JP2018159293A - 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 - Google Patents
内燃機関の排気浄化装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2018159293A JP2018159293A JP2017055908A JP2017055908A JP2018159293A JP 2018159293 A JP2018159293 A JP 2018159293A JP 2017055908 A JP2017055908 A JP 2017055908A JP 2017055908 A JP2017055908 A JP 2017055908A JP 2018159293 A JP2018159293 A JP 2018159293A
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- Prior art keywords
- scr catalyst
- temperature
- reduction catalyst
- internal combustion
- combustion engine
- Prior art date
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- JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu2+ Chemical compound [Cu+2] JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
- F01N2900/16—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust apparatus, e.g. particulate filter or catalyst
- F01N2900/1602—Temperature of exhaust gas apparatus
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
- F01N2900/16—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust apparatus, e.g. particulate filter or catalyst
- F01N2900/1614—NOx amount trapped in catalyst
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
- F01N2900/16—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust apparatus, e.g. particulate filter or catalyst
- F01N2900/1622—Catalyst reducing agent absorption capacity or consumption amount
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/40—Engine management systems
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Abstract
Description
Xを還元させるSCR触媒と、SCR触媒の温度を検出する検出手段と、SCR触媒より上流の排気通路に配置され、還元剤又は還元剤の前駆体である添加剤をSCR触媒へ供給する供給装置と、SCR触媒に吸着されている還元剤の量である還元剤吸着量が所定の目標吸着量となるように、供給装置を制御する制御手段と、を備える内燃機関の排気浄化装置である。そして、SCR触媒の還元剤吸着量が前記所定の目標吸着量より少ない場合において、検出手段により検出される温度がSCR触媒の弱吸着点に吸着した還元剤の脱離温度以上でSCR触媒の活性点に吸着した還元剤の脱離温度未満の温度範囲である有効範囲に属しているときに、制御手段は、SCR触媒へ添加剤が供給されるように供給装置を制御するようにした。ここでいう活性点は、前述したように、触媒担体に担持された遷移金属イオン(例えば、鉄イオンや銅イオン等)である。また、弱吸着点は、前述したように、触媒担体中の格子欠陥(例えば、ゼオライト中のシラノール基等)や、活性点に既に吸着している還元剤の表層等である。
より、SCR触媒の活性点に吸着している還元剤量が過剰に少なくなることが抑制される。
先ず、本発明の第1の実施形態について図1乃至図3に基づいて説明する。図1は、本発明に係る排気浄化装置を適用する内燃機関とその吸排気系の概略構成を示す図である。図1に示す内燃機関1は、軽油を燃料とする圧縮着火式の内燃機関(ディーゼルエンジン)である。なお、内燃機関1は、希薄燃焼運転可能な火花点火式の内燃機関(ガソリンエンジン)であってもよい。
率を示しており、図2中の一点鎖線は弱吸着点のNH3吸着率を示している。図2において、SCR触媒の温度Tscrが第1温度T1まで上昇すると、弱吸着点に吸着しているNH3が脱離し始める一方で、活性点に吸着しているNH3は殆ど脱離しない。そのため、SCR触媒の温度Tscrが第1温度T1まで上昇すると、弱吸着点のNH3吸着率が減少し始める一方で、活性点のNH3吸着率が略100%を維持する。また、SCR触媒の温度Tscrが第1温度T1より高い第2温度T2まで上昇すると、弱吸着点にNH3が殆ど吸着されなくなるため、該弱吸着点のNH3吸着率が略0%になる。その際、活性点に吸着しているNH3は殆ど脱離しないため、活性点のNH3吸着率が略100%を維持する。そして、SCR触媒の温度Tscrが第2温度T2より高い第3温度T3まで上昇すると、活性点に吸着していたNH3が脱離し始めるため、活性点のNH3吸着率が減少し始める。このような特性によれば、SCR触媒の温度Tscrが第1温度T1以上で第3温度T3未満の温度範囲は、弱吸着点にNH3が吸着し難く、且つ活性点にNH3が吸着し易い温度範囲と言える。そこで、本実施形態では、前記第1温度T1以上で前記第3温度T3未満の温度範囲を有効範囲に定めて、添加処理を行うようにした。このような方法によれば、弱吸着点へのNH3の吸着を抑制しつつ、活性点へNH3を吸着させることができる。
OX吸蔵量が該所定の上限値を超えると、前述の許容NOX量より多量のNOXがNSR触媒をすり抜け得ると想定される値である。このような所定の上限値は、予め実験やシミュレーションの結果に基づいて定めておくものとする。
ΣNH3=ΣNH3old+ΔNH3・・・(1)
上記の式(1)中のΣNH3oldは、NH3吸着量の前回値である。
ΣNH3trg)は、ECU10は、添加処理を実行せずに、S106の処理へ進む。一方、S102の処理で肯定判定された場合(ΣNH3<ΣNH3trg)は、ECU10は、S103以降の処理へ進む。
前述した第1の実施形態では、SCR触媒へNOXが流入しないと想定される場合として、内燃機関1の運転中においてNOXを含まないガスがSCR触媒へ流入する場合を例示したが、そのような場合に加え、内燃機関1が運転停止状態にある場合も考えられる。そこで、内燃機関1の運転中においてNOXを含まないガスがSCR触媒へ流入する場合に加え、内燃機関1が運転停止状態にあるときに、添加処理が実行されるようにしてもよい。具体的には、内燃機関1の運転が停止された時点(例えば、図示しないイグニッション・スイッチがonからoffへ切り換えられた時点)において、NH3吸着量ΣNH3が所定の目標吸着量ΣNH3trgより少なく、且つSCR触媒の温度Tscrが有効範囲に属していれば、添加弁5から尿素水溶液を添加させるようにしてもよい。このように、内燃機関1の運転停止直後においても添加処理が実行されると、内燃機関1が再始動された直後におけるSCR触媒のNOX浄化率を高めることが可能となる。
次に、本発明の第2の実施形態について図4〜図6に基づいて説明する。ここでは、前述した第1の実施形態と異なる構成について説明し、同様の構成について説明を省略する。前述した第1の実施形態と本実施形態との相違点は、NH3吸着量ΣNH3が所定の目標吸着量ΣNH3trgより少ないときであって、且つSCR触媒へNOXが流入しないと想定される条件が成立しているときに、SCR触媒の温度Tscrが有効範囲より低ければ、SCR触媒を加熱することで、該SCR触媒の温度Tscrを有効範囲内の温度まで強制的に上昇させる点にある。
scrが有効範囲より低くなる状態が続くことが抑制される。換言すれば、SCR触媒のNH3吸着量ΣNH3が所定の目標吸着量ΣNH3trgより少ないときであって、且つSCR触媒へNOXが流入しないと想定される条件が成立しているときに、添加弁5による尿素水溶液の添加を行えない状態が続くことが抑制される。
前述した第2の実施形態では、SCR触媒へNOXが流入しないと想定される場合として、内燃機関1の運転中においてNOXを含まないガスがSCR触媒へ流入する場合を例示したが、そのような場合に加え、内燃機関1が運転停止状態にある場合も考えられる。そこで、内燃機関1の運転中においてNOXを含まないガスがSCR触媒へ流入する場合に加え、内燃機関1が運転停止状態にあるときに、添加処理が実行されるようにしてもよい。具体的には、内燃機関1の運転が停止された時点(例えば、図示しないイグニッション・スイッチがonからoffへ切り換えられた時点)において、NH3吸着量ΣNH3が所定の目標吸着量ΣNH3trgより少なく、且つSCR触媒の温度Tscrが有効範囲より低ければ、加熱装置40によってSCR触媒を有効範囲内の温度まで昇温させた後に、添加弁5から尿素水溶液を添加させればよい。このように、内燃機関1の運転停止直後においても添加処理が実行されるようになると、内燃機関1が再始動された直後におけるSCR触媒のNOX浄化率を高めることが可能となる。
前述した各実施形態では、図2中の第1温度T1以上で第3温度T3未満の温度範囲を有効範囲に設定する例について述べたが、図2中の第2温度T2以上で第3温度T3未満の温度範囲を有効範囲に設定してもよい。第2温度T2以上で第3温度T3未満の温度範囲では、弱吸着点のNH3吸着率が略0%になるとともに、活性点のNH3吸着率を略100%になるため、そのような温度範囲が有効範囲に定められれば、弱吸着点に吸着するNH3量をより確実に少なく抑えつつ、活性点に吸着するNH3量を増やすことができる。
2 排気通路
3 第1触媒ケーシング
4 第2触媒ケーシング
5 添加弁
6 第1NOXセンサ
7 第2NOXセンサ
8 排気温度センサ
9 NH3センサ
10 ECU
50 ポンプ
51 添加剤タンク
Claims (7)
- 内燃機関の排気通路に配置され、還元剤を利用して排気中のNOXを還元させる選択還元型触媒と、
前記選択還元型触媒の温度を検出する検出手段と、
前記選択還元型触媒より上流の排気通路に配置され、還元剤又は還元剤の前駆体である添加剤を前記選択還元型触媒へ供給する供給装置と、
前記選択還元型触媒に吸着されている還元剤の量である還元剤吸着量が所定の目標吸着量となるように、前記供給装置を制御する制御手段と、
を備え、
前記選択還元型触媒の還元剤吸着量が前記所定の目標吸着量より少ない場合において、前記検出手段により検出される温度が前記選択還元型触媒の弱吸着点に吸着した還元剤の脱離温度以上で前記選択還元型触媒の活性点に吸着した還元剤の脱離温度未満の温度範囲である有効範囲に属しているときに、前記制御手段は、前記選択還元型触媒へ添加剤が供給されるように前記供給装置を制御することを特徴とする、内燃機関の排気浄化装置。 - 前記選択還元型触媒の還元剤吸着量が前記所定の目標吸着量より少ない場合において、前記検出手段により検出される温度が前記有効範囲に属しているときであって、且つ前記選択還元型触媒へNOXが流入しないと想定される条件が成立しているときに、前記制御手段は、前記選択還元型触媒へ添加剤が供給されるように前記供給装置を制御することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。
- 前記選択還元型触媒を加熱する加熱装置と、
前記選択還元型触媒の還元剤吸着量が前記所定の目標吸着量より少ない場合において、前記選択還元型触媒へNOXが流入しないと想定される条件が成立しているときに、前記検出手段により検出される温度が前記有効範囲より低ければ、前記選択還元型触媒を前記有効範囲内の温度まで昇温させるべく前記加熱装置を制御する昇温手段と、
を更に備えることを特徴とすることを特徴とする、請求項1又は2に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。 - 前記選択還元型触媒より上流の排気通路に配置されて、排気の空燃比が理論空燃比より高いリーン空燃比であるときは排気中のNOXを吸蔵し、且つ排気の空燃比が理論空燃比より低いリッチ空燃比であるときは吸蔵していたNOXを放出しつつ還元するNOX吸蔵還元型触媒を更に備え、
前記制御手段は、前記内燃機関の運転中において、前記NOX吸蔵還元型触媒へ流入する排気の空燃比がリーン空燃比であり、且つ前記NOX吸蔵還元型触媒のNOX吸蔵量が所定の上限値以下であるときに、前記選択還元型触媒へNOXが流入しないと想定される条件が成立していると判定することを特徴とする、請求項1〜3の何れか一項に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。 - 前記制御手段は、前記内燃機関で燃焼に供される混合気の空燃比がリッチ空燃比であるときに、前記選択還元型触媒へNOXが流入しないと想定される条件が成立していると判定することを特徴とする、請求項1〜4の何れか一項に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。
- 前記制御手段は、前記内燃機関のフューエルカット処理が実行状態にあるときに、前記選択還元型触媒へNOXが流入しないと想定される条件が成立していると判定することを特徴とする、請求項1〜5の何れか一項に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。
- 前記制御手段は、前記内燃機関が運転停止状態にあるときに、前記選択還元型触媒へNOXが流入しないと想定される条件が成立していると判定することを特徴とする、請求項
1〜6の何れか一項に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。
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KR20230085447A (ko) * | 2021-12-07 | 2023-06-14 | 한국자동차연구원 | 열원을 갖는 PM/NOx 동시 저감장치의 환원제 흡장량 예측 및 제어 방법 |
KR102571849B1 (ko) | 2021-12-07 | 2023-08-28 | 한국자동차연구원 | 열원을 갖는 PM/NOx 동시 저감장치의 환원제 흡장량 예측 및 제어 방법 |
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DE102018106662B4 (de) | 2024-02-15 |
CN108625953B (zh) | 2020-01-14 |
CN108625953A (zh) | 2018-10-09 |
US20180274419A1 (en) | 2018-09-27 |
DE102018106662A1 (de) | 2018-09-27 |
US10450925B2 (en) | 2019-10-22 |
JP6614187B2 (ja) | 2019-12-04 |
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