JP2015532607A - 超音波イメージングシステムのメモリアーキテクチャ - Google Patents
超音波イメージングシステムのメモリアーキテクチャ Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、引用により開示内容が本明細書中に組み込まれている2012年8月21日出願の米国仮特許出願第61/691,717号(名称:「超音波イメージングシステムのメモリアーキテクチャ(Ultrasound Imaging System Memory Architecture)」)の利益を請求するものである。
本明細書で言及される全ての刊行物及び特許出願は、それぞれの刊行物又は特許出願が引用により明確かつ個別に本明細書中に組み込まれると示されたかのように、引用により本明細書中に組み込まれるものとする。
本開示は、一般に、超音波イメージングシステムに関し、より詳細には、生エコーデータメモリ装置を利用する超音波イメージングシステムに関する。
従来の超音波イメージングでは、超音波エネルギーの集束ビームを検査するべき体組織に送信し、戻されたエコーを検出してプロットし、これにより画像を形成する。超音波は、診断目的で広く使用されているが、従来の超音波は、スキャニングの深度、スペックルノイズ、低い方位分解能、隠れた組織、及び他のこのような問題によって大きく制限される。
超音波イメージングの方法が提供され、該方法は、多数開口イメージングシステムを用いて非集束ピング超音波パルスを送信して目的の領域を超音波照射するステップ、該目的の領域の第1のセクションの第1の画像をリアルタイムで形成するステップ、該超音波照射された領域から受信したエコーデータをメモリ装置に保存するステップ、該保存するステップの後に、該メモリ装置から該エコーデータを取り出すステップ、及び該エコーデータを処理して該目的の領域の第2のセクションの第2の画像を形成するステップであって、該第2のセクションが、該第1のセクションに存在しない該目的の領域の部分に亘る、該ステップを含む。
本発明の新規な特徴は、特に添付の特許請求の範囲で説明する。本発明の特徴及び利点は、本発明の原理が利用されている例示的な実施態様を説明する以下の詳細な説明、及び添付の図面を参照すればより良く理解できるであろう。
様々な実施態様を、添付の図面を参照して詳細に説明する。特定の例及び実施についての言及は、例示目的であり、本発明の範囲又は特許請求の範囲を限定することを意図とするものではない。
様々な実施態様が、様々な解剖学的構造の超音波イメージングに関連付けて本明細書で説明されるが、本明細書に図示され、説明される多くの方法及び装置を、他の用途、例えば、非解剖学的構造及び物体のイメージング及び評価にも使用することができることを理解されたい。例えば、本明細書で説明されるプローブ、システム、及び方法は、様々な機械的物体、構造的物体、又は材料、例えば、接合部、管、梁、板材、圧力容器、積層構造などの非破壊試験又は評価に使用することができる。以下の様々な実施態様は、後にビーム形成して処理し、画像データにするために、ビーム形成前の生の超音波データを保存するように構成された超音波イメージングシステムに使用されるシステム及び方法を含む。このようなシステムは、超音波イメージングシステムを用いる様々なユニークな方法を可能にする。
様々な実施態様では、ピングベース超音波イメージングとも呼ばれる点源送信超音波イメージングは、従来のスキャンラインベースイメージングよりもいくつかの優れた点を有する。点源送信は、指向性スキャンラインに沿ってトランスデューサ素子アレイから特定の方向にエネルギーを集束させる「フェーズドアレイ送信」とは空間特性が異なる。非集束点源パルス(ピング)を、スキャニング平面に円形(又は球形)波面を形成するように送信することができ、これにより可能な限り広い面積を超音波照射することができる。目的の領域にある散乱体からのエコーは、受信開口の全ての素子に戻ることになる。これらのエコー信号をフィルタリングし、増幅し、デジタル化し、そして短期又は長期メモリ(特定のシステムの要求又は性能によって決まる)に保存することができる。
上記説明されたように、多数の画像層を組み合わせて、最終組み合わせ画像の全体の質を改善することができる。一部の実施態様では、画像層の数は、受信開口の数と送信開口の数との積とすることができる(この場合、「送信開口」は、1つの送信素子又は一群の送信素子とすることができる)。他の実施態様では、同じピングイメージングプロセスも、1つの受信開口を用いて行うことができる。一部の実施態様では、ある画像層の組み合わせは、ビーム形成の前に行うことができる。このような実施態様では、エコーの2つ以上のセットを(以下に説明されるように)コヒーレント又はインコヒーレントに組み合わせることができ、ビーム形成プロセスは、このような組み合わせの結果を使用して行うことができる。このようなビーム形成前の画像層の組み合わせを使用して、共通の受信開口の多数の素子によって受信されたエコーから形成することができるサブ画像に対応するエコーデータを組み合わせることができる。あるいは、このようなビーム形成前の画像層の組み合わせを使用して、1つの受信素子によって受信される同相及び直角位相エコーデータから形成することができるサブ画像に対応するエコーデータを組み合わせることができる。
図3は、超音波イメージングシステムの一部の実施態様に含めることができる構成要素を例示するブロック図である。図3のブロック図は、いくつかのサブシステム:送信制御サブシステム204、プローブサブシステム202、受信サブシステム210、画像形成サブシステム230、及びビデオサブシステム240を含む。ほとんどの超音波システムとは異なり、図3のシステムは、後に取り出して処理するためにビーム形成されていない生エコーデータを保存するように構成されたメモリ装置を提供する。
図3のブロック図及び図5の工程系統図を参照して、生エコーデータを収集して記録するためのプロセス500の一実施態様を以下に説明する。まず、送信制御装置204は、プローブ202の1つ以上の送信素子が超音波ピング502を送信するように指示することができる。一部の実施態様では、送信制御装置204は、送信ピングについてのデジタルデータ(例えば、ピングに使用される各送信素子の識別、ピングの大きさ、ピングの継続期間、送信超音波信号の周波数及び特定の波形、又は他のデータ)を生データメモリ220に明示的に伝達することもできる504。ピング信号が送信された直後(又は送信される前)に、プローブ202の受信トランスデューサ素子が、エコーの受信及び対応するアナログ信号の生成を開始することができる。一部の実施態様では、受信データを収集するまで一定時間が経過するのを待つのが望ましいであろう。このような実施態様では、「収集開始」信号を、このような一定時間が経過した後にAFE 212及び/又はADC 214に送信することができる。このような一定時間は、画像化される物体内の所望の深さ範囲からエコーデータのみを収集するように選択することができる。
一部の実施態様では、上記説明されたように生データメモリ装置に収集されて保存された生エコーデータを、後に外部(例えば、バックアップ)メモリ記憶装置にコピー又は送信することができる。このようなデータ送信は、任意の利用可能な有線又は無線データ転送システム、例えば、ブルートゥース、IR/赤外線、USB、IEEE 1394ファイアワイヤ、Thunderbolt、又はイーサネット/イントラネット/インターネット(TCP/IP、FTPなど)などによって行うことができる。一部の実施態様では、データは、再処理、再ビーム形成、及び画像の観察のために超音波イメージングシステム(例えば、超音波照射及び生エコーデータの収集に使用される同じシステム、又は同様に構成された超音波イメージングシステム)に戻すことができる。他の実施態様では、パーソナルコンピュータを、専用の超音波イメージングシステムを使用しないで生エコーデータをビーム形成及び/又は処理するためのソフトウェア及び/又はハードウェアを用いて設定することができる。他の実施態様では、生エコーデータを、その他の適切に構成された計算装置又はシステム、例えば、タブレット又はスマートフォンのソフトウェアによってビーム形成し、処理し、そして表示することができる。他の実施態様では、生エコーデータを、画像データを遠隔処理することができるネットワークにアクセス可能なサーバにネットワークを介してアップロードすることができる。
生データメモリを備える超音波イメージングシステムの一部の実施態様は、超音波イメージングの診断の有用性を劇的に拡張することができる多くのユニークなユーザーインタラクションを可能にし得る。イメージングセッション中に生エコーデータを収集して保存することにより、このような超音波イメージングシステムは、使用者が、基本的なビーム形成及び画像処理の設定を調整して、保存された生エコーデータのみを用いて劇的に改善された画像及び/又は代替の視野又は詳細を得ることを可能にする。
3次元ボリュームの生データもまた、同様のシステム及び方法を用いて有利に収集し、保存し、再ビーム形成することができる。上記説明された同じピングベースイメージング技術を、1つの平面に制限されないピング信号(例えば、3次元半球又はほぼ半球の超音波信号)を送信して、画像化される媒体に垂直な少なくとも2つの直交軸に沿って互いに離間した受信素子でエコーを受信することによって3Dボリュームデータに適用することができる。ピングベース3Dボリュームイメージング用に構成された多数開口超音波プローブは、大きい全開口を有することができ、この全開口は、意図するイメージング適用例のどの予想コヒーレント幅よりも実質的に大きくすることができる。
Claims (27)
- 超音波イメージングの方法であって:
多数開口イメージングシステムを用いて非集束ピング超音波パルスを送信して目的の領域を超音波照射するステップ;
該目的の領域の第1のセクションの第1の画像をリアルタイムで形成するステップ;
該超音波照射された領域から受信したエコーデータをメモリ装置に保存するステップ;
該保存するステップの後に、該メモリ装置から該エコーデータを取り出すステップ;及び
該エコーデータを処理して該目的の領域の第2のセクションの第2の画像を形成するステップであって、該第2のセクションが、該第1のセクションに存在しない該目的の領域の部分に亘る、該ステップ;を含む、前記方法。 - 前記形成するステップが、第1のセットのビーム形成パラメータを用いることを含み、前記処理するステップが、該第1のセットのビーム形成パラメータとは異なる第2のセットのビーム形成パラメータを用いることを含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記第2の画像が、前記第1の画像よりも高い画素解像度を有する、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記第2の画像が、前記第1のセクションの範囲内の前記目的の領域の一部に亘る、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記目的の領域の前記第1のセクション及び前記第2のセクションが全く重複していない、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記エコーデータを処理して前記目的の領域の第3のセクションの第3の画像を形成するステップであって、該第3の画像が、該第2の画像に存在しない該目的の領域の部分に亘る、該ステップ;及び
該第2の画像及び該第3の画像を同時に表示するステップ;をさらに含む、請求項1記載の方法。 - ヒトの心臓の断面を前記第1の画像で見ることができ、該心臓の第1の部分のみを前記第2の画像で見ることができ、かつ該心臓の第2の部分のみを前記第3の画像で見ることができる、請求項6記載の方法。
- 前記第2の画像を形成するステップ及び前記第3の画像を形成するステップが、複数の画像層を組み合わせることをさらに含み、該各画像層が、送信超音波パルスと受信開口の様々な組み合わせに対応し、該第2の画像を形成するステップが、該第3の画像を形成するステップとは異なる数の画像層を組み合わせることを含む、請求項6記載の方法。
- 前記第2の画像で見える物体を測定するステップをさらに含む、請求項6記載の方法。
- 超音波データを処理する方法であって:
第1のデータセットを第1の不揮発性デジタルメモリ装置から取り出すステップであって、該第1のデータセットが、送信開口の位置及び向きの情報を含む、該ステップ;
第2のデータセットを第2の不揮発性デジタルメモリ装置から取り出すステップであって、該第2のデータセットが、一連の超音波エコーストリングを含み、該各超音波エコーストリングが、エコーデータの生成に関与する送信開口に関連した該エコーデータを含む、該ステップ;
該送信開口の送信位置を該第1のデータセットから決定するステップ;
受信開口の受信位置を該第2のデータセットから決定するステップ;及び
該第2のデータセットを第1のセットのビーム形成パラメータを用いてビーム形成して、標的物体の第1のセットの画像を形成するステップ;を含む、前記方法。 - 少なくとも1つのビーム形成パラメータを調整して第2のセットのビーム形成パラメータを生成するステップ;及び
前記第2のデータセットを前記第2のセットのビーム形成パラメータを用いてビーム形成して、前記標的物体の第2のセットの画像を形成するステップ;をさらに含む、請求項10記載の方法。 - 前記少なくとも1つのビーム形成パラメータが、前記標的物体における音速である、請求項11記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つのビーム形成パラメータが、前記送信開口の送信トランスデューサ素子又は前記受信開口の受信トランスデューサ素子の位置である、請求項11記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つのビーム形成パラメータが重み付け係数である、請求項11記載の方法。
- 前記標的物体の画像ウィンドウを画定するステップ;及び
前記第2のデータセットをビーム形成して、該標的物体の該画像ウィンドウの第2のセットの画像を形成するステップ;をさらに含む、請求項10記載の方法。 - 前記画像ウィンドウが、前記第1のセットの画像の全領域よりも小さい、前記第1のセットの画像の範囲内の領域に亘り、前記方法が、前記第2のセットの画像で見える構造のサイズを測定するステップをさらに含む、請求項15記載の方法。
- 前記第2のデータセットから形成された画像に基づいてmモードラインを表示に追加するステップをさらに含む、請求項10記載の方法。
- 画像をコヒーレント及びインコヒーレントに組み合わせるためのアルゴリズムを調整するステップをさらに含む、請求項10記載の方法。
- 前記第1のセットの画像を形成するステップが、第1の複数の画像層を組み合わせて第1のセットのフレームを形成するステップであって、該各画像層が、前記送信開口と前記受信開口との異なる組み合わせに対応する、該ステップ、及び該第1のセットのフレームを第1のフレームレートで表示するステップをさらに含む、請求項10記載の方法。
- 前記第2のデータセットをビーム形成して前記標的物体の第2のセットの画像を形成するステップをさらに含み、該ステップが、第2の複数の画像層を組み合わせて第2のセットのフレームを形成するステップであって、該各画像層が、前記送信開口と前記受信開口との異なる組み合わせに対応し、該第2のセットのフレームが、前記第1のセットのフレームよりも多数のフレームを有する、該ステップ、及び該第2のセットのフレームを、前記第1のフレームレートよりも高い第2のフレームレートで表示するステップを含む、請求項19記載の方法。
- 超音波イメージングシステムであって:
複数の送信トランスデューサ素子及び複数の受信トランスデューサ素子を有する多数開口超音波プローブ;
該プローブの該送信トランスデューサ素子からの超音波パルスの送信を制御するように構成された送信制御電子機器;
該超音波パルスのエコーに対応する該受信トランスデューサ素子からエコー信号を受信するように構成された受信電子機器;及び
該受信電子機器と電子通信する生データメモリであって、少なくとも1つの送信素子の識別を表すデジタルデータ、該少なくとも1つの送信素子が超音波パルスを送信した時刻、及び該超音波パルスからのエコーの大きさを表す一連のデータ点を含む、該生データメモリ;を備える、前記システム。 - 前記生データメモリと電子通信するビームフォーマをさらに備え、該ビームフォーマが、該生データメモリからエコーデータを取り出し、該取り出したエコーデータから画像を形成するように構成されている、請求項21記載のシステム。
- 超音波画像を処理する計算装置であって:
プロセッサ;
プロセスコードを含む第1の不揮発性メモリ装置;
送信開口に関連した超音波エコーデータを含み、かつ受信開口の受信トランスデューサ素子に対する該送信開口の送信トランスデューサ素子の音響位置を決定するトランスデューサ素子の位置データを含む第2の不揮発性メモリ装置;を備え、
該プロセッサが、該第1の不揮発性メモリ装置内の該プロセスコードを実行して該超音波エコーデータを該第2のメモリ装置から取り出し、該トランスデューサ素子の位置データに基づいて該エコーデータをビーム形成することによって画像を形成するように構成されている、前記装置。 - 前記送信開口及び前記受信開口を含む超音波プローブに電子的又は物理的に接続されていない、請求項23記載の装置。
- 超音波イメージングの方法であって:
超音波ピングを少なくとも1つの送信素子から患者に送信するステップ;
該超音波ピングに関する送信情報を生データメモリに保存するステップ;
該超音波ピングに対応するエコーを少なくとも1つの受信素子で受信するステップ;
該エコーを複数のサンプリング点でサンプリングして、信号の大きさ及びタイムスタンプ入力を含むデジタル記録を生成するステップ;及び
該各サンプリング点についての該デジタル記録を該生データメモリに保存するステップ;を含む、前記方法。 - 前記デジタル記録から超音波画像を形成するステップをさらに含む、請求項25記載の方法。
- 前記送信素子及び前記受信素子の校正作業を行って最新の校正データを得るステップ;及び
前記デジタル記録を該最新の校正データを用いて処理して超音波画像を形成するステップ;をさらに含む、請求項25記載の方法。
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HK1208330A1 (en) | 2016-03-04 |
EP2887879A4 (en) | 2016-05-11 |
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EP2887879B1 (en) | 2021-05-26 |
CN104582582B (zh) | 2017-12-15 |
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CN104582582A (zh) | 2015-04-29 |
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