JP2016528207A - Il−4r阻害剤の投与による好酸球性食道炎を治療する方法 - Google Patents
Il−4r阻害剤の投与による好酸球性食道炎を治療する方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、対象における好酸球性食道炎(EoE)の少なくとも1つの症状または兆候を治療、予防または改善するための方法を含む。本発明のこの態様による方法は、それを必要とする対象にIL−4R阻害剤を含む治療有効量の医薬組成物を投与することを含む。本明細書で使用するとき、用語「治療する」、「治療すること」などは、症状を軽減し、一時的もしくは永続的のいずれかで症状の原因を取り除き、または食道における好酸球性炎症の症状の発症を予防もしくは遅らせることを意味する。特定の実施形態において、本発明の方法は、限定されないが、食道の好酸球浸潤、食道壁の肥厚、食道の炎症、食道における気管様のリングまたは突起部の出現、胸痛および腹痛、拒食、嘔吐、嚥下障害ならびに食片圧入を含む、EoEの少なくとも1つの症状または兆候の治療または改善に有用である。
本発明はまた、EoE関連バイオマーカーの使用、定量化および分析を伴う方法を含む。本明細書で使用するとき、用語「EoE関連バイオマーカー」とは、非EoE患者に存在するまたは検出できるマーカーのレベルまたは量とは異なる(例えば、より大きいまたはより小さい)レベルまたは量でEoE患者に存在するまたは検出できる、任意の生物学的応答、細胞型、パラメータ、タンパク質、ポリペプチド、酵素、酵素活性、代謝産物、核酸、炭水化物または他の生体分子を意味する。例示的なEoE関連バイオマーカーとしては、限定されないが、例えば、食道好酸球、エオタキシン−3(CCL26)、ペリオスチン、(総およびアレルゲン特異的)血清IgE、IL−13、IL−5、血清胸腺および活性化制御ケモカイン(TARC;CCL17)、胸腺間質性リンホポエチン(TSLP)、血清好酸球カチオン性タンパク質(ECP)および好酸球由来神経毒(EDN)が挙げられる。用語「EoE関連バイオマーカー」はまた、EoEでない対象と比較して、EoEの対象において差異的に発現される、当該技術分野において公知の遺伝子または遺伝子プローブを含む。例えば、EoEの対象において有意に上方制御される遺伝子としては、限定されないが、Tヘルパー2(Th2)関連ケモカイン、例えば、CCL8、CCL23およびCCL26、ペリオスチン、カドヘリン様26およびTNFα誘導性タンパク質6(Blanchardら、2006年、J.Clin.Invest.116:536〜547頁)が挙げられる。あるいは、「EoE関連バイオマーカー」はまた、末端分化タンパク質(例えば、フィラグリン)(Blanchardら、2006、J.Clin.Invest.116:536〜547頁)などのEoEに起因して下方制御される遺伝子を含む。本発明の特定の実施形態は、IL−4Rアンタゴニストの投与により、疾患逆転を監視するためのこれらのバイオマーカーの使用に関する。EoE関連バイオマーカーを検出および/または定量するための方法は当技術分野において公知である;このようなEoE関連バイオマーカーを測定するためのキットは、様々な商業的供給源から入手可能である;および様々な商業的診断研究室は、同様にこのようなバイオマーカーの測定を与えるサービスを提供する。
本発明の方法は、インターロイキン−4受容体(IL−4R)阻害剤を含む治療用組成物をそれを必要とする対象に投与することを含む。本明細書で使用するとき、「IL−4R阻害剤」(本明細書では「IL−4Rアンタゴニスト」、「IL−4Rαアンタゴニスト」、「IL−4Rブロッカー」、「IL−4Rαブロッカー」などと称する。)は、IL−4RαもしくはIL−4Rリガンドに結合するまたはそれと相互作用し、1型および/もしくは2型のIL−4受容体の正常な生物学的シグナル伝達機能を阻害または減衰させる任意の薬物である。ヒトIL−4Rは、配列番号11のアミノ酸配列を有する。1型のIL−4受容体は、IL−4Rα鎖とγc鎖を含む二量体受容体である。2型のIL−4受容体は、IL−4Rα鎖およびIL−13Rα1鎖を含む二量体受容体である。1型のIL−4受容体はIL−4と相互作用し、IL−4によって刺激され、一方、2型のIL−4受容体はIL−4とIL−13の両方によって刺激される。したがって、本発明の方法において使用することができるIL−4R阻害剤は、IL−4媒介性シグナル伝達、IL−13媒介性シグナル伝達またはIL−4とIL−13媒介性シグナル伝達の両方をブロックすることによって機能することができる。このようにして、本発明のIL−4R阻害剤は、1型または2型受容体とのIL−4および/IL−13の相互作用を妨げることができる。
本発明の特定の例示的な実施形態によれば、IL−4R阻害剤は、抗IL−4Rα抗体またはその抗原結合断片である。用語「抗体」は、本明細書で使用するとき、ジスルフィド結合によって内部連結された2つの重(H)鎖と2つの軽(L)鎖の4つのポリペプチド鎖を含む免疫グロブリン分子、ならびにそのマルチマー(例えば、IgM)を含む。典型的な抗体において、各々の重鎖は、重鎖可変領域(本明細書においてHCVRまたはVHと省略される)および重鎖定常領域を含む。重鎖定常領域は、3つのドメインであるCH1、CH2およびCH3を含む。各々の軽鎖は、軽鎖可変領域(本明細書においてLCVRまたはVLと略記される)および軽鎖定常領域を含む。軽鎖定常領域は、1つのドメイン(CL1)を含む。VHおよびVL領域は、さらに、相補性決定領域(CDR)と呼ばれる超可変性の領域にさらに細分することができ、フレームワーク領域(FR)と呼ばれる、より保存されている領域が散在する。各々のVHおよびVLは、以下のFR1、CDR1、FR2、CDR2、FR3、CDR3、FR4の順でアミノ末端からカルボキシ末端に配置された3つのCDRと4つのFRで構成される。本発明の異なる実施形態において、抗IL−4R抗体(またはその抗原結合部分)のFRは、ヒト生殖細胞系配列と同一であってもよく、または天然もしくは人工的に改変することができる。アミノ酸コンセンサス配列は、2つまたはそれを超えるCDRの比較分析に基づいて定義することができる。
たはVLドメインを含むことができる。
本発明は、対象にIL−4R阻害剤を投与することを含む方法を含み、IL−4R阻害剤は医薬組成物内に含有される。本発明の医薬組成物は、適切な担体、賦形剤、および適切な転写、送達、耐性などを提供する他の薬剤とともに製剤化することができる。多数の適切な製剤は、薬剤師に公知の処方において見出すことができる:Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences、Mack Publishing Company、Easton、PA。これらの製剤としては、例えば、粉末、ペースト、軟膏、ゼリー、ワックス、油、脂質、ベシクルを含む脂質(カチオン性またはアニオン性)(例えば、LIPOFECTIN(商標))、DNAコンジュゲート、無水吸収ペースト、水中油および油中水エマルジョン、エマルジョンカーボワックス(様々な分子量のポリエチレングリコール)、半固体ゲルならびにカーボワックスを含む半固体混合物が挙げられます。また、Powellら 「Compendium of excipients for parenteral formulations」PDA(1998年)J Pharm Sci Technol 52:238〜311を参照されたい。
本発明の方法による、対象に投与されるIL−4R阻害剤(例えば、抗IL−4Rα抗体)の量は、一般に、治療有効量である。本明細書で使用するとき、語句「治療有効量」とは、以下:(a)好酸球性食道炎の症状の重症度または持続時間の減少;(b)食道における好酸球数の減少;(c)アレルギー反応の予防または軽減;および(d)従来のアレルギー療法の使用または必要性の低減(例えば、抗ヒスタミン剤、充血除去剤、経鼻もしくは吸入ステロイド、抗IgE治療、エピネフリンなどの使用の低減または排除)、の1つまたはそれ以上をもたらすIL−4R阻害剤の量を意味する。
20mg、約530mg、約540mg、約550mg、約560mg、約570mg、約580mg、約590mgまたは約600mgであり得る。特定の実施形態において、300mgの抗IL−4R抗体を投与する。
本実施例において、IL25流体力学的DNA送達(HDD)マウスモデルにおける好酸球性食道炎におけるIL−4Rα遮断の効果を評価した。このモデルは、誘導されたIL−25発現がIL−4Rα/IL−13Rヘテロ二量体受容体を介したIL−13シグナル伝達を引き起こすという観察に基づき、結果として、食道の好酸球浸潤および粘液産生を含む、胃腸管の好酸球増多をもたらす。
スコア0:食道壁の肥厚の変化がなく、白血球の浸潤がない;
スコア1:低から中程度の白血球浸潤が粘膜下層で検出される;
スコア2:中程度から重度の白血球浸潤が粘膜下層にあり、食道壁の肥厚が検出できる;
スコア3:重度の白血球浸潤が食道壁の顕著な肥厚を生じさせる。
この実施例において、マウスモデルにおいてピーナッツアレルゲン誘導性の好酸球性食道炎におけるIL−4Rα遮断の効果を評価した。
この研究は、EoEを患っている成人患者におけるデュピルマブの有効性、安全性、忍容および免疫原性を調査するために、32週間の二重盲検、無作為化、プラセボ対照とした試験である。デュピルマブは、配列番号13のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖と配列番号14のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖;配列番号1/2を含むHCVR/LCVRアミノ酸配列対;および配列番号3〜8を含む重鎖と軽鎖CDR配列を含む完全ヒト抗IL−4R抗体である。
Claims (36)
- インターロイキン−4受容体(IL−4R)阻害剤を含む治療有効量の医薬組成物をそれを必要とする対象に投与することを含む、好酸球性食道炎(EoE)の少なくとも1つの症状または兆候を治療、予防または改善する方法。
- EoEの症状または兆候が、食道の好酸球浸潤、食道壁の肥厚、拒食、嘔吐、腹痛、胸焼け、吐き戻し、嚥下障害および食片圧入からなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 対象が、乳製品、卵、小麦、大豆、トウモロコシ、魚、甲殻類、ピーナッツ、木の実、牛肉、鶏肉、オート麦、大麦、豚肉、インゲン、リンゴおよびパイナップルからなる群から選択される食品に含有される食物アレルゲンに対してアレルギー反応を示す、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 対象が、ダスト、花粉、カビ、植物、ネコ、イヌまたは昆虫の1つに由来する非食物アレルゲンに対してアレルギー反応を示す、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- IL−4R阻害剤の投与が、対象におけるEoE関連バイオマーカーレベルの減少をもたらす、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- EoE関連バイオマーカーが、食道好酸球、エオタキシン−3、ペリオスチン、(総およびアレルゲン特異的)血清IgE、IL−13、IL−5、血清胸腺および活性化制御ケモカイン(TARC)、胸腺間質性リンホポエチン(TSLP)、血清好酸球カチオン性タンパク質(ECP)および好酸球由来神経毒(EDN)からなる群から選択される、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 好酸球性食道炎(EoE)の少なくとも1つの症状または兆候を治療、予防または改善するための方法であって、
対象をEoEに罹りやすい状態にするアレルゲンに対するアレルギー反応を有する対象を選択することと
インターロイキン−4受容体(IL−4R)阻害剤を含む治療有効量の医薬組成物をそれを必要とする対象に投与することと
を含む前記方法。 - アレルゲンが、乳製品、卵、小麦、大豆、トウモロコシ、魚、甲殻類、ピーナッツ、木の実、牛肉、鶏肉、オート麦、大麦、豚肉、インゲン、リンゴおよびパイナップルからなる群から選択される食品に含有される食物アレルゲンである、請求項7に記載の方法。
- アレルゲンが、ダスト、花粉、カビ、植物、ネコ、イヌまたは昆虫の1つに由来する非食物アレルゲンである、請求項7に記載の方法。
- EoEの症状または兆候が、食道の好酸球浸潤、食道壁の肥厚、拒食、嘔吐、腹痛、胸焼け、吐き戻し、嚥下障害および食片圧入からなる群から選択される、請求項7〜9のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- IL−4R阻害剤の投与が、対象におけるEoE関連バイオマーカーレベルの減少をもたらす、請求項7〜10のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- EoE関連バイオマーカーが、食道好酸球、エオタキシン−3、IgE、TARC、ペリオスチン、IL−5、IL−13、胸腺間質性リンホポエチン(TSLP)および好酸球由来神経毒(EDN)からなる群から選択される、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 好酸球性食道炎(EoE)の少なくとも1つの症状または兆候を治療、予防または改善する方法であって、
対象が、食道好酸球、エオタキシン−3、ペリオスチン、(総およびアレルゲン特異的)血清IgE、IL−13、IL−5、TARC、TSLP、血清ECPおよびEDNからなる群から選択されるバイオマーカーの上昇したレベルを有する、好酸球性食道炎(EoE)の少なくとも1つの症状または兆候を示す対象を選択することと、
インターロイキン−4受容体(IL−4R)阻害剤を含む治療有効量の医薬組成物をそれを必要とする対象に投与することと
を含む前記方法。 - 対象が、治療前または治療時(「ベースライン」)に食道において高倍率視野(hpf)あたり15個以上の好酸球を示すことを基準にして選択される、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 対象が、IL−4R阻害剤の投与後10日目にベースラインからhpfあたりの好酸球数の少なくとも50%の減少を示す、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 対象が、治療前または治療の開始時(「ベースライン」)に約50pg/mLより大きいエオタキシン−3レベルを示すことを基準にして選択される、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 対象が、投与後10日目にベースラインからエオタキシン−3レベルにおいて少なくとも50%の減少を示す、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 対象が、乳製品、卵、小麦、大豆、トウモロコシ、魚、甲殻類、ピーナッツ、木の実、牛肉、鶏肉、オート麦、大麦、豚肉、インゲン、リンゴおよびパイナップルからなる群から選択される食品に含有される食物アレルゲンに対してアレルギー反応を示す、請求項13〜17のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 対象が、ダスト、花粉、カビ、植物、ネコ、イヌまたは昆虫からなる群から選択される供給源由来の非食物アレルゲンに対してアレルギー反応を示す、請求項13〜17のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 兆候が、食道の好酸球浸潤、食道壁の肥厚、拒食、嘔吐、腹痛、胸焼け、吐き戻し、嚥下障害および食片圧入からなる群から選択される、請求項13〜19のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- インターロイキン−4受容体(IL−4R)阻害剤を含む治療有効量の医薬組成物をそれを必要する対象に投与することを含む、好酸球性食道炎(EoE)関連バイオマーカーのレベルを減少させる方法。
- EoE関連バイオマーカーが、食道好酸球数、エオタキシン−3、TARC、ペリオスチン、IgE、IL−5、IL−13、胸腺間質性リンホポエチン(TSLP)および好酸球由来神経毒(EDN)からなる群から選択される、請求項21に記載の方法。
- 対象が、治療前または治療の開始時(「ベースライン」)に食道において高倍率視野(hpf)あたり15個以上の好酸球を示す、請求項22に記載の方法。
- 食道における好酸球数が、IL−4R阻害剤の投与後10日目までにベースラインから少なくとも50%減少する、請求項23に記載の方法。
- 対象が、乳製品、卵、小麦、大豆、トウモロコシ、魚、甲殻類、ピーナッツ、木の実、牛肉、鶏肉、オート麦、大麦、豚肉、インゲン、リンゴおよびパイナップルからなる群から選択される食品に含有される食物アレルゲンに対してアレルギー反応を示す、請求項21〜24のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 対象が、ダスト、花粉、カビ、植物、ネコ、イヌまたは昆虫の1つから選択される供給源由来の非食物アレルゲンに対してアレルギー反応を示す、請求項21〜24のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 対象が、好酸球性食道炎(EoE)を有する、請求項21〜26のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 対象が、IL−4R阻害剤の投与前または投与時に、アトピー性皮膚炎、喘息、アレルギー性鼻炎およびアレルギー性結膜炎からなる群から選択される疾患もしくは障害を有するまたはそれと診断される、請求項1〜27のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- IL−4R阻害剤が第2の治療薬または第2の治療法を併用して投与され、第2の治療薬または第2の治療法が、IL−1β阻害剤、IL−5阻害剤、IL−9阻害剤、IL−13阻害剤、IL−17阻害剤、IL−25阻害剤、TNFα阻害剤、エオタキシン−3阻害剤、IgE阻害剤、プロスタグランジンD2阻害剤、免疫抑制剤、コルチコステロイド、グルココルチコイド、プロトンポンプ阻害剤、NSAID、アレルゲン除去および食事管理からなる群から選択される、請求項1〜28のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- IL−4R阻害剤が、IL−4Rαに結合し、IL−4および/またはIL−13の、1型もしくは2型IL−4R受容体との相互作用を阻害する抗体またはその抗原結合断片である、請求項1〜29のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 抗体またはその抗原結合断片が、IL−4およびIL−13の、1型と2型IL−4受容体の両方との相互作用を阻害する、請求項30に記載の方法。
- 抗体およびその抗原結合断片が、配列番号1のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖可変領域(HCVR)の重鎖相補性決定領域(HCDR)および配列番号2のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖可変領域(LCVR)の軽鎖相補性決定領域(LCDR)を含む、請求項31に記載の方法。
- 抗体およびその抗原結合断片が、3つのHCDR(HCDR1、HCDR2およびHCDR3)および3つのLCDR(LCDR1、LCDR2およびLCDR3)を含み、HCDR1は配列番号3のアミノ酸配列を含み;HCDR2は配列番号4のアミノ酸配列を含み;HCDR3は配列番号5のアミノ酸配列を含み;LCDR1は配列番号6のアミノ酸配列を含み;LCDR2は配列番号7のアミノ酸配列を含み;およびLCDR3は配列番号8のアミノ酸配列を含む、請求項32に記載の方法。
- HCVRが配列番号1のアミノ酸配列を含み、およびLCVRが配列番号2のアミノ酸配列を含む、請求項33に記載の方法。
- 抗体またはその抗原結合断片が、配列番号13のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖と配列番号14のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖とを含む、請求項30または31に記載の方法。
- IL−4R阻害剤がデュピルマブまたはその生物学的同等物である、請求項1〜35のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
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