JP2016184508A - 蓄電素子 - Google Patents
蓄電素子 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2016184508A JP2016184508A JP2015064186A JP2015064186A JP2016184508A JP 2016184508 A JP2016184508 A JP 2016184508A JP 2015064186 A JP2015064186 A JP 2015064186A JP 2015064186 A JP2015064186 A JP 2015064186A JP 2016184508 A JP2016184508 A JP 2016184508A
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- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 97
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 84
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 47
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- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
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- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 229920002101 Chitin Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
【解決手段】電極基材111,121と、電極基材111,121の表面を覆うように配置され且つ活物質粒子を含む活物質層112,122と、電極基材111,112と活物質層112,122との間に配置され且つ結着剤を含む中間層113と、を有する電極11,12を備え、活物質層112,122の活物質粒子は、中間層113に入り込み電極基材111,121及び中間層113と接触している、蓄電素子。
【選択図】図2
Description
正極11の活物質粒子は、二次粒子を含み、二次粒子は、表面に凹凸を有する。表面に凹凸を有する二次粒子は、例えば、一次粒子が球状に集まった中央部と、一次粒子が中央部の表面から外方へ突出した凸部とによって形成される。凸部は、例えば、中間層113を突き抜けて金属箔111にめり込んでいる。
(1)正極の作製
導電助剤(炭素質材料 アセチレンブラック 平均粒子径−35nm)と、結着剤(キトサン 製品名「DCN」大日精化工業社製)と、N−メチル−2−ピロリドン(NMP)とを導電助剤/結着剤/NMP=5/5/90の質量比で混合することによって、中間層用の組成物を調製した。調製した組成物を、厚み15μmのアルミ箔の両方の面上に、乾燥後に0.2g/m2の量となるようにそれぞれ塗布した。溶剤としてNMPと、導電助剤(アセチレンブラック)と、バインダ(PVdF)と、正極活物質(LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2)とを、混合、混練することで、正極用の合剤を調製した。導電助剤、バインダ、正極活物質の配合量は、それぞれ4.5質量%、4.5質量%、91質量%とした。調製した正極用の合剤を、乾燥後に10mg/cm2の量となるように、中間層用の組成物上にそれぞれ塗布した。乾燥後、正極活物質層中の活物質充填密度が3g/mLになるようにロールプレスを行った。ロールプレス時のプレス条件(線圧)は、30kgf/mmとした。その後、真空乾燥して、水分を除去した。
負極活物質としては、平均粒径D50が10μmのグラファイトを用いた。また、バインダとしては、PVdFを用いた。負極用の合剤は、溶剤としてNMPと、バインダと、負極活物質とを混合、混練することで作製した。バインダは、7質量%となるように配合し、負極活物質は、93質量%となるように配合した。作製した負極用の合剤を、乾燥後に5mg/cm2の量となるように厚み10μmの銅箔上に塗布した。乾燥後、負極合剤中の活物質充填密度が1.5g/mLになるようにロールプレスを行い、真空乾燥して、水分を除去した。
セパレータとして幅10cm、厚み21μmのポリエチレン製微多孔膜を準備した。
電解液としては、以下の方法で調製したものを用いた。非水溶媒として、プロピレンカーボネート、ジメチルカーボネート、エチルメチルカーボネートを、それぞれ30体積%、40体積%、30体積%となるように混合した溶媒を用い、この非水溶媒に、塩濃度が1.2mol/LとなるようにLiPF6を溶解させ、電解液を調製した。
上記の正極、上記の負極、上記の電解液、セパレータ、及びケースを用いて、一般的な方法によって電池を製造した。
まず、セパレータが上記の正極および負極の間に配されて積層されてなるシート状物を巻回した。次に、巻回されてなる電極体を、ケースとしてのアルミニウム製の角形電槽缶のケース本体内に配置した。続いて、正極及び負極を2つの外部端子それぞれに電気的に接続させた。さらに、ケース本体に蓋板を取り付けた。上記の電解液を、ケースの蓋板に形成された注液口からケース内に注入した。最後に、ケースの注液口を封止することにより、ケースを密閉した。
中間層用の組成物を0.3g/m2の量となるようにそれぞれ塗布した点以外は、実施例1と同様にしてリチウムイオン二次電池を製造した。
中間層用の組成物を0.4g/m2の量となるようにそれぞれ塗布した点以外は、実施例1と同様にしてリチウムイオン二次電池を製造した。
中間層用の組成物を0.6g/m2の量となるように塗布した点以外は、実施例1と同様にしてリチウムイオン二次電池を製造した。
中間層用の組成物を0.2g/m2の量となるように塗布し、ロールプレス時の線圧を5kgf/mmとした点以外は、実施例1と同様にしてリチウムイオン二次電池を製造した。
中間層を作製しなかった点以外は、実施例1と同様にしてリチウムイオン二次電池を製造した。
正極を作製した時点で、正極を厚み方向に切断し、断面を走査型電子顕微鏡によって観察した。それぞれの実施例及び比較例の観察像の例を図12〜図16に示す。各観察像の下に示す直線線分は、スケールを示す。
実施例1〜4の正極では、活物質粒子が中間層を突き抜けて金属箔にめり込んでいた(突入していた)。実施例4の正極では、活物質粒子が中間層を突き抜けて金属箔及び中間層と接触していた。一方、比較例1の正極では、活物質粒子が中間層に入り込んでいるものの金属箔とは接触していなかった。比較例2の正極では、活物質粒子が単に金属箔にめり込んでいた。
充放電サイクル数に対する抵抗値比率を一般的な方法によって確認することにより、電池性能(内部抵抗)の評価を行った。横軸を充放電サイクル数とし、縦軸を抵抗値比率として測定値をプロットしたグラフによって、評価結果を図17に示す。なお、抵抗値は、比較例2の電池におけるサイクル数0のときの抵抗値を100としたときの比率(相対値)によって表されている。
中間層がない比較例2の場合、サイクル数が増大するにつれて、抵抗値比率が増加の一途である。一方、中間層がある場合、中間層用の組成物の塗布量が増加するにつれて、抵抗値比率の増加が鈍化した。このことから、中間層の存在、及び、中間用の組成物の量が電池性能の向上に明らかに寄与していることがわかった。また、金属箔に活物質がめり込むことの有無と、抵抗値比率との関係を、実施例1と比較例1において比較した。その結果、中間層用の組成物に対するロールプレス圧を下げて、金属箔に活物質をめり込ませなかった場合(比較例1)に比べ、めり込ませた場合(実施例1)では、明らかに抵抗値比率が低かった。極箔に活物質がめり込むことも、抵抗値比率低減に寄与していることがわかった。
2:電極体、
26:露出積層部、
3:ケース、 31:ケース本体、 32:蓋板、
4:セパレータ、
5:集電体、 50:クリップ部材、
6:絶縁カバー、
7:外部端子、 71:面、
11:正極、
111:正極基材(正極の金属箔)、 112:正極活物質層、 113:中間層、
12:負極、
121:負極基材(負極の金属箔)、 122:負極活物質層、
91:バスバ部材、
100:蓄電装置。
Claims (9)
- 電極基材と、該電極基材の表面を覆うように配置され且つ活物質粒子を含む活物質層と、前記電極基材と前記活物質層との間に配置され且つ結着剤を含む中間層と、を有する電極を備え、
前記活物質層の活物質粒子は、前記中間層に入り込み前記電極基材及び前記中間層と接触している、蓄電素子。 - 前記中間層の厚みは、0.1μm以上2μm以下である、請求項1に記載の蓄電素子。
- 前記電極は、正極である、請求項1又は2に記載の蓄電素子。
- 前記活物質層の活物質粒子は、LixNiyMnzCo(1−y−z)O2の化学組成で表されるリチウム金属複合酸化物(ただし、0<x≦1.3であり、0<y<1であり、0<z<1である)を含む、請求項3に記載の蓄電素子。
- 前記活物質粒子は、二次粒子を含み、二次粒子は、表面に凹凸を有する、請求項1乃至4のいずれか1項に記載の蓄電素子。
- 前記中間層の厚みは、前記活物質粒子の一次粒子の平均粒径D50よりも小さい、請求項1乃至5のいずれか1項に記載の蓄電素子。
- 前記中間層は、導電助剤をさらに含む、請求項1乃至6のいずれか1項に記載の蓄電素子。
- 前記導電助剤は、カーボンブラックである、請求項7に記載の蓄電素子。
- 前記中間層の結着剤は、キトサン分子構造を有する化合物である、請求項1乃至8のいずれか1項に記載の蓄電素子。
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