JP2015521953A - 触媒構造体の製造方法 - Google Patents
触媒構造体の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2015521953A JP2015521953A JP2015518852A JP2015518852A JP2015521953A JP 2015521953 A JP2015521953 A JP 2015521953A JP 2015518852 A JP2015518852 A JP 2015518852A JP 2015518852 A JP2015518852 A JP 2015518852A JP 2015521953 A JP2015521953 A JP 2015521953A
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- BIXNGBXQRRXPLM-UHFFFAOYSA-K ruthenium(3+);trichloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.Cl[Ru](Cl)Cl BIXNGBXQRRXPLM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
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- PJXQAOCWEXMVDG-UHFFFAOYSA-L [OH-].S(=O)(=O)([O-])[O-].[Fe+2].[NH4+] Chemical class [OH-].S(=O)(=O)([O-])[O-].[Fe+2].[NH4+] PJXQAOCWEXMVDG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-O azanium;hydron;hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].O VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FMOYQLHCKHIWFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon monoxide;cyclopenta-1,3-diene;iron(2+);methanone Chemical compound [Fe+2].[Fe+2].O=[CH-].O=[CH-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].C=1C=C[CH-]C=1.C=1C=C[CH-]C=1 FMOYQLHCKHIWFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011852 carbon nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005234 chemical deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007810 chemical reaction solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007771 core particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004683 dihydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002848 electrochemical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- CAYKJANQVKIYPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L ethane-1,2-diamine;palladium(2+);dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Pd+2].NCCN CAYKJANQVKIYPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- MEANOSLIBWSCIT-UHFFFAOYSA-K gadolinium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Gd](Cl)Cl MEANOSLIBWSCIT-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- RJOJUSXNYCILHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N gadolinium(3+) Chemical compound [Gd+3] RJOJUSXNYCILHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MCSCUSOUAQTGPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N gadolinium(3+) hydrate Chemical compound O.[Gd+3] MCSCUSOUAQTGPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZBMUAOFPFMAPHD-UHFFFAOYSA-H gadolinium(3+) trisulfate hydrate Chemical compound O.S(=O)(=O)([O-])[O-].[Gd+3].S(=O)(=O)([O-])[O-].S(=O)(=O)([O-])[O-].[Gd+3] ZBMUAOFPFMAPHD-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- VJLSFXQJAXVOEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N gadolinium(3+);propan-2-olate Chemical compound [Gd+3].CC(C)[O-].CC(C)[O-].CC(C)[O-] VJLSFXQJAXVOEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KGOKDPWKDBWITQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K gadolinium(3+);tribromide Chemical compound Br[Gd](Br)Br KGOKDPWKDBWITQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- MXYFVHNBWNHETM-UHFFFAOYSA-H gadolinium(3+);tricarbonate;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Gd+3].[Gd+3].[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O MXYFVHNBWNHETM-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- ILCLBMDYDXDUJO-UHFFFAOYSA-K gadolinium(3+);trihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Gd+3] ILCLBMDYDXDUJO-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- IZZTUGMCLUGNPM-UHFFFAOYSA-K gadolinium(3+);triiodide Chemical compound I[Gd](I)I IZZTUGMCLUGNPM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- QLAFITOLRQQGTE-UHFFFAOYSA-H gadolinium(3+);trisulfate Chemical compound [Gd+3].[Gd+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QLAFITOLRQQGTE-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- MWFSXYMZCVAQCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N gadolinium(iii) nitrate Chemical compound [Gd+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O MWFSXYMZCVAQCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007210 heterogeneous catalysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000554 ionomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000004698 iron complex Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940074994 mercuric sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000372 mercury(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004377 microelectronic Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002048 multi walled nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- NFSAPTWLWWYADB-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethyl-1-phenylethane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound CN(C)C(CN)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFSAPTWLWWYADB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FGHSTPNOXKDLKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitric acid;hydrate Chemical compound O.O[N+]([O-])=O FGHSTPNOXKDLKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005580 one pot reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- PBDBXAQKXCXZCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(2+);2,2,2-trifluoroacetate Chemical compound [Pd+2].[O-]C(=O)C(F)(F)F.[O-]C(=O)C(F)(F)F PBDBXAQKXCXZCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ZVSLRJWQDNRUDU-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(2+);propanoate Chemical compound [Pd+2].CCC([O-])=O.CCC([O-])=O ZVSLRJWQDNRUDU-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ULYNIEUXPCUIEL-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(2+);triethylphosphane;dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Pd+2].CCP(CC)CC.CCP(CC)CC ULYNIEUXPCUIEL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Pd+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- INIOZDBICVTGEO-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(ii) bromide Chemical compound Br[Pd]Br INIOZDBICVTGEO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010587 phase diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009832 plasma treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003057 platinum Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HRGDZIGMBDGFTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum(2+) Chemical compound [Pt+2] HRGDZIGMBDGFTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000256 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010486 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- LTUDISCZKZHRMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium;hydrate Chemical compound O.[K] LTUDISCZKZHRMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002250 progressing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- NREVZTYRXVBFAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-ol;yttrium Chemical compound [Y].CC(C)O.CC(C)O.CC(C)O NREVZTYRXVBFAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WYRXRHOISWEUST-UHFFFAOYSA-K ruthenium(3+);tribromide Chemical compound [Br-].[Br-].[Br-].[Ru+3] WYRXRHOISWEUST-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- YBCAZPLXEGKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-K ruthenium(iii) chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Ru+3] YBCAZPLXEGKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000013341 scale-up Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- DHCDFWKWKRSZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfurothioic S-acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=S DHCDFWKWKRSZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006557 surface reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010408 sweeping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013077 target material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007725 thermal activation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- SXVCBXHAHBCOMV-UHFFFAOYSA-K trichlorogadolinium;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Gd+3] SXVCBXHAHBCOMV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- BWOAAAYNOWWMHL-UHFFFAOYSA-K trichloroyttrium;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Y+3] BWOAAAYNOWWMHL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- ZEWQUBUPAILYHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluoperazine Chemical compound C1CN(C)CCN1CCCN1C2=CC(C(F)(F)F)=CC=C2SC2=CC=CC=C21 ZEWQUBUPAILYHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002324 trifluoperazine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- TYIZUJNEZNBXRS-UHFFFAOYSA-K trifluorogadolinium Chemical compound F[Gd](F)F TYIZUJNEZNBXRS-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- JPJIEXKLJOWQQK-UHFFFAOYSA-K trifluoromethanesulfonate;yttrium(3+) Chemical compound [Y+3].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F.[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F.[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F JPJIEXKLJOWQQK-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940105965 yttrium bromide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940105963 yttrium fluoride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940105970 yttrium iodide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QVOIJBIQBYRBCF-UHFFFAOYSA-H yttrium(3+);tricarbonate Chemical compound [Y+3].[Y+3].[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O QVOIJBIQBYRBCF-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- LFWQXIMAKJCMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K yttrium(3+);triiodide Chemical compound I[Y](I)I LFWQXIMAKJCMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- RBORBHYCVONNJH-UHFFFAOYSA-K yttrium(iii) fluoride Chemical compound F[Y](F)F RBORBHYCVONNJH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
Images
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/46—Ruthenium, rhodium, osmium or iridium
- B01J23/462—Ruthenium
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Abstract
Description
周囲条件で溶媒中の前駆体化合物の溶液を提供する工程と;
周囲条件で溶媒中の少なくとも1m2/gの比表面積を有する支持体の懸濁液を提供する工程と;
任意選択的に支持体の懸濁液を超音波処理する工程と;
前駆体化合物の溶液と支持体の懸濁液とを混合する工程と;
超臨界または亜臨界状態での反応性溶媒を提供する工程と;
超臨界または亜臨界の反応性溶媒中で前駆体化合物の溶液と支持体の懸濁液との混合物を混ぜ合わせて反応液を形成する工程と;
反応液を、入口を通して反応管へ注入する工程と
反応管において超臨界または亜臨界反応性溶媒中での前駆体化合物の反応を可能にし、触媒ナノ粒子を支持体上に形成して触媒構造体を提供する工程と;
触媒構造体を、出口を通して反応管から取り出す工程と
を含む方法に関する。
周囲条件で溶媒中の少なくとも1m2/gの比表面積を有する支持体の懸濁液を提供する工程;
任意選択的に支持体の懸濁液を超音波処理する工程;
前駆体化合物の溶液と支持体の懸濁液とを混合する工程;
超臨界もしくは亜臨界状態での反応性溶媒を提供する工程;
超臨界もしくは亜臨界の反応性溶媒中で前駆体化合物の溶液と支持体の懸濁液との混合物を混ぜ合わせて反応液を形成する工程;
反応液を、入口を通して反応管へ注入する工程
反応管において超臨界もしくは亜臨界反応性溶媒中での前駆体化合物の反応を可能にし、触媒ナノ粒子を支持体上に形成して触媒構造体を提供する工程;および
触媒構造体を、出口を通して反応管から取り出す工程。
本発明の触媒構造体は、次の通り製造した。
724mgの質量の白金前駆体(H2PtCl6・6H2O)を、最終合成液において正確な濃度および重量比(Pt/C)を得るために微量天秤で正確に秤量した。これは、273mgの純Pt重量をもたらした。カーボン担体の質量は、10重量%のカーボン担体については27.3mgであろうことをPt/Cの所望の重量比を用いることによって決定し、それをその後秤量した。2つの反応剤をそれぞれ、別個のビーカー中で還元性溶媒としての100mLのエタノールと混合した。これは、白金前駆体塩を溶解させるが、カーボン担体を塊のままにする。カーボン担体を実験前に、超音波ホーンを用いて5〜10分間超音波処理してC担体を分散させ、より大きい表面積へのアクセスを確実にした。
様々なカーボン担体上への触媒白金および白金−ルテニウムナノ粒子の直接合成をここで報告する。合成は、溶媒エタノールが241℃および61.4バールより高い、超臨界体制で行った。
カーボン担体上への触媒白金ナノ粒子の直接合成をここで報告する。合成は、溶媒エタノールが241℃および61.4バールより高い、超臨界体制で行った。
カーボン支持体としてのKetjenBlack EC600jd(「KB」)上への触媒白金ナノ粒子の直接合成をここで報告する。合成は、溶媒エタノールが241℃および61.4バールより高い、超臨界体制で行った。
白金前駆体(H2PtCl6・6H2O;717mg、0.00138M)を、実験前に100mLのエタノールに溶解させ、金属前駆体の溶液をもたらした。カーボン担体(50:50のPt:C比のための270mg)を100mLの、1容積%のエチレングリコール(EG)入りのエタノールに分散させ、10分間超音波処理して良好な粒子分散を達成した。EGは、溶媒中のカーボン分散を向上させ、1容積%が十分であることが判明しており、ポンプ停止の機会を最小限にする。
図7のグラフは、Pt粒径(PXRD測定)の垂直ヒーター(熟成)温度(Tv)および圧力(p)依存性を示し、1〜5nm範囲での非常に正確なサイズ制御を例示する。具体的には、図7において、両ポンプ21および22の流量は10mL/分に保ち、一方溶媒ポンプ3は、257℃の混合温度を与えるように調節した。温度依存性(a)はp=300バールで測定したが、圧力依存性(b)はTv=400℃で測定した。これらの粒子の電気化学的測定(ECSAおよびMA)を、粒径が低下するとともに表面積および活性の両方の増加を表す、図8に示す。比較のために4.2nmの平均サイズのJohnson Matthey Hispec13100を、図8のグラフに含める。より小さいPt粒子は、Ptの集塊化、焼結および溶解のために、より大きいものよりも速く劣化するだろうと予期されるが、長期(応力)試験を行った。
合成される触媒のPt:C比は、Pt前駆体およびKetjenBlackの濃度(またはポンプ流量)から容易に調節される。図10のグラフは、KB上に合成されたPt粒子のPt:KB比、ECSAおよびMAの相関を示す。具体的には、触媒構造体は、一定のH2PtCl6濃度(0.00138M)および様々なKB含有率(黒マーカー)で合成されたか、または触媒構造体は、一定のKB量(99mlのエタノール/1mlのEG中の270mg)および様々なH2PtCl6濃度(中空マーカー)で合成された。両ECSAおよびMAの小さい低下が増加するPt濃度とともに見られ、それは、より低いPt濃度についての担体上のPt粒子のより良好な分散に帰することができる。
触媒の活性ならびに耐久性を両方とも増加させるために、異なるタイプのカーボンナノチューブおよびグラフェンフレークなどの、KetjenBlack以外のカーボンナノ粒子を触媒支持体として試験した。これらの合成された触媒材料のいくつかの電子顕微鏡写真を図11に示す。具体的には、図11(a)および(b)は、比50:50(Pt:G)のグラフェン上のPt粒子を示し;(c)は、比50:50(Pt:CNT)のMWCNT(8〜13nm直径)上のPt粒子を示し;(d)は、比20:80(Pt:CNT)のMWCNT(8〜13nm直径)上のPt粒子を示す。(図11(a)および(b)に示される700m2/gの表面積の、多くの欠陥および空洞を備える、熱剥離し、酸精製したフレーク(www.graphene−supermarket.comからの銘柄AO−1)が最も好適であったが、いくつかのタイプのグラフェンを使用した。とりわけMA測定は、グラフェンが電極上で乾燥されるときに積み重なり易く、たくさんのPt粒子についての測定中に酸素欠乏の原因となるという事実によって複雑であったが、ECSAおよびMAは両方ともKB上のPtに匹敵した(ECSA=50〜90m2/gPt、MA=0.2〜0.3A/mgPt)。したがってより高いMAが予想される。
KetjenBlack EC600jd(KB)上への触媒白金ナノ粒子の直接合成をここで報告する。合成は、反応性溶媒としてエタノールを使って超臨界体制で行った。構成の略図を図1bに示す。
Claims (31)
- 触媒ナノ粒子を有する触媒構造体の製造方法において
周囲条件で溶媒中の前駆体化合物の溶液を提供する工程と;
周囲条件で溶媒中の少なくとも1m2/gの比表面積を有する支持体の懸濁液を提供する工程と;
任意選択的に前記支持体の前記懸濁液を超音波処理する工程と;
前記前駆体化合物の前記溶液と前記支持体の前記懸濁液とを混合する工程と;
超臨界または亜臨界状態での反応性溶媒を提供する工程と;
前記超臨界または亜臨界の反応性溶媒中で前記前駆体化合物の前記溶液と前記支持体の前記懸濁液との混合物を混ぜ合わせて反応液を形成する工程と;
前記反応液を、入口を通して反応管へ注入する工程と
前記反応管において前記超臨界または亜臨界反応性溶媒中での前記前駆体化合物の反応を可能にし、前記触媒ナノ粒子を前記支持体上に形成して前記触媒構造体を提供する工程と;
前記触媒構造体を、出口を通して前記反応管から取り出す工程と
を含むことを特徴とする方法。 - 請求項1に記載の方法において、前記反応が連続条件下に行われることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項1または2に記載の方法において、前記反応管が1つ以上の追加の入口を第1入口の下流に含むことを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の方法において、滞留時間が約2秒〜約10秒の範囲にあることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の方法において、前記反応管が、前記入口と前記出口との間に冷却区域を含むことを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の方法において、前記反応性溶媒が、前記反応性溶媒の臨界点の温度(Tcr)より100℃低いもしくは100℃以内低い温度、またはTcrより高い温度を有し、前記反応性溶媒が、反応性溶媒の臨界点の圧力(Pcr)より30%低いもしくは30%以内低い圧力、またはTcrより高い圧力にあることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の方法において、前記反応性溶媒が前記反応性溶媒のTcrより高い温度を有し、前記反応性溶媒が前記反応性溶媒のPcrより高い圧力にあることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の方法において、前記触媒ナノ粒子が、遷移金属、ランタニド、Sc、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Gd、Y、Zr、Nb、Mo、Ru、Rh、Pd、Ag、Cd、Pt、Au、Ir、W、Srまたはそれらの組み合わせなどの、金属性であることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項8に記載の方法において、前記前駆体化合物が、H2PtCl6・6H2O、H2PtCl6・xH2O、PtCl2、PtCl4、PtO2、シス−ジクロロビス(ピリジン)白金(II)、白金(II)アセチルアセトネート(Pt(C5H7O2)2)(Pt(acac)2としても知られる)、PtBr2、PtI2、ジクロロ(エチレンジアミン)白金(II)(H2NCH2CH2NH2)PtCl2)、トランス−白金(II)ジアミンジクロリド(Pt(NH3)2Cl2)、酸化白金(IV)水和物(PtO2・xH2O)、ヘキサクロロ白金(IV)酸アンモニウム((NH4)2PtCl6)、ヘキサクロロ白金(IV)酸カリウム(K2PtCl6)、RuCl3、Ru(acac)3、塩化ルテニウム(III)水和物(RuCl3・xH2O)、ヨウ化ルテニウム(RuI3)、酸化ルテニウム(IV)水和物(RuO2・xH2O)、臭化ルテニウム(III)(RuBr3)、塩化ヘキサアミンルテニウム(II)([Ru(NH3)6]Cl2)またはそれらの組み合わせから選択されることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の方法において、前記触媒ナノ粒子が金属化合物を含むことを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項10に記載の方法において、前記金属化合物が、元素の周期表の族13、14、15または16からの原子などの、金属原子とパートナー原子、および/または配位子分子とを含むことを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項10または11に記載の方法において、前記金属が遷移金属またはランタニドであることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項10または11に記載の方法において、前記パートナー原子が、ホウ素(B)、炭素(C)、ケイ素(Si)、ゲルマニウム(Ge)、窒素(N)、リン(P)、ヒ素(As)、アンチモン(Sb)、酸素(O)、硫黄(S)、セレン(Se)、テルル(Te)、ハロゲンまたはそれらの組み合わせから選択されることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項10〜13のいずれか一項に記載の方法において、前記金属化合物が、MgO、CoxOy、FexOy、Fe2O3/NiO、YxFeyOz、FeTiO3、CuFe2O4、ZnFe2O4、ZrFe2、CuZnFe4O4、Zr4Sc1Fe10、TiO2、CeO2、ZrO2、MoxSy、CoSx−MoS2、Fe1−xSx、Ni(Co)Mo1−xWxS2またはそれらの組み合わせから選択されることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項1〜14のいずれか一項に記載の方法において、前記支持体の前記懸濁液および/または前記反応性溶媒が分散剤を含むことを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項1〜15のいずれか一項に記載の方法において、前記反応性溶媒が還元性溶媒または酸化性溶媒であることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項1〜16のいずれか一項に記載の方法において、前記反応性溶媒が、エタノール、メタノール、イソプロパノール、エチレングリコールまたはそれらの組み合わせであることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項1〜17のいずれか一項に記載の方法において、前記前駆体化合物対前記支持体の比が1:100〜100:1の範囲にあることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項1〜18のいずれか一項に記載の方法において、前記支持体の前記比表面積が、少なくとも100m2/gなどの、少なくとも10m2/gであることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項1〜19のいずれか一項に記載の方法において、前記反応性溶媒が、前記支持体を活性化させるための成分を含むことを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項1〜20のいずれか一項に記載の方法において、前記支持体が、グラフェン、還元された酸化グラフェン、酸化グラフェン、カーボンナノチューブ(CNT)、カーボンブラックまたはカーボンエアロゲルから選択されるものなどの、カーボン材料であることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項20または21に記載の方法において、前記成分がH2O、H2O2、H2SO4、HNO3、またはそれらの組み合わせであることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項1〜20のいずれか一項に記載の方法において、前記支持体が、エアロゲル、セラミック材料、金属、金属合金、ゼオライト、炭化タングステン、金属酸化物および金属硫化物から選択されることを特徴とする方法。
- 前記前駆体化合物の前記溶液と前記支持体の前記懸濁液との混合物の混合剤を前記反応管で冷却して前記混合剤を液化するという工程をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項5〜23のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 請求項1〜24のいずれか一項に記載の方法において、前記触媒ナノ粒子のサイズが、約1〜10nmまたは約1〜約5nmなどの、約1nm〜約50nmの範囲にあることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項1〜25のいずれか一項に記載の方法において、前記触媒ナノ粒子が単分散であることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項26に記載の方法において、前記触媒ナノ粒子が50%以下の標準偏差の直径を有することを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項1〜27のいずれか一項に記載の方法で得られることを特徴とする触媒構造体。
- 請求項28に記載の触媒構造体において、カーボン支持体上に形成された白金または白金−ルテニウムナノ粒子を含むことを特徴とする触媒構造体。
- 請求項29に記載の触媒構造体を含むことを特徴とする燃料電池。
- 直接アルコール型燃料電池であることを特徴とする、請求項30に記載の燃料電池。
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WO2014005598A1 (en) | 2014-01-09 |
US10195590B2 (en) | 2019-02-05 |
US20150202598A1 (en) | 2015-07-23 |
KR101978187B1 (ko) | 2019-05-14 |
CA2874888A1 (en) | 2014-01-09 |
JP6392214B2 (ja) | 2018-09-19 |
CA2874888C (en) | 2019-04-09 |
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