JP2015077418A5 - - Google Patents

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JP2015077418A5
JP2015077418A5 JP2014245062A JP2014245062A JP2015077418A5 JP 2015077418 A5 JP2015077418 A5 JP 2015077418A5 JP 2014245062 A JP2014245062 A JP 2014245062A JP 2014245062 A JP2014245062 A JP 2014245062A JP 2015077418 A5 JP2015077418 A5 JP 2015077418A5
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Fleischmannは、造影剤の短いボーラス注入、テスト注入(4ml/sで16mlの造影剤)が、診断の走査に先立って注入されることを定めた。動的な増強走査は対象である血管を横切ってなされた。生じた処理済みの走査データ(テスト走査)は、患者/造影剤システムのインパルス応答として解釈された。Fleischmannは、テスト注入のフーリエ変換でテスト走査のフーリエ変換を除することにより、患者伝達関数のフーリエ変換を引き出した。システムが線形の時間不変式(LTI)システムであり、所望の出力時間領域信号が既知であると仮定して(所定の増強レベルの水平な診断走査)、Fleischmannは、患者伝達関数の周波数領域表現で所望の出力の周波数領域表現を割ることにより、入力時間信号を引き出した。Fleischmann他の方法は、注入システム制限(例えば、流量制限)の結果、実際には実現可能でない入力信号を計算するので、計算された連続時間信号を切り捨てて(truncate)近似しなければならない。
コントラストの最初のボーラスは、スキャン時間と等しい時間で行なわれる。流量は、操作者によって決められる(この研究では5ml/sと仮定している)。従って、第1フェーズの体積は、スキャン時間と流量の積となる。第2フェーズの体積は、テスト注入のピークまでの時間、第1フェーズの時間、及び、スキャンの終了を考慮して決定される。造影剤注入は、スキャンの終了よりも長く続けるべきではない。注射位置から右心房に造影剤の伝搬遅延が生じるため(一般的に約5〜8秒)、造影剤の注入は、スキャンの終了の5〜8秒前に止めることで、続きの(follow on)造影剤を右心に充満させることができる。図15の実施例に関連して採られる措置は、5ml/sで40mlの生理的食塩水のフラッシュを定めていたから、我々は、スキャン終了の8秒前に、希釈フェーズの造影剤注入を終了した。

Claims (16)

  1. 診断撮像処置に関連して患者に実行される注入処置にて、流体の送達を可能とするシステムにおいて、
    (a)少なくとも1つの加圧機構に動作可能に関連づけられたコントローラであって、少なくとも1つの流体容器に収容された第1流体と第2流体の少なくとも1つが、少なくとも1つの加圧機構を通って患者に注入可能であり、第1流体は、診断撮像処置中に得られる画像のコントラストを増強するのに適したコントラスト増強流体を含み、第2流体は、
    非コントラスト増強流体である、コントローラを具えており、
    (b)コントローラは、診断撮像処のスキャン時間に亘って患者の少なくとも1つの対象領域を増強する複数のフェーズを含む注入プロトコルをプログラミングするプログラミングシステムを含んでおり、複数のフェーズは、コントラスト増強流体が注入される第1フェーズと、コントラスト増強流体と非コントラスト増強流体の混合物が注入される第2フェーズとを含んでおり、
    (c)プログラミングシステムのアルゴリズムを含むパラメータ生成器を具えており、
    パラメータ生成器は、実行される注入処置の種類とアルゴリズムとに部分的に基づいて、注入プロトコルのパラメータを決定し、少なくとも第1フェーズの体積Volと第2フェーズの体積Volとが、下式
    を用いて決定され、ここで、durationscanは、スキャン時間であり、Qは、第1フェーズの流量であり、durationは第1フェーズの時間であり、flush durationは、予め決定された生理的食塩水のフラッシュの時間であり、Qは、第2フェーズの流量であり、tscan−endは、下式
    を用いて計算され、ttest−bolus−peakは、コントラスト増強流体のテストボーラスの患者への注入から得られるピーク増強までの時間であり、
    (d)パラメータ生成器は更に、少なくとも、テストボーラスの注入の結果として少なくとも1つの対象領域にて起こるピーク増強に基づいて、アルゴリズムが混合物の比を計算可能であることを特徴とする、
    システム。
  2. 混合物の比は、テストボーラスの注入の結果として起こるピーク増強の大きさに基づいて、
    (a)ピーク増強>160HUならば、比=30/70、
    (b)ピーク増強≦160HUならば、比=50/50、又は
    (c)ピーク増強<120HUならば、比=70/30、
    として計算され、HUは、ハウンスフィールドユニットである、請求項1に記載のシステム。
  3. パラメータ生成器は更に、少なくとも1つの患者の生理的な変数に基づいて、第2フェーズにおける混合物の比を決定するように構成されている、請求項1に記載のシステム。
  4. 少なくとも1つの患者の生理的な変数は、体重、心拍出量及び身体の質量指数を含む、請求項3に記載のシステム。
  5. パラメータ生成器は、少なくとも1つの追加の変数に基づいて、パラメータを生成するように構成されている、請求項1に記載のシステム。
  6. 少なくとも1つの追加の変数は、第1流体中のコントラスト増強流体における造影剤の濃度、及び患者の生理的な変数のうちの1つである、請求項5に記載のシステム。
  7. コントローラは、手動でパラメータをプログラムするか、パラメータ生成器によってパラメータをプログラムするかについて、システムの操作者に選択肢を与える、請求項1に記載のシステム。
  8. パラメータ生成器によってプログラムされたパラメータは、操作者によって手動で変更できる、請求項1に記載のシステム。
  9. システムの操作者は、予め定められた複数の種類の注入処置から、注入処置の種類を選択する、請求項1に記載のシステム。
  10. システムの操作者は、パラメータを生成するためにパラメータ生成器によって使用されるのに適した複数のアルゴリズムからアルゴリズムを選択できる、請求項1に記載のシステム。
  11. アルゴリズムは、テストボーラスの注入の結果として少なくとも1つの対象領域にて起こるピーク増強までの時間に基づいて、混合物の比を計算できる、請求項1に記載のシステム。
  12. 少なくとも1つの対象領域は、心臓の左コンパートメントである1つの領域と、心臓の右コンパートメントであるもう1つの領域とを含む、請求項1に記載のシステム。
  13. 少なくとも1つの対象領域は、肝臓の第1部分である1つの領域と、肝臓の第2部分であるもう1つの領域とを含む、請求項1に記載のシステム。
  14. 複数のフェーズは、第3のフラッシュフェーズを含んでおり、フラッシュ流体の体積Volは、下式で決定され、
    は、第3フェーズの流量である、請求項1に記載のシステム。
  15. 患者の特定のデータを用いて患者への注入処置を決定する方法において、
    注入処置は、診断撮像処置のスキャン時間に亘って患者の少なくとも1つの対象領域を増強する複数のフェーズを含んでおり、
    (a)複数のフェーズのうちの第1フェーズにおける少なくとも1つのパラメータを決定するステップであって、第1フェーズは、コントラスト増強流体を患者に注入するのに使用され、第1フェーズにおける少なくとも1つのパラメータは、下式で決定される体積Volを含んでおり、
    ここで、durationscanは、スキャン時間であり、Qは、第1フェーズの流量であるステップと、
    (b)複数のフェーズのうちの第2フェーズにおける少なくとも1つのパラメータを決定するステップであって、第2フェーズは、コントラスト増強流体と非コントラスト増強流体の混合物を患者に注入するのに使用され、第2フェーズにおける少なくとも1つのパラメータは、下式で決定される体積Volを含んでおり、
    ここで、durationは第1フェーズの時間であり、flush durationは、予め決定された生理的食塩水のフラッシュの時間であり、Qは、第2フェーズの流量であり、tscan−endは、下式
    を用いて計算され、ttest−bolus−peakは、コントラスト増強流体のテストボーラスの患者への注入のピーク増強までの時間であるステップと、
    (c)少なくとも、テストボーラスの注入の結果として少なくとも1つの対象領域にて起こるピーク増強に基づいて、混合物の比を計算するステップと、
    を含んでいる方法。
  16. 混合物の比は、テストボーラスの注入の結果として起こるピーク増強の大きさに基づいて、
    (a)ピーク増強>160HUならば、比=30/70、
    (b)ピーク増強≦160HUならば、比=50/50、又は
    (c)ピーク増強<120HUならば、比=70/30、
    として計算され、HUは、ハウンスフィールドユニットである、請求項15に記載の方法。
JP2014245062A 2004-11-24 2014-12-03 注入処理の1又は複数フェーズのパラメータを決定する装置、システム及び方法 Active JP6262124B2 (ja)

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