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了25‑OH‑VD3在改善卵巢发育和产蛋性能中的应用。属于饲料技术领域。本发明通过在蛋鸭基础日粮中添加25‑OH‑VD3，达到了如下效果：蛋鸭产蛋率相比常规饲料组提高了16.3个百分点，料蛋比显著下降；蛋鸭卵巢总重提高了32.7％，产蛋后期蛋鸭优势卵泡数量与重量有不同程度的提升；显著激活产蛋后期蛋鸭卵巢中钙离子信号，并提高了卵巢的抗氧化能力。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及饲料技术领域，更具体的说是涉及25-OH-VD3在改善卵巢发育和产蛋性能中的应用。
背景技术
生产中，蛋鸭产蛋高峰期维持8～12个月，而后产蛋率随日龄增长而逐渐下降，因此生产中蛋鸭有效利用期较短。雌性动物中卵巢组织中氧化应激加剧，是引起生殖系统远早于机体其它组织或器官表现出衰老症状，且繁殖能力随年龄增长而下降，主要表现为排卵数减少、卵子质量下降等。新的研究表明，卵巢微环境是影响卵泡命运的重要因素，钙离子代谢紊乱和氧化应激引起的氧化损伤是造成卵巢功能衰退的重要因素。因此，针对产蛋后期家禽卵泡发育延缓特性，研究如何改善氧化应激，促进卵泡发育和延长产蛋高峰期具有重要生产意义。
现有技术采用中草药、或中草药提取物来提高产蛋性能，具有机制不明确，作用效果不稳定等缺点。当前尚无针对产蛋后期氧化应激或钙离子通道激活这一特性找出解决家禽产蛋后期卵泡发育迟缓、卵泡闭锁加快的方法。
综上，如何提供一种从根本上改善产蛋后期蛋鸭卵巢发育和产蛋性能的方法是本领域技术人员亟需解决的问题。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明提供了25-OH-VD3在改善卵巢发育和产蛋性能中的应用。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
25-OH-VD3在改善卵巢发育和产蛋性能中的应用。
进一步的，提高蛋鸭产蛋率并降低料蛋比。
进一步的，提高蛋鸭卵巢重量及优势卵泡数量与重量。
进一步的，激活蛋鸭卵巢中钙离子信号，并提高卵巢抗氧化能力。
一种改善卵巢发育和产蛋性能的饲料，包括25-OH-VD3。
进一步的，包括基础日粮和25-OH-VD3；
所述基础日粮包括如下质量百分比的组分：玉米53.72～57.41％、小麦麸9～12.9％、大豆粕21.5～25.6％、DL-蛋氨酸0.14～0.15％、石粉8.4～8.5％、磷酸氢钙1.32～1.33％、食盐0.3％和微量元素-维生素预混料1％；
每1kg基础日粮中25-OH-VD3的添加量为20～200μg。
进一步的，包括基础日粮和25-OH-VD3；
所述基础日粮包括如下质量百分比的组分：玉米53.72％、小麦麸9.5％、大豆粕25.6％、DL-蛋氨酸0.15％、石粉8.4％、磷酸氢钙1.33％、食盐0.3％和微量元素-维生素预混料1％；
每1kg基础日粮中25-OH-VD3的添加量为70μg。
一种改善卵巢发育和产蛋性能的饲料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)将25-OH-VD3、DL-蛋氨酸、石粉、磷酸氢钙、食盐和微量元素-维生素预混料混合均匀，得小料备用；
(2)将玉米、小麦麸、大豆粕与小料混合均匀，得预混料；
(3)造粒。
进一步的，所述步骤(1)中使用微型搅拌机混合，时间30min，转速65次/min；
步骤(2)中使用中型混合机混合，时间30min。
进一步的，步骤(3)中造粒温度为60～75℃，粒径3.5mm。
经由上述的技术方案可知，与现有技术相比，本发明取得的有益效果为：(1)蛋鸭产蛋率相比常规饲料组提高了16.3个百分点，料蛋比显著下降；(2)蛋鸭卵巢总重提高了32.7％，产蛋后期蛋鸭优势卵泡数量与重量有不同程度的提升；(3)显著激活产蛋后期蛋鸭卵巢中钙离子信号，并提高了卵巢的抗氧化能力。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明实施例所需药剂为常规实验药剂，采购自市售渠道，例如：
25-OH-VD3购自赢创德固赛(中国)投资有限公司；
DL-蛋氨酸购自于河北创之源生物科技有限公司；
L-赖氨酸盐酸盐购自于河北鸿韬生物工程有限公司；
微量元素-维生素预混料购自广东新南都饲料科技有限公司，为每公斤饲料提供:Fe,52mg；Cu,10.4mg；Zn,91mg；Mn,91mg；I,0.52mg；Co,0.26mg；核黄素9.6mg；烟酰胺,114mg；泛酸,28.5mg；氯化胆碱,500mg；VB12,30μg；VK3,0.96mg；D/L-α-生育酚,6mg；VA,12,000IU；VD3,1800IU；VE,8.2IU。
实施例中未提及的实验方法为常规实验方法，在此不再一一赘述。
实施例1
(一)配方：
基础日粮：玉米57.41％、小麦麸9％，大豆粕22％，DL-蛋氨酸0.14％，L-赖氨酸盐酸盐0.325％，石粉8.505％，磷酸氢钙1.32％，食盐0.3％，微量元素-维生素预混料1％。每公斤饲料中含有玉米574.1克，小麦麸90克，大豆粕220克，DL-蛋氨酸1.4克，L-赖氨酸盐酸盐3.25克，石粉85克，磷酸氢钙13.2克，食盐3克，维生素-微量元素预混料10克。
在基础日粮的基础上添加20μg/kg 25-OH-VD3。
(二)制备过程：
(1)将25-OH-VD3、DL-蛋氨酸、石粉、磷酸氢钙、食盐和微量元素-维生素预混料用微型搅拌机中搅拌30分钟，转速65次/分钟，得小料备用。
(2)将玉米、大豆粕、小麦麸以及小料一起转入中型混合机中混匀，时间为30分钟，得预混料。
(3)将预混料加入制粒机中制粒，制粒温度60℃，颗粒直径3.5mm。
实施例2
(一)配方：
基础日粮：玉米54％、小麦麸12.9％，大豆粕21.5％，DL-蛋氨酸0.15％，L-赖氨酸盐酸盐0.325％，石粉8.505％，磷酸氢钙1.32％，食盐0.3％，预混料1％。每公斤饲料中含有玉米540克，小麦麸129克，大豆粕215克，DL-蛋氨酸1.5克，L-赖氨酸盐酸盐3.25克，石粉85克，磷酸氢钙13.2克，食盐3克，维生素-微量元素预混料10克。
在基础日粮的基础上添加200μg/kg 25-OH-VD3。
(二)制备过程：
(1)将25-OH-VD3、DL-蛋氨酸、石粉、磷酸氢钙、食盐和微量元素-维生素预混料用微型搅拌机中搅拌30分钟，转速65次/分钟，得小料备用。
(2)将玉米、大豆粕、小麦麸以及小料一起转入中型混合机中混匀，时间为30分钟，得预混料。
(3)将预混料加入制粒机中制粒，制粒温度75℃，颗粒直径3.5mm。
实施例3
(一)配方：
基础日粮：玉米53.72％、小麦麸9.5％、大豆粕25.6％、DL-蛋氨酸0.15％、石粉8.40％、磷酸氢钙1.33％、食盐0.3％和微量元素-维生素预混料1％。每公斤饲料中含有玉米537.2克，小麦麸95克，大豆粕256克，DL-蛋氨酸1.5克，石粉84克，磷酸氢钙13.3克，食盐3克，维生素-微量元素预混料10克。
在基础日粮的基础上添加70μg/kg 25-OH-VD3。
(二)制备过程：
(1)将25-OH-VD3、DL-蛋氨酸、石粉、磷酸氢钙、食盐和微量元素-维生素预混料用微型搅拌机中搅拌30分钟，转速65次/分钟，得小料备用。
(2)将玉米、大豆粕、小麦麸以及小料一起转入中型混合机中混匀，时间为30分钟，得预混料。
(3)将预混料加入制粒机中制粒，制粒温度60～75℃，颗粒直径3.5mm。
实验1
(1)材料与方法：将144只700日龄产蛋高峰期蛋鸭随机均分为对照组和实验组，每组6个重复栏，每重复12只鸭，单笼饲养。实验组饲喂实施例3制备的饲料，对照组饲喂实施例3的基础日粮(实验组和对照组的区别仅在于是否添加25-OH-VD3)。试验期共100天，试验期间自由饮水，定时供料。试验期间，每天记录每重复剩料量，记录产蛋个数和产蛋总重。试验结束时，从各重复随机选取两只鸭，空腹12h采血，分离血浆，-80℃冻存，采集卵巢组织。
(2)测定指标：
①生产性能指标测定：
产蛋率：平均每天产蛋鸭数量×100/蛋鸭总数；
平均蛋重：总蛋重/总蛋个数；
日产蛋重：产蛋率×平均蛋重；
料蛋比：日采食量/日产蛋重。
②卵泡发育指标测定：
卵巢相对重＝卵巢总重×100/空腹体重；
优势卵泡重量＝直径>8mm卵泡总重。
③抗氧化指标测定：
采用南京建成试剂盒检测血浆和卵巢组织中丙二醛(MDA)、超过氧化物歧化酶(SOD)，谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(Gpx)和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)。
④荧光定量PCR分析：
采用Trizol法提取卵巢组织中RNA，采用DNA酶去除RNA中DNA后，检测RNA质量，合格后将RNA反转录成cDNA，采用荧光定量PCR检测自噬标志基因(Atg5，Beclin1)、抗凋亡(Bcl2)、促凋亡(Bax，Caspase3)、钙离子信号基因(CasR)和抗氧化基因(SOD1)mRNA表达。
(3)结果：结果如表1～表3所示。
表1生产性能指标及卵泡发育指标测定结果
由表1结果可知，在饲料中添加25-OH-VD3可以提高蛋鸭的产蛋率和日产蛋重，降低料蛋比。并且卵巢总重、卵巢相对重、优势卵泡数量和优势卵泡重量明显提高。说明饲料中添加25-OH-VD3可以改善产蛋后期蛋鸭卵巢发育和提高产蛋性能。
表2抗氧化指标结果
由表2结果可知，饲料中添加25-OH-VD3可以提高卵巢抗氧化能力，改善卵巢氧化应激，进而延缓蛋鸭卵巢衰老，延长产蛋期。
表3荧光定量PCR分析结果
由表3结果可知，饲料中添加25-OH-VD3可以促进卵巢组织中钙离子信号基因和下游抗凋亡基因的表达，将钙离子通道激活。
本说明书中各个实施例采用递进的方式描述，每个实施例重点说明的都是与其他实施例的不同之处，各个实施例之间相同相似部分互相参见即可。
对所公开的实施例的上述说明，使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的，本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下，在其它实施例中实现。因此，本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例，而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。
Claims (10)
1.25-OH-VD3在改善卵巢发育和产蛋性能中的应用。
2.如权利要求1所述的应用，其特征在于，提高蛋鸭产蛋率并降低料蛋比。
3.如权利要求1所述的应用，其特征在于，提高蛋鸭卵巢重量及优势卵泡数量与重量。
4.如权利要求1所述的应用，其特征在于，激活蛋鸭卵巢中钙离子信号，并提高卵巢抗氧化能力。
5.一种改善卵巢发育和产蛋性能的饲料，其特征在于，包括25-OH-VD3。
6.如权利要求5所述的饲料，其特征在于，包括基础日粮和25-OH-VD3；
所述基础日粮包括如下质量百分比的组分：玉米53.72～57.41％、小麦麸9～12.9％、大豆粕21.5～25.6％、DL-蛋氨酸0.14～0.15％、石粉8.4～8.5％、磷酸氢钙1.32～1.33％、食盐0.3％和微量元素-维生素预混料1％；
每1kg基础日粮中25-OH-VD3的添加量为20～200μg。
7.如权利要求5所述的饲料，其特征在于，包括基础日粮和25-OH-VD3；
所述基础日粮包括如下质量百分比的组分：玉米53.72％、小麦麸9.5％、大豆粕25.6％、DL-蛋氨酸0.15％、石粉8.40％、磷酸氢钙1.33％、食盐0.3％和微量元素-维生素预混料1％；
每1kg基础日粮中25-OH-VD3的添加量为70μg。
8.如权利要求6所述饲料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
(1)将25-OH-VD3、DL-蛋氨酸、石粉、磷酸氢钙、食盐和微量元素-维生素预混料混合均匀，得小料备用；
(2)将玉米、小麦麸、大豆粕与小料混合均匀，得预混料；
(3)造粒。
9.如权利要求8所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(1)中使用微型搅拌机混合，时间30min，转速65次/min；
步骤(2)中使用中型混合机混合，时间30min。
10.如权利要求8所述的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤(3)中造粒温度为60～75℃，粒径3.5mm。
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