JP2018125287A - モノフルオロシラン化合物を含む電解液を含むリチウム二次電池 - Google Patents
モノフルオロシラン化合物を含む電解液を含むリチウム二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2018125287A JP2018125287A JP2018013429A JP2018013429A JP2018125287A JP 2018125287 A JP2018125287 A JP 2018125287A JP 2018013429 A JP2018013429 A JP 2018013429A JP 2018013429 A JP2018013429 A JP 2018013429A JP 2018125287 A JP2018125287 A JP 2018125287A
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- secondary battery
- lithium secondary
- electrolyte
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 100
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- -1 monofluorosilane compound Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 title description 6
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 98
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical class O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
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- 125000006749 (C6-C60) aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
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- NDZWKTKXYOWZML-UHFFFAOYSA-N trilithium;difluoro oxalate;borate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]B([O-])[O-].FOC(=O)C(=O)OF NDZWKTKXYOWZML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
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- 229910017023 Ni0.88CO0.08Mn0.04 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
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- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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Classifications
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Abstract
Description
正極と、負極と、前記正極及び前記負極の間に介在する電解質と、を含み、
前記正極は、下記化学式1で表わされる正極活物質を含み、
前記電解質は、リチウム塩と、非水系溶媒と、下記化学式2で表わされるモノフルオロシラン化合物と、を含み、
前記モノフルオロシラン化合物は、電解質総重量を基準に、0.1重量%ないし5重量%以下で含まれるリチウム二次電池:
[化学式1]
LixNiyM1−yO2−zAz
0.9≦x≦1.2、0.85<y≦0.95、0≦z<0.2であり、
Mは、Al、Mg、Mn、Co、Fe、Cr、V、Ti、Cu、B、Ca、Zn、Zr、Nb、Mo、Sr、Sb、W、Ti及びBiからなる群のうちから選択される1以上の元素であり、
Aは、酸化数が−1、−2または−3である元素であり、
前記化学式2で、
R1は、置換もしくは非置換の線状または分枝状のC2−C30アルキル基、または置換もしくは非置換のC6−C60アリール基であり、
R2及びR3は、それぞれ独立して、置換もしくは非置換の線状または分枝状のC1−C30アルキル基、または置換もしくは非置換のC6−C60アリール基であり、
前記置換されたC1−C30アルキル基またはC6−C60アリール基の置換基は、ハロゲン、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、iso−プロピル基、n−ブチル基、iso−ブチル基、t−ブチル基、トリフルオロメチル基、テトラフルオロエチル基、ビニル基、プロペニル基、ブテニル基である。)
が提供される。
前記正極は、下記化学式1で表わされる正極活物質を含み、
前記電解質は、リチウム塩と、非水系溶媒と、下記化学式2で表わされるモノフルオロシラン化合物と、を含み、
前記モノフルオロシラン化合物は、電解質総重量を基準に、0.1重量%ないし5重量%以下で含まれる:
[化学式1]
LixNiyM1−yO2−zAz
0.9≦x≦1.2、0.85<y≦0.95、0≦z<0.2であり、
Mは、Al、Mg、Mn、Co、Fe、Cr、V、Ti、Cu、B、Ca、Zn、Zr、Nb、Mo、Sr、Sb、W、Ti及びBiからなる群のうちから選択される1以上の元素であり、
Aは、酸化数が−1または−2である元素であり、
前記化学式2で、
R1は、置換もしくは非置換の線状または分枝状のC2−C30アルキル基、または置換もしくは非置換のC6−C60アリール基であり、
R2及びR3は、それぞれ独立して、置換もしくは非置換の線状または分枝状のC1−C30アルキル基、または置換もしくは非置換のC6−C60アリール基であり、
前記置換されたC1−C30アルキル基またはC6−C60アリール基の置換基は、ハロゲン、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、iso−プロピル基、n−ブチル基、iso−ブチル基、t−ブチル基、トリフルオロメチル基、テトラフルオロエチル基、ビニル基、プロペニル基、ブテニル基である。
[化学式3]
LixNiy’Co1−y’−z’Alz’O2
[化学式4]
LixNiy’Co1−y’−z’Mnz’O2
(正極の製造)
正極活物質として、Li1.02Ni0.88Co0.08Mn0.04O2、導電剤として、カーボンブラック(carbon black)、バインダとして、ポリフッ化ビニリデンを使用し、前記正極活物質、導電剤、バインダを94:3:3の重量比で、N−メチルピロリドン(NMP)に入れてミキシングした後、12μm厚のアルミニウムホイルに、37mg/cm2で分散させて両面コーティングし、乾燥後圧延し、電極密度が3.6g/ccになるように正極を製造した。
黒鉛(Mitsubishi社)98重量%、スチレン−ブタジエンゴム(SBR)バインダ1.0重量%及びカルボキシメチルセルロース1.0重量%を混合した後、蒸溜水に投入し、機械式撹拌機を使用して60分間撹拌し、負極活物質スラリーを製造した。前記スラリーを、ドクターブレードを使用し、10μm厚の銅ホイルに、18.42mg/cm2で分散させてコーティングし、乾燥後に圧延し、電極密度が1.65g/ccになるように負極を製造した。
1.15M LiPF6、エチレンカーボネート(EC)/フッ化エチレンカーボネート(FEC)/エチルメチルカーボネート(EMC)/ジメチルカーボネート(DMC)(体積比:7/7/46/40)に、電解質総体積を基準に、1体積%のビニレンカーボネートを添加し、電解質総重量を基準に、1重量%のジフェニルメチルフルオロシランを添加して電解質を製造した。
前記正極と負極との間に、ポリプロピレンで製造された16μm厚の分離膜を介在させ、前記電解質を注入してリチウム二次電池を製造した。
トリメチルホスフェートを、電解質総重量を基準に、1重量%添加して電解質を製造したことを除いては、前記実施例1と同一方法でリチウム二次電池を製造した。
無水マレイン酸及びトリメチルホスフェートを、電解質総重量を基準に、それぞれ0.3重量%及び1重量%添加して電解質を製造したことを除いては、前記実施例1と同一方法でリチウム二次電池を製造した。
メチレンメタンジスルホネートを、電解質総重量を基準に、0.5重量%添加して電解質を製造したことを除いては、前記実施例1と同一方法でリチウム二次電池を製造した。
正極活物質として、Li1.02Ni0.88Co0.08Mn0.04O2の代わりに、Li1.02Ni0.86Co0.10Mn0.04O2を使用したことを除いては、実施例1と同一方法でリチウム二次電池を製作した。
正極活物質として、Li1.02Ni0.88Co0.08Mn0.04O2の代わりに、Li1.02Ni0.95Co0.04Mn0.01O2を使用したことを除いては、実施例1と同一方法でリチウム二次電池を製作した。
正極活物質として、Li1.02Ni0.88Co0.08Mn0.04O2の代わりに、Li1.02Ni0.84Co0.12Mn0.04O2を使用することを除いては、前記実施例1と同一方法でリチウム二次電池を製造した。
正極活物質として、Li1.02Ni0.88Co0.08Mn0.04O2の代わりに、Li1.02Ni0.96Co0.03Mn0.01O2を使用することを除いては、前記実施例1と同一方法でリチウム二次電池を製造した。
ジフェニルメチルフルオロシランの添加なしに電解質を製造したことを除いては、前記実施例1と同一方法でリチウム二次電池を製造した。
1.15M LiPF6、EC/EMC/DMC(体積比:2/4/4)に、電解質総体積を基準に、1体積%のビニレンカーボネートを添加し、電解質総重量を基準に、1重量%のヘキサメチルシクロシロキサン(hexamethylcyclosiloxane)を添加して電解質を製造したことを除いては、前記実施例1と同一方法でリチウム二次電池を製造した。
(正極の製造)
正極活物質として、Li1.02Ni0.88Co0.08Al0.04O2、導電剤として、カーボンブラック(carbon black)、バインダとして、ポリフッ化ビニリデンを使用し、前記正極活物質、導電剤、バインダを94:3:3の重量比で、N−メチルピロリドン(NMP)に入れてミキシングした後、12μm厚のアルミニウムホイルに、37mg/cm2で分散させて両面コーティングし、乾燥後に圧延し、電極密度が3.6g/ccになるように正極を製造した。
Si/炭素複合体(SCN 1 BTR社製)、グラファイト、カルボキシメチルセルロース、スチレン−ブタジエンゴムを、25:73:1.5:0.5の重量比で、N−メチルピロリドンに入れてミキシングした後、10μm厚の銅ホイルに1、8.42mg/cm2で分散させてコーティングし、乾燥後に圧延し、電極密度が1.65g/ccになるように負極を製造した。
1.15M LiPF6、EC/FEC/EMC/DMC(体積比:7/7/46/40)に、電解質総体積を基準に、1体積%のビニレンカーボネートを添加し、電解質総重量を基準に、1重量%のトリエチルフルオロシランを添加し、電解質総重量を基準に、1重量%のリチウムジフルオロ(オキサレート)ボレートを添加して電解質を製造した。
前記正極と負極との間に、ポリプロピレンによって製造された16μm厚の分離膜を介在させ、前記電解質を注入してリチウム二次電池を製造した。
トリエチルフルオロシランの代わりに、ジフェニルメチルフルオロシランを、電解質総重量を基準に、1重量%添加して電解質を製造したことを除いては、実施例7と同一方法でリチウム二次電池を製造した。
トリエチルフルオロシランの代わりに、トリイソプロピルフルオロシランを、電解質総重量を基準に、1重量%添加して電解質を製造したことを除いては、実施例7と同一方法でリチウム二次電池を製造した。
リチウムジフルオロ(オキサレート)ボレートを添加せず、トリエチルフルオロシランの代わりに、ジフェニルメチルフルオロシランを、電解質総重量を基準に、1重量%添加し、無水マレイン酸を、電解質総重量を基準に、0.3重量%添加し、トリメチルホスフェート及びメチルメチレンジスルホネートを、電解質総重量を基準に、それぞれ1重量%及び0.4重量%添加して電解質を製造したことを除いては、実施例7と同一方法でリチウム二次電池を製造した。
正極活物質として、Li1.02Ni0.88Co0.08Al0.04O2の代わりに、Li1.02Ni0.86Co0.10Al0.04O2を使用したことを除いては、実施例7と同一方法でリチウム二次電池を製作した。
正極活物質として、Li1.02Ni0.88Co0.08Al0.04O2の代わりに、Li1.02Ni0.95Co0.04Al0.01O2を使用したことを除いては、実施例7と同一方法でリチウム二次電池を製作した。
正極活物質として、Li1.02Ni0.88Co0.08Al0.04O2の代わりに、Li1.02Ni0.84Co0.12Al0.04O2を使用することを除いては、前記実施例7と同一方法でリチウム二次電池を製造した。
正極活物質として、Li1.02Ni0.88Co0.08Al0.04O2の代わりに、Li1.02Ni0.96Co0.03Al0.01O2を使用することを除いては、前記実施例7と同一方法でリチウム二次電池を製造した。
トリエチルフルオロシラン及びリチウムジフルオロ(オキサレート)ボレートを添加せずに電解質を製造したことを除いては、実施例7と同一方法でリチウム二次電池を製造した。
トリエチルフルオロシランを添加せず、リチウムジフルオロ(オキサレート)ボレートの代わりに、ヘキサメチルシクロシロキサンを、電解質総重量を基準に、1重量%添加して電解質を製造したことを除いては、実施例7と同一方法でリチウム二次電池を製造した。
実施例1ないし12、及び比較例1ないし8でそれぞれ製造されたリチウム二次電池に対して、1C/1Cの充放電電流、2.8Vないし4.3Vの作動電圧、CC−CV 1/10Cカットオフ条件で、45℃で200サイクル充放電した後、直流内部抵抗上昇率及び容量維持率を測定した後、下記表1に示した。200回目サイクルでの容量維持率は、下記数式1によって定義される。
[数式1]
容量維持率=[200回目サイクルでの放電容量/最初サイクルでの放電容量]x100
Claims (20)
- 正極と、負極と、前記正極及び前記負極の間に介在する電解質と、を含み、
前記正極は、下記化学式1で表わされる正極活物質を含み、
前記電解質は、リチウム塩と、非水系溶媒と、下記化学式2で表わされるモノフルオロシラン化合物と、を含み、
前記モノフルオロシラン化合物は、電解質総重量を基準に、0.1重量%ないし5重量%以下で含まれる、リチウム二次電池:
[化学式1]
LixNiyM1−yO2−zAz
0.9≦x≦1.2、0.85<y≦0.95、0≦z<0.2であり、
Mは、Al、Mg、Mn、Co、Fe、Cr、V、Ti、Cu、B、Ca、Zn、Zr、Nb、Mo、Sr、Sb、W、Ti及びBiからなる群のうちから選択される1以上の元素であり、
Aは、酸化数が−1、−2または−3である元素であり、
前記化学式2で、
R1は、置換もしくは非置換の線状または分枝状のC2−C30アルキル基、または置換もしくは非置換のC6−C60アリール基であり、
R2及びR3は、それぞれ独立して、置換もしくは非置換の線状または分枝状のC1−C30アルキル基、または置換もしくは非置換のC6−C60アリール基であり、
前記置換されたC1−C30アルキル基またはC6−C60アリール基の置換基は、ハロゲン、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、iso−プロピル基、n−ブチル基、iso−ブチル基、t−ブチル基、トリフルオロメチル基、テトラフルオロエチル基、ビニル基、n−プロフェニル基、ブテニル基である。 - 前記モノフルオロシラン化合物は、電解質総重量を基準に、0.5重量%ないし2重量%以下で含まれることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記R1ないしR3のうち少なくとも一つは、置換もしくは非置換のC6−C60アリール基であることを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記R1ないしR3は、置換もしくは非置換の線状または分枝状のC2−C30アルキル基であることを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記リチウム塩は、リチウムジフルオロ(オキサレート)ボレート、LiBF4、LiPF6、LiCF3SO3、(CF3SO2)2NLi、(FSO2)2NLi、及びそれらの組み合わせからなる基のうちから選択されることを特徴とする、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記リチウム塩は、LiPF6及びリチウムジフルオロ(オキサレート)ボレートを含み、
前記リチウムジフルオロ(オキサレート)ボレートの含量は、電解質総重量を基準に、2重量%以下であることを特徴とする、請求項6に記載のリチウム二次電池。 - 前記非水系溶媒は、フッ化エチレンカーボネートを含むことを特徴とする、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記フッ化エチレンカーボネートを、前記非水系溶媒総重量を基準に、0.3ないし20重量%含むことを特徴とする、請求項8に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記電解質は、ビニレンカーボネート、ビニルエチレンカーボネート、無水マレイン酸、無水コハク酸、またはそれらの混合物を、前記電解質総重量を基準に、0.1ないし3重量%さらに含むことを特徴とする、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記無水マレイン酸を、前記電解質総重量を基準に、0.1ないし1.5重量%さらに含むことを特徴とする、請求項10に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記電解質は、ホスフィン化合物、ホスファイト化合物、ホスフェート化合物、またはそれらの混合物を、前記電解質総重量を基準に、0.1ないし3重量%さらに含むことを特徴とする、請求項1〜11のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記電解質は、スルホン化合物、スルホネート化合物、ジスルホネート化合物、またはそれらの混合物を、前記電解質総重量を基準に、0.1ないし3重量%さらに含むことを特徴とする、請求項1〜12のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記化学式1で、0.88≦y≦0.95であることを特徴とする、請求項1〜13のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記正極活物質は、下記化学式3または化学式4で表わされることを特徴とする、請求項1〜14のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム二次電池:
[化学式3]
LixNiy’Co1−y’−z’Alz’O2
[化学式4]
LixNiy’Co1−y’−z’Mnz’O2
前記化学式3及び化学式4で、0.9≦x≦1.2、0.85<y’≦0.95、0<z’<0.1、0<1−y’−z’<0.15である。 - 前記正極活物質は、Li1.02Ni0.86Co0.10Mn0.04O2、Li1.02Ni0.86Co0.10Al0.04O2、Li1.02Ni0.88Co0.08Mn0.04O2、Li1.02Ni0.88Co0.08Al0.04O2、Li1.02Ni0.95Co0.04Mn0.01O2またはLi1.02Ni0.95Co0.04Al0.01O2を含むことを特徴とする、請求項1〜14のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記負極は、リチウムと合金可能な準金属を含む負極活物質または炭素系負極活物質を含むことを特徴とする、請求項1〜16のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記リチウムと合金可能な準金属を含む負極活物質は、Si、Si粒子を含むSi炭素複合物質、及びSiOa’(0<a’<2)のうち1以上を含むことを特徴とする、請求項17に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 45℃で200サイクル充放電後、直流内部抵抗上昇率は、140%未満であることを特徴とする、請求項1〜18のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- セルエネルギー密度が500Wh/L以上であることを特徴とする、請求項1〜19のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム二次電池。
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