JP2013532508A - 埋込み式誘電測定装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
本願は、米国仮特許出願第61/366,173号(2010年7月21日出願)の利益を請求し、この出願は本明細書に参照することによって援用される。
本発明は、概して、医療診断測定および監視のための方法およびシステムに関し、具体的には、生体組織の誘電特性の測定に関する。
いくつかの慢性的医療状態は、身体器官内およびその周囲に体液の貯留をもたらす。そのような状態の1つは、肺水腫であって、慢性的心不全および他の病状と関連付けられる。他の状態も、肝臓、脾臓、舌、口蓋、および内臓系等、他の器官内に、体液貯留をもたらし得る。長期間にわたって、患者の身体内の体液レベルを監視することは、継続的リスク査定および治療の調節において有用であり得る。
図1は、本発明のある実施形態による、患者22の胸部内に埋め込まれた誘電測定監視デバイス24を含む監視システム20を示す概略透視図である。デバイス24は、一般的には、形状およびサイズが、ペースメーカー等の従来の埋込み式心臓デバイス(ICD)に類似し、低侵襲的手技を使用して患者の皮膚の下に埋め込まれる電子ユニット28を備える。(代替実施形態では、デバイス24はまた、電極を含み、本明細書に説明される診断機能に加え、患者の心臓をペーシングするように構成されてもよい。)デバイス24は、代替として、例えば、図8および9に示されるように、他の場所に埋め込まれてもよい。
図6は、本発明のある実施形態による、誘電測定監視デバイス24の機能的構成要素を図式的に示すブロック図である。電子ユニット28の要素は、チタンまたはステンレス鋼等の好適な生体適合性材料を備える密閉されたケース80内に含有される。ケース80は、とりわけ、フロントエンド駆動回路82およびデジタル処理回路84を含む回路を含有する。駆動回路82は、指向性結合器95またはケーブル30からプローブ26(または、前述の他のプローブのうちの1つ)へのブリッジを介して、RF信号を伝送する送信機94を備える。駆動回路内の受信機96は、ケーブル30を介して、プローブ26から返された信号を受信し、信号の振幅および位相のデジタル化された指標をデジタル処理回路84に出力する。一般的には、駆動回路は、複数の異なる周波数において信号を印加し、各周波数において返される信号を監視する際に、周波数同調検出を使用する。
ここで、Γmeasは、周波数領域における測定された反射係数であって、Y0は、伝送線の特性アドミタンスである。負荷アドミタンスは、平行コンダクタンスσおよびサセプタンスBから構成される。サセプタンスは、プローブのエッジ容量を反映し、ひいては、組織の誘電率に関連する。
図8は、本発明のある実施形態による、胸部の中の誘電測定監視デバイス100の埋込みを示す、ヒト対象の胸部を通る概略断面図である。デバイス100を埋め込むために、外科医は、皮膚106および肋骨108の間の筋肉110を通る小切開を生成する。プローブ102は、次いで、プローブが、肺34の胸膜104外に設置されるように、切開を通して胸郭内に螺入され、電子機器ユニット112がプローブに接続される。一般的には、ユニット112は、胸部側の下側肋骨の2つの間に留置される。組織成長誘導材料114が、デバイスの組織統合を促進するために、ユニット112の周囲に適用されてもよい。電子ユニット112および薄型円形コイル116は、肋骨108の外側に残される。コイル116は、前述のように、デバイス100の充電を可能にする。ユニット112は、標準的取着方法を使用して、肋骨に取着される。
図12は、本発明のさらなる実施形態による、誘電測定プローブ160の概略上面図である。プローブ160は、基板166上にプリントされる導電性リング162を備える。基板166上の導体164は、リング162をポート168にリンクし、導体とリングとの間の小間隙は、共振測定の目的のために、リングを絶縁する。
Claims (66)
- 診断装置であって、
該装置は、
密閉されたケースであって、該密閉されたケースは、生体適合性材料を含み、ヒト対象の身体内の埋込みのために構成される、密閉されたケースと、
誘電測定プローブであって、該誘電測定プローブは、該ケースに接続され、第1および第2の導体を含み、該第1および第2の導体は、該身体の中の標的組織に近接して留置されるように構成される、誘電測定プローブと、
駆動回路であって、該駆動回路は、該ケースの中に含有され、無線周波数(RF)信号を該プローブに印加し、該プローブから返された信号を感知するように連結される、駆動回路と、
処理回路であって、該処理回路は、該返された信号に応答して、該標的組織の誘電特性を評価するように構成される、処理回路と
を含む、装置。 - 前記駆動回路は、複数の異なる周波数において、前記RF信号を前記プローブに印加し、前記返された信号を感知するように構成される、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記処理回路によって評価される前記誘電特性は、前記標的組織の複素誘電率を含む、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記処理回路は、前記第1の導体と第2の導体との間のインピーダンスを測定することによって、前記複素誘電率を評価するように構成される、請求項3に記載の装置。
- 前記処理回路は、前記プローブからの信号の反射を測定することによって、前記複素誘電率を評価するように構成され、該信号の反射は、前記標的組織におけるインピーダンス不整合を示す、請求項3に記載の装置。
- 前記処理回路は、前記プローブを通して伝送される信号の遅延を測定することによって、前記複素誘電率を評価するように構成される、請求項3に記載の装置。
- 前記処理回路は、前記プローブの共振周波数を測定することによって、前記複素誘電率を評価するように構成される、請求項3に記載の装置。
- 前記導体は、前記プローブの遠位端において、前記標的組織への同軸接点を提供するように配列される、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記同軸接点は、パッチを含み、該パッチは、前記標的組織に対して留置されるように構成される、請求項8に記載の装置。
- 前記同軸接点は、同軸先端を含み、該先端において、前記第1の導体は、同心円状に前記第2の導体内に含有され、該先端は、前記標的組織の中への挿入のために構成される、請求項8に記載の装置。
- 前記導体は、前記標的組織に近接して、伝送線を画定するように配列される、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記伝送線は、前記第1の導体を接地面として配列し、前記第2の導体を該接地面に平行なマイクロストリップとして配列することによって、画定される、請求項11に記載の装置。
- 伝送線は、前記第1の導体と第2の導体とを平行線として配列することによって、画定される、請求項11に記載の装置。
- 前記伝送線は、共平面導波路を含む、請求項11に記載の装置。
- 前記導体は、前記標的組織に近接して共振リングを画定するように配列される、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記処理回路は、前記誘電特性から、前記標的組織の体液含有量の測定値を導出するように構成される、請求項1−15のいずれかに記載の装置。
- 前記処理回路は、前記体液含有量を継続的に測定するように構成される、請求項16に記載の装置。
- 前記処理回路は、前記体液含有量を断続的に測定するように構成される、請求項16に記載の装置。
- 前記処理回路は、前記体液含有量の変化を経時的に測定するように構成される、請求項16に記載の装置。
- 前記ケースは、前記対象の胸部の中の移植のために構成される、請求項1−15のいずれかに記載の装置。
- 前記標的組織は、前記対象の肺である、請求項20に記載の装置。
- 前記プローブは、前記対象の胸郭と胸膜との間への挿入のために構成される、請求項21に記載の装置。
- 前記プローブは、一方向に自由に屈曲するが、任意の他の方向における屈曲に抵抗するように構成される、請求項22に記載の装置。
- ツールを含み、該ツールは、前記対象の肋骨の間に挿入され、前記胸郭の中への前記プローブの挿入を誘導するように構成される、請求項20に記載の装置。
- 前記ツールは、光チャネルを含み、該光チャネルは、前記胸郭の中への前記プローブの挿入の間、該プローブに沿って留置され、該ツールのオペレータが該プローブが挿入されるべき領域を視認可能になるように構成される、請求項24に記載の装置。
- 前記ケースは、前記対象の一対の肋骨の間への挿入のために構成される、請求項20に記載の装置。
- 前記標的組織は、脾臓、肝臓、舌、または口蓋組織である、請求項1−15のいずれかに記載の装置。
- 前記処理回路の少なくとも一部は、前記ケースの中に含有され、無線リンクを介して、前記身体外側の遠隔測定局に、情報を伝達するように構成される、請求項1−15のいずれかに記載の装置。
- 前記処理回路は、少なくとも1つの他の埋込み式デバイスと通信するように構成される、請求項1−15のいずれかに記載の装置。
- 電力アンテナを含み、該電力アンテナは、誘導リンクを介して、前記身体外側の送信機から、前記処理回路に給電するための電気エネルギーを受信するように構成される、請求項1−15のいずれかに記載の装置。
- 1つ以上の付加的センサを含み、該1つ以上の付加的センサは、前記ケースに接続され、前記身体の中の埋込みのために構成される、請求項1−15のいずれかに記載の装置。
- 前記付加的センサのうちの少なくとも1つは、電極を含み、該電極は、前記心臓から電気信号を受信するように構成され、前記処理回路は、該心臓からの該電気信号に応答して、前記返された信号の測定をゲートするように構成される、請求項31に記載の装置。
- 前記処理回路は、前記対象の心拍および呼吸運動のうちの少なくとも1つに起因する前記誘電特性の変調を検出するように構成される、請求項1−15のいずれかに記載の装置。
- 診断方法であって、
該方法は、
第1および第2の導体を含む誘電プローブをヒト対象の身体の中の標的組織に近接して埋め込むことと、
無線周波数(RF)信号を該プローブに印加し、該プローブから返された信号に応答して、該標的組織の誘電特性を評価することと
を含む、方法。 - 前記RF信号を印加することは、複数の異なる周波数において、RF信号を印加し、返された信号を感知することを含む、請求項34に記載の方法。
- 前記誘電特性を評価することは、前記標的組織の複素誘電率を見つけることを含む、請求項34に記載の方法。
- 前記複素誘電率を見つけることは、前記第1の導体と第2の導体との間のインピーダンスを測定することを含む、請求項36に記載の方法。
- 前記複素誘電率を見つけることは、前記プローブからの前記信号の反射を測定することを含み、該信号の反射は、前記標的組織におけるインピーダンス不整合を示す、請求項36に記載の方法。
- 前記複素誘電率を見つけることは、前記プローブを通して伝送される前記信号の遅延を測定することを含む、請求項36に記載の方法。
- 前記複素誘電率を見つけることは、前記プローブの共振周波数を測定することを含む、請求項36に記載の方法。
- 前記導体は、前記プローブの遠位端において、前記標的組織への同軸接点を提供するように配列される、請求項34に記載の方法。
- 前記同軸接点は、パッチを含み、該パッチは、前記標的組織に対して留置される、請求項41に記載の方法。
- 前記同軸接点は、同軸先端を含み、該先端において、前記第1の導体は、同心円状に前記第2の導体内に含有され、該先端は、前記標的組織の中に挿入される、請求項41に記載の方法。
- 前記導体は、前記標的組織に近接して、伝送線を画定するように配列される、請求項34に記載の方法。
- 前記伝送線は、前記第1の導体を接地面として配列し、前記第2の導体を該接地面に平行なマイクロストリップとして配列することによって画定される、請求項44に記載の方法。
- 伝送線は、前記第1の導体と第2の導体とを平行線として配列することによって画定される、請求項44に記載の方法。
- 前記伝送線は、共平面導波路を含む、請求項44に記載の方法。
- 前記導体は、共振リングを前記標的組織に近接して画定するように配列される、請求項34に記載の方法。
- 前記誘電特性から、前記標的組織の体液含有量の測定値を導出することを含む、請求項34−48のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記測定値を導出することは、前記体液含有量を継続的に測定することを含む、請求項49に記載の方法。
- 前記測定値を導出することは、前記体液含有量を断続的に測定することを含む、請求項49に記載の方法。
- 前記測定値を導出することは、前記体液含有量の変化を経時的に測定することを含む、請求項49に記載の方法。
- 前記方法が、ケースを前記対象の胸部の中に埋め込むことを含み、該ケースは、前記プローブに接続される、請求項34−48のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記標的組織は、前記対象の肺を含む、請求項53に記載の方法。
- 前記誘電測定プローブを埋め込むことは、前記対象の胸郭と胸膜との間に該プローブを挿入することを含む、請求項54に記載の方法。
- 前記プローブは、一方向に自由に屈曲するが、任意の他の方向に屈曲することに抵抗するように構成される、請求項55に記載の方法。
- 前記誘電測定プローブは、前記胸郭の中への該プローブの挿入を誘導するために前記対象の肋骨の間にツールを挿入することを含む、請求項53に記載の方法。
- 前記ツールは、光チャネルを含み、該光チャネルは、前記胸郭の中への前記プローブの挿入の間、該プローブに沿って留置され、該ツールのオペレータが該プローブが挿入されるべき領域を視認可能になるように構成される、請求項57に記載の方法。
- 前記ケースを挿入することは、一対の前記対象の肋骨の間に該ケースを挿入することを含む、請求項53に記載の方法。
- 前記標的組織は、脾臓、肝臓、舌、または口蓋組織である、請求項34−48のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前無線リンクを介して、情報を前記身体外側の遠隔測定局に伝送することを含む、請求項34−48のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記プローブに接続される前記埋込み式デバイスと、少なくとも1つの他の埋込み式デバイスとの間で通信することを含む、請求項34−48のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記身体外側の送信機から、誘導リンクを介して、前記プローブを給電するための電気エネルギーを受信することを含む、請求項34−48のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記ケースに1つ以上の付加的センサを接続することと、前記身体の中に該1つ以上の付加的センサを埋め込むこととを含む、請求項34−48のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記付加的センサのうちの少なくとも1つは、電極を含み、該電極は、前記心臓から電気信号を受信するように構成され、前記誘電特性を評価することは、該心臓からの該電気信号に応答して、前記返された信号の測定をゲートすることを含む、請求項64に記載の方法。
- 前記誘電特性を評価することは、前記対象の心拍および呼吸運動のうちの少なくとも1つに起因する該誘電特性の変調を検出することを含む、請求項34−48のいずれかに記載の方法。
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Also Published As
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EP2595694B1 (en) | 2016-06-01 |
US20130190646A1 (en) | 2013-07-25 |
US20170238966A1 (en) | 2017-08-24 |
CA2805946A1 (en) | 2012-01-26 |
US9788752B2 (en) | 2017-10-17 |
CA2805947A1 (en) | 2012-01-26 |
EP2595694A1 (en) | 2013-05-29 |
EP2595694A4 (en) | 2014-04-09 |
US9220420B2 (en) | 2015-12-29 |
US20130231550A1 (en) | 2013-09-05 |
EP2595532A1 (en) | 2013-05-29 |
US10136833B2 (en) | 2018-11-27 |
WO2012011065A1 (en) | 2012-01-26 |
EP2595532A4 (en) | 2014-04-09 |
JP6081355B2 (ja) | 2017-02-15 |
JP2013533043A (ja) | 2013-08-22 |
JP5993372B2 (ja) | 2016-09-14 |
WO2012011066A1 (en) | 2012-01-26 |
US20160073924A1 (en) | 2016-03-17 |
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